Claim Causality with Clarity

Causal inference has attracted enormous attention in clinical neuroscience over the past years. Interpreting causal claims properly based on reported details is crucial for the researchers. In this review, we briefly introduced the statistical basis for causal inference in terms of the potential outcome framework and distinguished the different interpretations in RCT and observational studies. Based on the recent efforts in formulating neuroscience research into a causal framework, we provide 4 recommendations to facilitate open and reproducible causal inference research.