Numerical analysis for solidification behaviour of phase change material using MXene nanofluid based thermal energy storage system

The current work looks at a horizontally oriented double-pipe thermal energy storage system with PCM filled in the annular gap and heat transfer fluid (Water, MXene, and Al 2 O 3 nanofluid) flowing in an inner tube from a physical standpoint. The discharging properties of a latent heat-based thermal energy storage system at various intake temperatures (290K, 298K, and 303K) have been analyzed while maintaining a constant mass flow rate of the heat transfer fluid.With varying input fluid temperatures, the numerical investigation of the influence of solidification on the liquid fraction and temperature for capric acid PCM-based thermal energy storage has been made. Based on the data, the TES system with 1% v/v. MXene nanofluid at 290K inlet temperature solidify capric PCM faster than water and Al 2 O 3 nanofluid. In the TES system, PCM was solidified by water, MXene, and Al 2 O 3 nanofluid as HTF in 30–120 minutes, 50–200 minutes, and 90–380 minutes, respectively, at an inlet temperature of 290K, 298K, and 303K. At a 290K inlet temperature, Al 2 O 3 nanofluid solidified 90% PCM at 303.37K, 42.37% at 309.57K, and 68.35% at 306.27K. MXene nanofluid solidified PCM 90% during 90 minutes, 42.37%, and 68.35% after 30 and 60 minutes at 290K. Thus, MXene nanofluids as heat transfer fluids in double tube latent heat thermal energy storage are more feasible and valuable than traditional fluids for energy-efficient and sustainable thermal energy storage.