Constructing well-defined neural networks of multiple cell types by picking and placing of neuronal spheroids using FluidFM

Controlled placement of single cells, spheroids and organoids is important for in vitro research, especially for bottom-up biology and for lab-on-a-chip and organ-on-a-chip applications. This study utilised FluidFM technology in order to automatically pick and place neuronal spheroids and single cells. Both single cells and spheroids of interest could be selected using light microscopy or fluorescent staining. A process flow was developed to automatically pick and pattern these neurons on flat surfaces, as well as to deposit them into polydimethylsiloxane microstructures on microelectrode arrays. It was shown that highly accurate and reproducible neuronal circuits can be built using the FluidFM automated workflow.