Children’s Knowledge of Factors Associated with Bone Health in New Zealand: A Qualitative Study

Background: Low peak bone mass (PBM) is a major contributor to later osteoporosis risk. This study sought to understand young people’s knowledge of factors associated with bone health. Methods: School children in Aotearoa New Zealand were approached. Eight focus groups (26 participants in total, aged 11 to 17 years) were conducted using a semi-structured approach with open-ended questions and prompts. Transcripts were thematically coded using an inductive content analysis approach. Results: Knowledge of factors associated with good bone health was limited. There was a general awareness of the positive and negative impacts of many lifestyle behaviours on health generally, but not specifically PBM. Dairy intake was commonly mentioned as being beneficial for bone health. Some participants reported potential benefits of sport on bone health, but most did not know that weight bearing activity specifically was beneficial. Conclusions: Knowledge of osteoporosis and lifestyle factors that impact PBM was limited. Educational interventions involving promotion of bone health knowledge in adolescents may be an important contributor to public health strategies.