Effect of Bisphosphonates or Teriparatide on Mechanical Complications after Posterior Instrumented Fusion for Osteoporotic Vertebral Fracture: A Multi-center Retrospective Study

Effect of Bisphosphonates or Teriparatide on Mechanical Complications after Posterior Instrumented Fusion for Osteoporotic Vertebral Fracture: A Multi-center Retrospective Study | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research article Effect of Bisphosphonates or Teriparatide on Mechanical Complications after Posterior Instrumented Fusion for Osteoporotic Vertebral Fracture: A Multi-center Retrospective Study Atsuyuki Kawabata, Toshitaka Yoshii, Takashi Hirai, Shuta Ushio, and 64 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-15464/v2 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 01 Jul, 2020 Read the published version in BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders → Version 2 posted 7 You are reading this latest preprint version Show more versions Abstract Background: The optimal treatment of osteoporosis after reconstruction surgery for osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVF) remains unclear. In this multicentre retrospective study, we investigated the effects of typically used agents for osteoporosis, namely, bisphosphonates (BP) and teriparatide (TP), on surgical results in patients with osteoporotic vertebral fractures. Methods: Retrospectively registered data were collected from 27 universities and affiliated hospitals in Japan. We compared the effects of BP vs TP on postoperative mechanical complication rates, implant-related reoperation rates, and clinical outcomes in patients who underwent posterior instrumented fusion for OVF and had been followed up at least for 2 years. Data were analysed according to whether the osteoporosis was primary or glucocorticoid-induced. Results: A total of 165 patients who underwent posterior instrumented fusion for OVF were included. The overall mechanical complication rate was significantly lower in the TP group than in the BP group (BP vs TP: 73.0% vs. 55.7%, p = 0.018). The screw backout rate was significantly lower and the rates of new vertebral fractures and pseudoarthrosis tended to be lower in the TP group than in the BP group. However, there were no significant differences in lumbar functional scores and visual analogue scale pain scores or in implant-related reoperation rates between the two groups. The incidence of pseudoarthrosis was significantly higher in patients with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) than in those with primary osteoporosis; however, the pseudoarthrosis rate was reduced by using TP. The use of TP also tended to reduce the overall mechanical complication rate in both primary osteoporosis and GIOP. Conclusions: The overall mechanical complication rate was lower in patients who received TP than in those who received a BP postoperatively, regardless of type of osteoporosis. The incidence of pseudoarthrosis was significantly higher in patients with GIOP, but the use of TP reduced the rate of pseudoarthrosis in GIOP patients. Orthopedic Surgery bisphosphonates teriparatide osteoporotic vertebral fractures surgery primary osteoporosis glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis Background Osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVFs) are the most common type of fragility fracture and are sustained by 25% of individuals in their early 70s and 43% of those aged over 80 years [1]. OVFs cause low back pain, which significantly impacts quality of life. Many cases can be cured by conservative treatment using a brace[2] [3], but surgery may be performed when early mobilization is desired, conservative treatment fails, or the posterior segment of the vertebra is destroyed, accompanied by neurological deficit [4]. The recent advent of the percutaneous pedicle screw has made it possible to perform minimally invasive surgery in these patients [5]. However, because of the bone fragility in the background, surgically treated patients may experience screw loosening or pseudoarthrosis and revision surgery may be required [6]. BP are the first-line agents for osteoporosis and have been shown to prevent fragility fractures by inhibiting osteoclasts [7]. TP is a recombinant form of human parathyroid hormone and is the first osteogenic agent to enter clinical use. Improvements in lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) of 4.54%–7.48% have been reported for BP, whereas 6.4% improvement of BMD was reported after 2 years of administration of TP [8]. However, because TP is expensive and its allowed duration of administration is limited, the use of TP is problematic in terms of timing [9]. In contrast, several studies have reported osteonecrosis of the jaw or atypical femoral fracture as adverse effects of BP [10-12], which are not observed under TP. Previous studies have demonstrated the superiority of TP over BP in patients who have undergone conservative treatment for OVF according to bone union rates [13-15]. Other studies have shown the positive effects of TP on bony fusion after spinal fusion or correction surgery [16-21]. TP has bone anabolic ability and can reduce the chance of screw loosening, and so the use of TP may effectively enhance spinal fusion and reduce implant failure and/ or subsequent vertebral fracture in comparison with surgery [16-21]. However, there is limited literature on the relationship between administration of these agents and mechanical complications after posterior fusion surgery for OVF. Furthermore, few studies have investigated the effects of TP and BP in patients with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP). Therefore, optimal treatment of osteoporosis after reconstruction surgery for OVF remains unclear. The aim of this nationwide multicentre retrospective study was to investigate the effects of these osteoporosis medications on surgical outcomes, specifically mechanical complications and reoperation rates in patients with primary OVF or GIOP. Methods -Data collected- We retrospectively reviewed all patients who were treated surgically with instrumentation for OVF between 2005 and 2014 at 27 universities and affiliated hospitals that contribute data to the multicentre Japan Association of Spine Surgeons with Ambition（JASA）database. Institutional review board approval was obtained at each site for patient enrollment and the data collection protocols. The need for informed consent was waived by the ethics committees because this retrospective cohort study involved existing data and records at the time of investigation, and did not retain personal identifiers in the collected information. -Inclusion criteria- The inclusion criteria were treatment with a BP or TP after surgery, follow-up for at least 2 years, and surgery with instrumented posterior spinal fusion. TP was administered more than 6 months and then followed by a BP for the purpose of secondary mineralization. Patients who received other osteoporosis medications, such as denosumab or a selective oestrogen receptor modulator, were excluded. The aetiology was primary osteoporosis or GIOP. The patients who have the history of hypothyroidism, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure were excluded. The operative procedure in the database was divided into anterior spinal fusion, posterior spinal fusion alone with or without vertebroplasty, and anterior and posterior three-column osteotomy. Patients who underwent posterior spinal fusion fixation for less than five levels were included in this study. Demographic data including age, sex, body mass index, BMD and preoperative and postoperative use of osteoporosis agents were collected. BMD was expressed as a paercentage of the young adult mean (aged from 20 to 44 years). YAM less than 70% was used to diagnose osteoporosis in Japan[22]. -Analysis of data- As previously described, postoperative mechanical complications were defined as screw loosening, screw backout, screw breakage, rod breakage, and an adjacent vertebral fracture with or without revision surgery [23]. Screw loosening and screw backout are common complications in spinal instrumentation surgeries. Loosening of screw was usually detected by radiolucent zones around the screw indicating a low extraction torque. Screw back out is defined as change in screw position due to screw loosening. Screw complication was defined as screw loosening, screw backout, and screw breakage. Adjacent vertebral fracture was defined as new compression fractures in adjacent spinal column after surgery. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scoring system for lumbar function [24, 25]. The visual analogue scale (VAS) score was used to grade the severity of low back pain and pain or numbness in the lower extremities (0, no symptoms; 10, worst symptoms imaginable). The clinical outcomes were obtained before surgery and 1 year postoperatively. The recovery rate of JOA was calculated using following formula: recovery rate (%)=(1 year postoperative score−preoperative score)/(29−preoperative score)×100[24]. The change in VAS was defined as reduction of VAS between preoperative and 1 year postoperative score. The patients were divided into those who received BP and those who received TP, postoperatively. We compared the patient’s demographics and surgical outcomes, as well as postoperative complications between the BP and TP group. Further, we compared the effect of BP and TP for patients with primary osteoporosis and GIOP. -Statistics- The t -test or chi-squared test was used to compare the two groups. The averages of continuous variables were compared between the groups using t -tests and the proportions of categorical variables were compared using chi-square tests. All statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Macintosh software version 25.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results One hundred and sixty-five patients who underwent posterior instrumented fusion during the study period met the inclusion criteria. The mean patient age at the time of surgery was 75.4 ± 7.2 years and 141 patients (85.4%) were female. The mean YAM score was 73.0 ± 16.1%. The OVFs were caused by primary osteoporosis in 138 patients and by GIOP in 27 patients. The mean duration of the administration of TP was 17.5 ± 6.5 months. 11 patietns has two vertebral fracture at the same time and the mean number of vertebral fracture was 1.07. Table 1 shows the patient characteristics according to type of osteoporosis. Mean patient age at the time of surgery was significantly higher in the primary osteoporosis group than in the GIOP group (76.6 ± 6.4 years vs. 71.0 ± 6.1 years; p = 0.001). Significantly more patients in the GIOP group received a osteoporosis medication preoperatively (p < 0.001). However, there was no significant between-group difference in sex, body mass index, smoking history, BMD, or number of fixed levels. The preoperative JOA and VAS scores for back pain and leg symptoms were also similar between the two groups. Table 1. Preoperative demographic and clinical characteristics according to whether osteoporosis was primary or glucocorticoid-induced Total Primary GIOP p - value Cases, n 159 132 27 - Age at time of surgery (years) 75.6 ± 6.7 76.6 ± 6.4 71.0 ± 6.1 0.001 Sex (male) 23 (14.5%) 21 (15.9%) 2 (7.4%) 0.371 BMI 22.3 ± 5.1 22.4 ± 4.7 22.3 ± 6.4 0.923 Smoking history (yes/no) 20 (12.6%) 19 (14.4%) 1 (3.7%) 0.202 BMD (YAM%) 71.0 ± 16.1 70.4±14.5 73.5 ± 16.4 0.548 Preoperative use of osteoporosis medication (yes/no) 72 (45.3%) 50 (37.9%) 22 (81.4%) <0.001 BP 53 (33.3%) 41 (31.1%) 12 (44.4%) Vit D 12 (7.3%) 7 (5.1%) 5 (18.5%) BP+Vit D 2 (1.3%) 0 2 (7.4%) TP 7 (4.4%) 4 (3.0%) 3 (11.1%) Number of fixed level 3.1 ± 0.8 3.1 ± 0.8 3.0 ± 0.9 0.531 Preoperative JOA score 4.2± 3.4 4.3 ± 3.3 3.4 ± 3.9 0.268 Preoperative VAS (back pain) 71.5± 24.4 70.7± 24.3 75.3 ± 24.9 0.389 Preoperative VAS 55.0 ± 31.7 55.0 ± 31.9 54.7 ± 31.5 0.696 (leg pain or numbness) GIOP, glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis; BMI, body mass index; BMD, bone mineral density; YAM, young adult mean; JOA, Japan Orthopaedic Association; VAS, visual analogue scale. The demographic characteristics in the BP and TP groups are shown in Table 2. There was no significant difference in age, sex, body mass index, BMD, smoking status, number of previous vertebral fractures, or the preoperative JOA or VAS scores between the two groups. Preoperative use of osteoporosis medication was significantly more common in the TP group than in the BP group (59.0% vs. 37.5%, p = 0.03). There was no significant difference in the number of fixed levels between the two groups. Table 2. Preoperative demographic and clinical characteristics according to whether osteoporosis medication was BP or TP BP TP p -value Cases, n 104 55 - Age at surgery, years 75.2 ± 6.8 76.4 ± 6.4 0.46 Sex (male) 15 (14.4%) 8 (14.8%) 0.98 BMI 22.2 ± 4.8 22.6 ± 5.7 0.62 Smoking history 14 (13.5%) 6 (10.9%) 0.64 Previous vertebral fracture 28 (26.9%) 18 (29.5%) 0.72 BMD*, YAM% 72.5 ± 17.7 73.0 ± 13.9 0.87 Preoperative drug use for osteoporosis 38 (37.5%) 29 (59.0%) 0.03 BP 32 (30.8%) 23 (41.8%) Vit D 6 (5.8%) 6 (10.9%) BP+Vit D 1 (0.01%) 1 (0.02%) TP 0 7 (12.7%) Number of fixed levels 3.0 ± 0.8 3.2 ± 0.8 0.21 Preoperative JOA score 4.8 ± 3.6 4.1 ± 3.3 0.146 Preoperative VAS (back pain) 71.2 ± 22.9 74.6 ± 27.1 0.254 Preoperative VAS (leg pain or numbness) 53.1 ± 31.6 58.4 ± 32.9 0.355 BP, bisphosphonate; TP, teriparatide; BMI, body mass index; BMD, bone mineral density; YAM, young adult mean; JOA, Japanese Orthopaedic Association; VAS, visual analogue scale;. Table 3 shows the postoperative complications and clinical outcomes in the BP and TP groups. The overall mechanical complication rate was significantly higher in the BP group than in the TP group (73.1% vs. 58.2%, p = 0.045). The screw backout rate was significantly lower and the rates of development of new vertebral fractures and pseudoarthrosis tended to be lower in the TP group than in the BP group (screw backout, 1.8% vs. 12.5%; vertebral fracture, 32.7% vs. 45.2%; pseudoarthrosis, 1.8% vs. 8.7%). There were no significant differences in the rates of revision surgery or other complications, such as screw loosening and rod fracture, between the groups. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in the postoperative JOA and VAS scores or in their rates of improvement. Table 3. Postoperative complications and clinical outcomes according to whether osteoporosis medication was BP or TP BP TP p -value Cases, n 104 55 - Mechanical complications 76 (73.1%) 32 (58.2%) 0.045 New vertebral fracture 47 (45.2%) 18 (32.7%) 0.175 Screw complications 42 (40.4%) 19 (34.5%) 0.293 Screw loosening (yes/no) 29 (27.9%) 18 (32.7%) 0.585 Screw backout 13 (12.5%) 1 (1.8%) 0.024 Rod fracture 0 0 - Pseudoarthrosis 9 (8.7%) 1 (1.8%) 0.091 Revision due to mechanical complications 10 (9.6%) 9 (16.4%) 0.303 Postoperative JOA 9.7 ± 3.4 9.3 ± 3.3 0.450 Recovery rate of JOA 49.0 ± 27.5 52.1 ± 25.2 0.486 Final VAS (back pain) 29.8 ± 22.5 31.3 ± 24.5 0.705 Change in VAS (back pain) 40.4 ± 30.0 41.6 ± 32.3 0.826 Final VAS (leg pain or numbness) 18.4 ± 20.4 21.2 ± 25.3 0.464 Change in VAS (leg pain or numbness) 33.5 ± 27.1 35.8 ± 30.1 0.630 BP, bisphosphonate; TP, teriparatide; JOA, Japanese Orthopaedic Association; VAS, visual analogue scale. The recovery rate of JOA was calculated using following formula: recovery rate (%)=(1 year postoperative score−preoperative score)/(29−preoperative score)×100. The change in VAS was defined as reduction of VAS between preoperative and 1 year postoperative score. Table 4 shows postoperative complications and clinical outcomes compared between the patients with primary osteoporosis and those with GIOP. The rate of pseudoarthrosis was significantly higher in patients with GIOP than in those with primary osteoporosis (14.8% vs. 4.3%, p=0.045). Other complications were not significantly different between the two groups. There were no significant differences in postoperative JOA and VAS scores or the recovery rates. Table 4. Postoperative complications and clinical outcomes according to whether osteoporosis was primary or glucocorticoid-induced Primary osteoporosis GIOP p -value Cases, n 132 27 - Mechanical complications 91 (67.4%) 17 (63.0%) 0.544 New vertebral fracture 57 (42.8%) 8 (29.6%) 0.207 Screw complications 54 (39.1%) 7 (25.9%) 0.214 Screw loosening 42 (30.4%) 5 (18.5%) 0.251 Screw backout 12 (8.7%) 2 (7.4%) 0.778 Rod fracture 0 0 - Pseudoarthrosis 6 (4.3%) 4 (14.8%) 0.045 Revision due to mechanical complications 17 (12.3%) 2 (7.4%) 0.425 Postoperative JOA 9.7 ± 3.5 8.8 ± 3.0 0.205 Recovery rate of JOA 50.7 ± 27.8 46.1 ± 20.1 0.449 Final VAS (back pain) 30.0 ± 23.7 32.1 ± 20.6 0.743 Change in VAS (back pain) 40.3 ± 30.9 39.4 ± 29.8 0.715 Final VAS (leg pain or numbness) 19.2 ± 22.1 22.3 ± 23.4 0.786 Change in VAS (leg pain or numbness) 34.2 ± 29.0 34.8 ± 23.3 0.995 BP, bisphosphonate; TP, teriparatide; JOA, Japanese Orthopaedic Association; VAS, visual analogue scale. The recovery rate of JOA was calculated using following formula: recovery rate (%)=(1 year postoperative score−preoperative score)/(29−preoperative score)×100[24] . The change in VAS was defined as reduction of VAS between preoperative and 1 year postoperative score. Table 5 shows the postoperative complications and clinical outcomes in the BP and TP groups according to whether the cause of OVF was primary osteoporosis or GIOP. The overall mechanical complication, screw backout, and pseudoarthrosis rates tended to be reduced by the use of TP compared to the use of BP in patients with primary osteoporosis (overall mechanical complications, 72.0% vs. 61.5%, p = 0.16; screw backout, 11.8% vs. 2.2%, p = 0.080; pseudoarthrosis, 6.5% vs. 0%, p = 0.081). In patients with GIOP, the rates of these complications were smaller by using TP (overall complications, 81.8% vs. 50%, p = 0.093; screw backout, 18.2% vs. 0% p = 0.076; pseudoarthrosis, 27.3% vs. 6.3%, p = 0.13). The screw loosening and revision surgery rates were not different between the BP and TP groups in both types of osteoporosis. There were no significant differences in the postoperative JOA and VAS scores or their recovery rates. Table 5. Postoperative complications and clinical outcomes in the BP and TP groups according to whether the cause of OVF was primary osteoporosis or GIOP Primary osteoporosis GIOP BP TP p -value BP TP p -value Cases, n 93 39 - 11 16 - Mechanical complications 67 (72.0%) 24 (61.5%) 0.16 9 (81.8%) 8 (50%) 0.093 New vertebral fracture 42 (45.2%) 15 (38.5%) 0.304 5 (45.5%) 3 (18.8%) 0.14 Screw complications 39 (41.9%) 15 (38.5%) 0.43 3 (27.3%) 4 (25.0%) 0.90 Screw loosening 28 (30.1%) 14 (35.9%) 0.543 1 (9.1%) 4 (25.0%) 0.30 Screw backout 11 (11.8%) 1 (2.6%) 0.08 2 (18.2%) 0 0.076 Rod fracture 0 0 - 0 0 - Pseudoarthrosis 6 (6.5%) 0 0.12 3 (27.3%) 1 (6.3%) 0.13 Revision due to mechanical complications 10 (10.8%) 7 (17.9%) 0.27 0 2 (12.5%) 0.50 Postoperative JOA score 9.9 ± 3.3 9.6± 3.7 0.75 9.3 ± 3.2 8.3 ± 3.0 0.49 JOA score recovery rate 49.2 ± 30.1 54.4 ± 25.9 0.32 48.0 ± 19.8 44.7 ± 26.3 0.69 Final VAS (back pain) 30.9 ± 23.7 29.8 ± 26.0 0.95 27.2 ± 20.1 36.2 ± 20.3 0.30 Change in VAS (back pain) 40.5 ± 30.9 40.3 ± 32.1 0.98 40.3 ± 26.7 38.7 ± 33.6 0.90 Final VAS (leg pain or numbness) 18.9 ± 21.4 19.9 ± 24.8 0.81 15.0 ± 14.7 28.9 ± 28.2 0.15 Change in VAS (leg pain or numbness) 34.7 ± 28.9 34.9 ± 31.9 0.87 29.2 ± 20.9 39.9 ± 25.1 0.28 BP, bisphosphonate; TP, teriparatide; GIOP, glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis; JOA, Japanese Orthopaedic Association; VAS, visual analogue scale. The recovery rate of JOA was calculated using following formula: recovery rate (%)=(1 year postoperative score−preoperative score)/(29−preoperative score)×100[24] . The change in VAS was defined as reduction of VAS between preoperative and 1 year postoperative score. Discussion Previous studies have demonstrated that TP has a higher union rate in patients with OVF who were treated conservatively compared with those treated with BP [13-15]. However, little is known about the effect of these agents in patients with surgically treated OVF. Furthermore, there has been no comparison of the surgical outcomes between patients with primary osteoporosis and those with GIOP. In this study, we compared the surgical complications and clinical outcomes between patients with primary osteoporosis and GIOP. We then compared the effects of postoperative administration of teriparatide on surgical complications and reoperation rates with those of BP in patients with primary osteoporosis and in patients with GIOP. The demographic data showed that patients with GIOP were younger at the time of surgery than those with primary osteoporosis. This finding indicates that vertebral fractures can occur at a relatively younger age in patients with GIOP. Consistent with this result is a review describing vertebral fractures occurring at a relatively young age in patients with GIOP, and the severity of the collapse was unexpectedly disproportionate to the age of the patients [26]. In our study, patients with GIOP had a relatively higher BMD than those with primary osteoporosis. A previous review also reported that patients on glucocorticoids experienced fractures at a higher BMD than the general population (i.e., the “BMD and bone fragility paradox”) [27]. The effect of glucocorticoids on bone is mediated by multiple pathophysiologic mechanisms resulting in an inhibition of bone formation and an increase in bone resorption. Glucocorticoids also impair the function of osteocytes and thus lead to impaired bone architecture [26] [27]. Saito et al. reported that deterioration of bone material properties advances with glucocorticoid use and the resulting alterations in bone quality are not captured by BMD [28].Thus, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry may underestimate the risk of fracture, which is estimated to be high even though the value of BMD is relatively high in patients treated with glucocorticoids. In our study, the overall mechanical complication and screw backout rates were significantly lower and the new vertebral fracture and pseudoarthrosis rates tended to be lower in the TP group. Previous studies suggested that rates of screw loosening and bone union are significantly lower in patients with osteoporosis who have undergone posterolateral fusion with a local bone graft or posterior interbody fusion and received TP than in their counterparts treated with BP [21]. In a prospective comparison of these osteoporotic medications in 58 surgically treated patients with adult spinal deformity, Seki et al. found that adjacent vertebral fracture, implant failure, and fusion failure rates were significantly lower in their TP group than in their BP group [16]. In accordance with these studies, our result also suggested that it may be considered useful for reducing mechanical complications and pseudoarthrosis in surgically treated case of OVF. In the comparison of primary and steroid-induced osteoporosis, our study showed that the rate of pseudoarthrosis was significantly higher in the patients with GIOP than in those with primary osteoporosis. Previous studies have reported that systemic corticosteroid therapy interfered with bony healing in a rabbit model, with a 60% lower union rate in the steroid group [29, 30]. Consistent with these studies, our results suggested that glucocorticoid use hindered bony union of fracture sites in patients who underwent posterior spinal fusion. However, our study also demonstrated a favourable effect of TP compared with BP for prevention of pseudoarthrosis in patients with GIOP. Thus, administration of TP may be a viable option to improve the rate of bony healing especially for patients with GIOP. We found that TP tended to reduce mechanical complications and pseudoarthrosis regardless of whether osteoporosis was primary or glucocorticoid-induced when compared with BP. Furthermore, the effect of TP on prevention of new vertebral fractures was stronger in our patients with GIOP than in those with primary osteoporosis. Saag et al. have demonstrated that TP is an effective treatment for GIOP and that it was superior to alendronate for prevention of vertebral fractures at 36 months (1.7% vs. 7.7%) [31]. In accordance with the previous study, we found that TP had a positive effect on the mechanical complication rate. However, there has been a suggestion that the effect of TP is attenuated when the glucocorticoid dosage is higher than 15 mg/day [27]. Only four patients in our study were on glucocorticoid doses higher than 15 mg/day, thus a further study is needed to clarify the association between high-dose glucocorticoids and the effect of TP. Previous studies have found better quality of life and VAS scores for back pain in patients treated with TP than in those treated with BP. In a crossover study by Jakob et al, postmenopausal women with osteoporosis who switched from a BP to TP reported better health-related quality of life and had improved VAS scores for back pain [13]. In our study, despite the positive effect of TP on mechanical complications, postoperative JOA and VAS scores for back pain were not significantly different between the TP and BP group. A possible explanation for this result is that posterior fusion itself results in marked improvement in the VAS score and quality of life. Therefore, symptoms in patients who received BP were also sufficiently improved by surgery, such that the effect of TP may not have been significant. However, the difference in mechanical complication rates between TP and BP may further increase during long term follow-up, which may result in marked differences in pain and quality of life in the patients with spinal fusion for OVFs. This study has several limitations. First, the multicentre retrospective design of the study meant that we could not evaluate the duration of drug administration in all cases. Although TP should be administered for 2 years in Japan, information on the exact treatment duration could not be obtained. Therefore, it is possible that there were patients in the study who had received TP for a shorter duration. Second, we could not investigate the preoperative use of osteoporosis medications. However, the BMD was similar between the two treatment groups, suggesting that any difference in the effect of drugs administered preoperatively was negligible. Further studies with more appropriate study designs are needed. Conclusions In this study, the effect of postoperative TP on the overall mechanical complication rate was more favourable than that of a BP regardless of whether the osteoporosis is primary or glucocorticoid-induced. The incidence of pseudoarthrosis was significantly higher in patients with GIOP. The use of TP reduced the rate of pseudoarthrosis in GIOP patients. Abbreviations BMD, bone mineral density; BP, bisphosphonate; GIOP, glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis; JOA, Japanese Orthopaedic Association; OVF, osteoporotic vertebral fracture; TP, teriparatide; VAS, visual analogue scale; YAM, Young Adult Mean Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate This study was approved by the ethics committee of all participating institutions. The need for informed consent was waived by the above ethics committees because the retrospective cohort study involved existing data and records at the time of investigation, and did not retain personal identifiers in the collected information. Ethics committee, Niigata University School of Medicine (approval number 2015-1385) Ethics committee, Osaka University School of Medicine (approval number 11360-3) Ethics committee, Tokyo Medical University (approval number 2605) Ethics committee, Osaka City University School of Medicine (approval number 3170) Ethics committee, Nagasaki University School of Medicine (approval number 17032715) Ethics committee, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (approval number M2016-055) Ethics committee, Kyushu University School of Medicine (approval number 28-359) Ethics committee, Jichi Medical University (approval number A13-82) Ethics committee, Kitasato University School of Medicine (approval number B16-34) Ethics committee, Osaka Medical College (approval number 2169) Ethics committee, Tokai University School of Medicine (approval number 16R-033) Ethics committee, Shinshu University School of Medicine (approval number 3456) Ethics committee, Chiba University School of Medicine (approval number 2481) Ethics committee, Nagoya University School of Medicine (approval number 2016-0177) Ethics committee, Kochi University School of Medicine (approval number 2016-116) Ethics committee, Kanazawa University School of Medicine (approval number 2015-075) Ethics committee, University of Toyama School of Medicine (approval number 21-22) Ethics committee, Akita University School of Medicine (approval number 1879) Ethics committee, Kobe University School of Medicine (approval number 160004) Ethics committee, Nihon University Itabashi Hospital (approval number RK-160913-21) Ethics committee, Hokkaido University School of Medicine (approval number 015-0396) Ethics committee, Iwate Medical University (approval number H28-88) Ethics committee, University of Tsukuba School of Medicine (approval number H27-133) Ethics committee, Hiroshima University School of Medicine (approval number Epi-139) Ethics committee, Keio University School of Medicine (approval number 20110141) Consent for publication Not applicable Availability of data and materials The datasets generated during and/or analysed during this study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Funding Not applicable. Authors' contributions AK1: study design, analyses and interpretation of data, draft of manuscript with tables and figures; TY: substantial contributions to conception and critical revision for important intellectual content; TH1, SU, TK, YM, HT, AT, KH, KK2, AK2, GI, AN, DS, SI1, SO1, TF, SI2, KK4, HM, SS, MH, KK5, YA, MO2, MT, HE, TA, KN, KW2, NH, KI, and TH2: substantial contributions to study design and data acquisition; KK1, MO1, YS, TY, HF, YN, HS, HN, KT, SY, SA, NY, HO, TD, HI, MM, WS, TN, MS, TF, SO2, KA, KK3, KY, TY, AI, TT, SS, NI, EO, HF, SU, YS, and KN: data acquisition. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Acknowledgments Not applicable. References Tsuda T: Epidemiology of fragility fractures and fall prevention in the elderly: a systematic review of the literature . Curr Orthop Pract 2017, 28 (6):580-585. 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Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 01 Jul, 2020 Read the published version in BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders → Version 2 posted Editorial decision: Accept 22 Jun, 2020 Review # 1 received at journal 21 Jun, 2020 Reviewer # 1 agreed at journal 04 Jun, 2020 Editor assigned by journal 02 Jun, 2020 Reviewers invited by journal 02 Jun, 2020 Editor invited by journal 01 Jun, 2020 Submission checks completed at journal 25 May, 2020 You are reading this latest preprint version Show more versions Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hirooki","middleName":"","lastName":"Endo","suffix":""},{"id":608687,"identity":"0ceb51a2-cc8a-41f2-be78-4e7505e24c29","order_by":54,"name":"Tetsuya Abe","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Tsukuba","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Tetsuya","middleName":"","lastName":"Abe","suffix":""},{"id":608688,"identity":"df8b31c5-d565-43f8-bb89-12d25457203e","order_by":55,"name":"Toshinori Tsukanishi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Tsukuba","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Toshinori","middleName":"","lastName":"Tsukanishi","suffix":""},{"id":608689,"identity":"5b7985bd-19ff-4d6a-bb2a-6e6def18e13c","order_by":56,"name":"Kazuyoshi Nakanishi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Hiroshima University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Kazuyoshi","middleName":"","lastName":"Nakanishi","suffix":""},{"id":608690,"identity":"9bba889c-68be-4d54-b23f-d74819f2d2bd","order_by":57,"name":"Kota Watanabe","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Keio University School of Medicine","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Kota","middleName":"","lastName":"Watanabe","suffix":""},{"id":608691,"identity":"d16ff8b8-6fe6-4b97-a5d9-14f11ed62256","order_by":58,"name":"Tomohiro Hikata","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Keio University School of Medicine","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Tomohiro","middleName":"","lastName":"Hikata","suffix":""},{"id":608692,"identity":"57f394dd-d30e-4237-9a45-990abbbd4652","order_by":59,"name":"Satoshi Suzuki","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Keio University School of Medicine","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Satoshi","middleName":"","lastName":"Suzuki","suffix":""},{"id":608693,"identity":"bb772c79-bc8a-44fd-8ef2-6dd8f8285262","order_by":60,"name":"Norihiro Isogai","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Keio University School of Medicine","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Norihiro","middleName":"","lastName":"Isogai","suffix":""},{"id":608694,"identity":"e1c6d84a-281d-4060-99c0-92c82f3e4e62","order_by":61,"name":"Eijiro Okada","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Keio University School of Medicine","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Eijiro","middleName":"","lastName":"Okada","suffix":""},{"id":608695,"identity":"537fde6b-d340-4312-ba16-1af1de0818e9","order_by":62,"name":"Haruki Funao","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Keio University School of Medicine","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Haruki","middleName":"","lastName":"Funao","suffix":""},{"id":608696,"identity":"3c3db768-677d-4095-a901-16746ac74f3b","order_by":63,"name":"Seiji Ueda","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Keio University School of Medicine","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Seiji","middleName":"","lastName":"Ueda","suffix":""},{"id":608697,"identity":"07e19022-3e67-4d86-a0b7-ce9a5ccb677a","order_by":64,"name":"Yuta Shiono","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Keio University School of Medicine","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yuta","middleName":"","lastName":"Shiono","suffix":""},{"id":608698,"identity":"3438c912-ab47-4159-b2b9-1f0d4e0bfea0","order_by":65,"name":"Kenya Nojiri","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Keio University School of Medicine","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Kenya","middleName":"","lastName":"Nojiri","suffix":""},{"id":608699,"identity":"c89be641-908a-43ce-b448-b73c98f38046","order_by":66,"name":"Naobumi Hosogane","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"National Defence Medical College","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Naobumi","middleName":"","lastName":"Hosogane","suffix":""},{"id":608700,"identity":"a36f64e9-6ac4-47fd-b0cb-63ea66daf972","order_by":67,"name":"Ken Ishii","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Internatinal University of Health and Welfare School of Medicine","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ken","middleName":"","lastName":"Ishii","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2020-02-27 12:17:31","currentVersionCode":2,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-15464/v2","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-15464/v2","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-020-03452-6","type":"published","date":"2020-07-01T12:00:00+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":13535654,"identity":"bd2261f3-e7f4-40af-a3a8-637d6da98e10","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-09-17 01:29:27","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1342168,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-15464/v2/ceada3d0-4600-42d3-903f-2085d261fe00.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"Effect of Bisphosphonates or Teriparatide on Mechanical Complications after Posterior Instrumented Fusion for Osteoporotic Vertebral Fracture: A Multi-center Retrospective Study","fulltext":[{"header":"Background","content":"\u003cp\u003eOsteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVFs) are the most common type of fragility fracture and are sustained by 25% of individuals in their early 70s and 43% of those aged over 80 years [1]. OVFs cause low back pain, which significantly impacts quality of life. Many cases can be cured by conservative treatment using a brace[2] [3], but surgery may be performed when early mobilization is desired, conservative treatment fails, or the posterior segment of the vertebra is destroyed, accompanied by neurological deficit [4]. The recent advent of the percutaneous pedicle screw has made it possible to perform minimally invasive surgery in these patients [5]. However, because of the bone fragility in the background, surgically treated patients may experience screw loosening or pseudoarthrosis and revision surgery may be required [6].\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBP are the first-line agents for osteoporosis and have been shown to prevent fragility fractures by inhibiting osteoclasts [7]. TP is a recombinant form of human parathyroid hormone and is the first osteogenic agent to enter clinical use. Improvements in lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) of 4.54%\u0026ndash;7.48% have been reported for BP, whereas 6.4% improvement of BMD was reported after 2 years of administration of TP [8]. However, because TP is expensive and its allowed duration of administration is limited, the use of TP is problematic in terms of timing [9]. In contrast, several studies have reported osteonecrosis of the jaw or atypical femoral fracture as adverse effects of BP [10-12], which are not observed under TP.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrevious studies have demonstrated the superiority of TP over BP in patients who have undergone conservative treatment for OVF according to bone union rates [13-15]. Other studies have shown the positive effects of TP on bony fusion after spinal fusion or correction surgery [16-21]. TP has bone anabolic ability and can reduce the chance of screw loosening, and so the use of TP may effectively enhance spinal fusion and reduce implant failure and/ or subsequent vertebral fracture in comparison with surgery [16-21]. However, there is limited literature on the relationship between administration of these agents and mechanical complications after posterior fusion surgery for OVF. Furthermore, few studies have investigated the effects of TP and BP in patients with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP). Therefore, optimal treatment of osteoporosis after reconstruction surgery for OVF remains unclear. The aim of this nationwide multicentre retrospective study was to investigate the effects of these osteoporosis medications on surgical outcomes, specifically mechanical complications and reoperation rates in patients with primary OVF or GIOP.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methods","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-Data collected-\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe retrospectively reviewed all patients who were treated surgically with instrumentation for OVF between 2005 and 2014 at 27 universities and affiliated hospitals that contribute data to the multicentre Japan Association of Spine Surgeons with Ambition（JASA）database. Institutional review board approval was obtained at each site for patient enrollment and the data collection protocols. The need for informed consent was waived by the ethics committees because this retrospective cohort study involved existing data and records at the time of investigation, and did not retain personal identifiers in the collected information.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-Inclusion criteria-\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;The inclusion criteria were treatment with a BP or TP after surgery, follow-up for at least 2 years, and surgery with instrumented posterior spinal fusion. TP was administered more than 6 months and then followed by a BP for the purpose of secondary mineralization. Patients who received other osteoporosis medications, such as denosumab or a selective oestrogen receptor modulator, were excluded. The aetiology was primary osteoporosis or GIOP. The patients who have the history of hypothyroidism, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure were excluded. The operative procedure in the database was divided into anterior spinal fusion, posterior spinal fusion alone with or without vertebroplasty, and anterior and posterior three-column osteotomy. Patients who underwent posterior spinal fusion fixation for less than five levels were included in this study. Demographic data including age, sex, body mass index, BMD and preoperative and postoperative use of osteoporosis agents were collected. BMD was expressed as a paercentage of the young adult mean (aged from 20 to 44 years). YAM less than 70% was used to diagnose osteoporosis in Japan[22].\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-Analysis of data-\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs previously described, postoperative mechanical complications were defined as screw loosening, screw backout, screw breakage, rod breakage, and an adjacent vertebral fracture with or without revision surgery [23]. Screw loosening and screw backout are common complications in spinal instrumentation surgeries. Loosening of screw was usually detected by radiolucent zones around the screw indicating a low extraction torque. Screw back out is defined as change in screw position due to screw loosening. Screw complication was defined as screw loosening, screw backout, and screw breakage. Adjacent vertebral fracture was defined as new compression fractures in adjacent spinal column after surgery. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scoring system for lumbar function [24, 25]. The visual analogue scale (VAS) score was used to grade the severity of low back pain and pain or numbness in the lower extremities (0, no symptoms; 10, worst symptoms imaginable). The clinical outcomes were obtained before surgery and 1 year postoperatively. The recovery rate of JOA was calculated using following formula: recovery rate (%)=(1 year postoperative score\u0026minus;preoperative score)/(29\u0026minus;preoperative score)\u0026times;100[24]. The change in VAS was defined as reduction of VAS between preoperative and 1 year postoperative score. The patients were divided into those who received BP and those who received TP, postoperatively. We compared the patient\u0026rsquo;s demographics and surgical outcomes, as well as postoperative complications between the BP and TP group. Further, we compared the effect of BP and TP for patients with primary osteoporosis and GIOP.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-Statistics-\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003et\u003c/em\u003e-test or chi-squared test was used to compare the two groups. The averages of continuous variables were compared between the groups using \u003cem\u003et\u003c/em\u003e-tests and the proportions of categorical variables were compared using chi-square tests. All statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Macintosh software version 25.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). A p-value \u0026lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003eOne hundred and sixty-five patients who underwent posterior instrumented fusion during the study period met the inclusion criteria. The mean patient age at the time of surgery was 75.4 \u0026plusmn; 7.2 years and 141 patients (85.4%) were female. The mean YAM score was 73.0 \u0026plusmn; 16.1%. The OVFs were caused by primary osteoporosis in 138 patients and by GIOP in 27 patients. The mean duration of the administration of TP was 17.5 \u0026plusmn; 6.5 months. 11 patietns has two vertebral fracture at the same time and the mean number of vertebral fracture was 1.07.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 1 shows the patient characteristics according to type of osteoporosis. Mean patient age at the time of surgery was significantly higher in the primary osteoporosis group than in the GIOP group (76.6 \u0026plusmn; 6.4 years vs. 71.0 \u0026plusmn; 6.1 years; p = 0.001). Significantly more patients in the GIOP group received a osteoporosis medication preoperatively (p \u0026lt; 0.001). However, there was no significant between-group difference in sex, body mass index, smoking history, BMD, or number of fixed levels. The preoperative JOA and VAS scores for back pain and leg symptoms were also similar between the two groups.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px; line-height: 200%; font-family: Helvetica; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003eTable 1. Preoperative demographic and clinical characteristics according to whether osteoporosis was primary or glucocorticoid-induced\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 4.2e+2pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none;\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width:163.1pt;border-top:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;margin-left:48.0pt;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:63.75pt;border-top:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003eTotal\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:68.85pt;border-top:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003ePrimary\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.9pt;border-top:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003eGIOP\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:53.7pt;border-top:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003ep\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003evalue\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width:163.1pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003eCases, n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:63.75pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e159\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:68.85pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e132\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.9pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:53.7pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width:163.1pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:29.3pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003eAge at time of surgery (years)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:63.75pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:29.3pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e75.6 \u0026plusmn; 6.7\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:68.85pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:29.3pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e76.6 \u0026plusmn; 6.4\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.9pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:29.3pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e71.0 \u0026plusmn; 6.1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:53.7pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:29.3pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0.001\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width:163.1pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003eSex (male)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:63.75pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e23 (14.5%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:68.85pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e21 (15.9%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.9pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e2 (7.4%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:53.7pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0.371\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width:163.1pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:29.35pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003eBMI\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:63.75pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:29.35pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e22.3 \u0026plusmn; 5.1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:68.85pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:29.35pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e22.4 \u0026plusmn; 4.7\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.9pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:29.35pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e22.3 \u0026plusmn; 6.4\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:53.7pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:29.35pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0.923\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width:163.1pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003eSmoking history (yes/no)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:63.75pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e20 (12.6%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:68.85pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e19 (14.4%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.9pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e1 (3.7%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:53.7pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0.202\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width:163.1pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003eBMD (YAM%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:63.75pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e71.0 \u0026plusmn; 16.1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:68.85pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e70.4\u0026plusmn;14.5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.9pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e73.5\u0026nbsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026nbsp;16.4\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:53.7pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0.548\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width:163.1pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:57.25pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003ePreoperative use of osteoporosis medication (yes/no)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:63.75pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:57.25pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e72 (45.3%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:68.85pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:57.25pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e50 (37.9%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.9pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:57.25pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e22 (81.4%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:53.7pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:57.25pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width:163.1pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:16.7pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;BP\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:63.75pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:16.7pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e53 (33.3%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:68.85pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:16.7pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e41 (31.1%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.9pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:16.7pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e12 (44.4%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:53.7pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:16.7pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width:163.1pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:57.95pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; Vit D\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:63.75pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:57.95pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e12 (7.3%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:68.85pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:57.95pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e7 (5.1%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.9pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:57.95pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e5 (18.5%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:53.7pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:57.95pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width:163.1pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:27.95pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; BP+Vit D\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:63.75pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:27.95pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e2 (1.3%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:68.85pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:27.95pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.9pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:27.95pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e2 (7.4%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:53.7pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:27.95pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width:163.1pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:27.95pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; TP\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:63.75pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:27.95pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e7 (4.4%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:68.85pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:27.95pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e4 (3.0%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.9pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:27.95pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e3 (11.1%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:53.7pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:27.95pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width:163.1pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:27.95pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:63.75pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:27.95pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:68.85pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:27.95pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.9pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:27.95pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:53.7pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:27.95pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width:163.1pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003eNumber of fixed level\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:63.75pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e3.1 \u0026plusmn; 0.8\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:68.85pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e3.1\u0026nbsp;\u0026plusmn; 0.8\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.9pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e3.0 \u0026plusmn; 0.9\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:53.7pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0.531\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width:226.85pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:68.85pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.9pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:53.7pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:153.9pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003ePreoperative JOA score\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width:72.95pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;4.2\u0026plusmn; 3.4\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:68.85pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e4.3\u0026nbsp;\u0026plusmn; 3.3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.9pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e3.4 \u0026plusmn; 3.9\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:53.7pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0.268\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:153.9pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003ePreoperative VAS (back pain)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width:72.95pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e71.5\u0026plusmn; 24.4\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:68.85pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e70.7\u0026plusmn; 24.3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.9pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e75.3 \u0026plusmn; 24.9\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:53.7pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0.389\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:153.9pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003ePreoperative VAS\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width:72.95pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e55.0\u0026nbsp;\u0026plusmn; 31.7\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:68.85pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e55.0\u0026nbsp;\u0026plusmn; 31.9\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.9pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e54.7 \u0026plusmn; 31.5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:53.7pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0.696\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width:226.85pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e(leg pain or numbness)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:68.85pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.9pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:53.7pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px; line-height: 200%; font-family: Helvetica; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003eGIOP, glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis; BMI, body mass index; BMD, bone mineral density; YAM, young adult mean; JOA, Japan Orthopaedic Association; VAS, visual analogue scale.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe demographic characteristics in the BP and TP groups are shown in Table 2. There was no significant difference in age, sex, body mass index, BMD, smoking status, number of previous vertebral fractures, or the preoperative JOA or VAS scores between the two groups. Preoperative use of osteoporosis medication was significantly more common in the TP group than in the BP group (59.0% vs. 37.5%, p = 0.03). There was no significant difference in the number of fixed levels between the two groups.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px; line-height: 200%; font-family: Helvetica; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003eTable 2. Preoperative demographic and clinical characteristics according to whether osteoporosis medication was BP or TP\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 4.0e+2pt;margin-left:.05pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none;\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width:172.0pt;border-top:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;margin-left:48.0pt;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:77.85pt;border-top:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003eBP\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:96.7pt;border-top:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003eTP\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:54.8pt;border-top:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003ep\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e-value\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width:172.0pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:27.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003eCases, n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:77.85pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:27.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e104\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:96.7pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:27.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e55\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:54.8pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:27.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width:172.0pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003eAge at surgery, years\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:77.85pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e75.2 \u0026plusmn; 6.8\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:96.7pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e76.4 \u0026plusmn; 6.4\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:54.8pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0.46\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width:172.0pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003eSex (male)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:77.85pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e15 (14.4%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:96.7pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e8 (14.8%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:54.8pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0.98\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width:172.0pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003eBMI\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:77.85pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e22.2 \u0026plusmn; 4.8\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:96.7pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e22.6 \u0026plusmn; 5.7\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:54.8pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0.62\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width:170.1pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:30.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003eSmoking history\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width:79.75pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:30.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e14 (13.5%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:96.7pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:30.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e6 (10.9%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:54.8pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:30.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0.64\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width:172.0pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003ePrevious vertebral fracture\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:77.85pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e28 (26.9%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:96.7pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e18 (29.5%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:54.8pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0.72\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width:172.0pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003eBMD*, YAM%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:77.85pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e72.5 \u0026plusmn; 17.7\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:96.7pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e73.0 \u0026plusmn; 13.9\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:54.8pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0.87\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width:172.0pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:53.1pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003ePreoperative drug use for osteoporosis\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:77.85pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:53.1pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e38 (37.5%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:96.7pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:53.1pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e29 (59.0%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:54.8pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:53.1pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0.03\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width:172.0pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; BP\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:77.85pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e32 (30.8%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:96.7pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e23 (41.8%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:54.8pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width:172.0pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; Vit D\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:77.85pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e6 (5.8%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:96.7pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e6 (10.9%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:54.8pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width:172.0pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; BP+Vit D\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:77.85pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e1 (0.01%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:96.7pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e1 (0.02%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:54.8pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width:172.0pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; TP\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:77.85pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:96.7pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e7 (12.7%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:54.8pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:54.8pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" style=\"border:none;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width:172.0pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:77.85pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:96.7pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:54.8pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width:172.0pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003eNumber of fixed levels\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:77.85pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e3.0 \u0026plusmn; 0.8\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:96.7pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e3.2 \u0026plusmn; 0.8\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:54.8pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0.21\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width:172.0pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:77.85pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:96.7pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:54.8pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width:172.0pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003ePreoperative JOA score\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:77.85pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e4.8 \u0026plusmn; 3.6\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:96.7pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e4.1 \u0026plusmn; 3.3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:54.8pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0.146\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width:172.0pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003ePreoperative VAS (back pain)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:77.85pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e71.2 \u0026plusmn; 22.9\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:96.7pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e74.6 \u0026plusmn; 27.1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:54.8pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0.254\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width:172.0pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003ePreoperative VAS (leg pain or numbness)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:77.85pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e53.1 \u0026plusmn; 31.6\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:96.7pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e58.4 \u0026plusmn; 32.9\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:54.8pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0.355\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;margin-top:12.0pt;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px; line-height: 200%; font-family: Helvetica; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003eBP, bisphosphonate; TP, teriparatide; BMI, body mass index; BMD, bone mineral density; YAM, young adult mean; JOA, Japanese Orthopaedic Association; VAS, visual analogue scale;.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 3 shows the postoperative complications and clinical outcomes in the BP and TP groups. The overall mechanical complication rate was significantly higher in the BP group than in the TP group (73.1% vs. 58.2%, p = 0.045). The screw backout rate was significantly lower and the rates of development of new vertebral fractures and pseudoarthrosis tended to be lower in the TP group than in the BP group (screw backout, 1.8% vs. 12.5%; vertebral fracture, 32.7% vs. 45.2%; pseudoarthrosis, 1.8% vs. 8.7%). There were no significant differences in the rates of revision surgery or other complications, such as screw loosening and rod fracture, between the groups. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in the postoperative JOA and VAS scores or in their rates of improvement.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px; line-height: 200%; font-family: Helvetica; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003eTable 3. Postoperative complications and clinical outcomes according to whether osteoporosis medication was BP or TP\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 4.3e+2pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none;\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:171.9pt;border-top:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;margin-left:48.0pt;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:78.0pt;border-top:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003eBP\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:96.7pt;border-top:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003eTP\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:84.05pt;border-top:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003ep\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e-value\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:171.9pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:26.7pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003eCases, n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:78.0pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:26.7pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e104\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:96.7pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:26.7pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e55\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:84.05pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:26.7pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:171.9pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003eMechanical complications\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:78.0pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e76 (73.1%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:96.7pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e32 (58.2%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:84.05pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0.045\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:171.9pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;New vertebral fracture\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:78.0pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e47 (45.2%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:96.7pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e18 (32.7%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:84.05pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0.175\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:171.9pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;Screw complications\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:78.0pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e42 (40.4%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:96.7pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e19 (34.5%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:84.05pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0.293\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:171.9pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:27.2pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;Screw loosening (yes/no)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:78.0pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:27.2pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e29 (27.9%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:96.7pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:27.2pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e18 (32.7%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:84.05pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:27.2pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0.585\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:171.9pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;Screw backout\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:78.0pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e13 (12.5%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:96.7pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e1 (1.8%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:84.05pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0.024\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:171.9pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;Rod fracture\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:78.0pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:96.7pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:84.05pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:171.9pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;Pseudoarthrosis\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:78.0pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e9 (8.7%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:96.7pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e1 (1.8%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:84.05pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0.091\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:171.9pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003eRevision due to mechanical complications\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:78.0pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e10 (9.6%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:96.7pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e9 (16.4%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:84.05pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0.303\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:171.9pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:78.0pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:96.7pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:84.05pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:171.9pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003ePostoperative JOA\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:78.0pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e9.7 \u0026plusmn; 3.4\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:96.7pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e9.3 \u0026plusmn; 3.3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:84.05pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0.450\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:171.9pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003eRecovery rate of JOA\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:78.0pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e49.0 \u0026plusmn; 27.5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:96.7pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e52.1 \u0026plusmn; 25.2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:84.05pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0.486\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:171.9pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:29.35pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003eFinal VAS (back pain)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:78.0pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:29.35pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e29.8 \u0026plusmn; 22.5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:96.7pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:29.35pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e31.3 \u0026plusmn; 24.5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:84.05pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:29.35pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0.705\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:171.9pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003eChange in VAS (back pain)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:78.0pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e40.4 \u0026plusmn; 30.0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:96.7pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e41.6 \u0026plusmn; 32.3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:84.05pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0.826\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:171.9pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003eFinal VAS (leg pain or numbness)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:78.0pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e18.4 \u0026plusmn; 20.4\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:96.7pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e21.2 \u0026plusmn; 25.3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:84.05pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0.464\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:171.9pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003eChange in VAS (leg pain or numbness)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:78.0pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e33.5 \u0026plusmn; 27.1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:96.7pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e35.8 \u0026plusmn; 30.1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:84.05pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0.630\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 13px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003eBP, bisphosphonate; TP, teriparatide; JOA, Japanese Orthopaedic Association; VAS, visual analogue scale. The recovery rate of JOA was calculated using following formula: recovery rate (%)=(1 year postoperative score\u0026minus;preoperative score)/(29\u0026minus;preoperative score)\u0026times;100. The change in VAS was defined as reduction of VAS between preoperative and 1 year postoperative score.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 4 shows postoperative complications and clinical outcomes compared between the patients with primary osteoporosis and those with GIOP. The rate of pseudoarthrosis was significantly higher in patients with GIOP than in those with primary osteoporosis (14.8% vs. 4.3%, p=0.045). Other complications were not significantly different between the two groups. There were no significant differences in postoperative JOA and VAS scores or the recovery rates.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px; line-height: 200%; font-family: Helvetica; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003eTable 4. Postoperative complications and clinical outcomes according to whether osteoporosis was primary or glucocorticoid-induced\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 4.3e+2pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none;\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:171.9pt;border-top:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;margin-left:48.0pt;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:117.05pt;border-top:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003ePrimary osteoporosis\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:78.0pt;border-top:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003eGIOP\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:63.7pt;border-top:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003ep\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e-value\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:171.9pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003eCases, n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:117.05pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e132\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:78.0pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:63.7pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:171.9pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:27.3pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003eMechanical complications\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:117.05pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:27.3pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e91 (67.4%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:78.0pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:27.3pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e17 (63.0%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:63.7pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:27.3pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0.544\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:171.9pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;New vertebral fracture\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:117.05pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e57 (42.8%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:78.0pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e8 (29.6%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:63.7pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0.207\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:171.9pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;Screw complications\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:117.05pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e54 (39.1%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:78.0pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e7 (25.9%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:63.7pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0.214\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:171.9pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;Screw loosening\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:117.05pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e42 (30.4%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:78.0pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e5 (18.5%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:63.7pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0.251\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:171.9pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;Screw backout\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:117.05pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e12 (8.7%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:78.0pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e2 (7.4%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:63.7pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0.778\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:171.9pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;Rod fracture\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:117.05pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:78.0pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:63.7pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:171.9pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;Pseudoarthrosis\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:117.05pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e6 (4.3%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:78.0pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e4 (14.8%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:63.7pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0.045\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:171.9pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003eRevision due to mechanical complications\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:117.05pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e17 (12.3%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:78.0pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e2 (7.4%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:63.7pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0.425\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:171.9pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:30.75pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:117.05pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:30.75pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:78.0pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:30.75pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:63.7pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:30.75pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:171.9pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003ePostoperative JOA\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:117.05pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e9.7 \u0026plusmn; 3.5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:78.0pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e8.8 \u0026plusmn; 3.0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:63.7pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0.205\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:171.9pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003eRecovery rate of JOA\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:117.05pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e50.7 \u0026plusmn; 27.8\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:78.0pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e46.1 \u0026plusmn; 20.1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:63.7pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0.449\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:171.9pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003eFinal VAS (back pain)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:117.05pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e30.0 \u0026plusmn; 23.7\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:78.0pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e32.1 \u0026plusmn; 20.6\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:63.7pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0.743\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:171.9pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003eChange in VAS (back pain)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:117.05pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e40.3 \u0026plusmn; 30.9\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:78.0pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e39.4 \u0026plusmn; 29.8\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:63.7pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0.715\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:171.9pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003eFinal VAS (leg pain or numbness)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:117.05pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e19.2 \u0026plusmn; 22.1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:78.0pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e22.3 \u0026plusmn; 23.4\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:63.7pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0.786\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:171.9pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003eChange in VAS (leg pain or numbness)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:117.05pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e34.2 \u0026plusmn; 29.0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:78.0pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e34.8 \u0026plusmn; 23.3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:63.7pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0.995\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003eBP, bisphosphonate; TP, teriparatide; JOA, Japanese Orthopaedic Association; VAS, visual analogue scale. The recovery rate of JOA was calculated using following formula: recovery rate (%)=(1 year postoperative score\u0026minus;preoperative score)/(29\u0026minus;preoperative score)\u0026times;100[24]\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px; line-height: 200%; font-family: Helvetica; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e. The change in VAS was defined as reduction of VAS between preoperative and 1 year postoperative score.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 5 shows the postoperative complications and clinical outcomes in the BP and TP groups according to whether the cause of OVF was primary osteoporosis or GIOP. The overall mechanical complication, screw backout, and pseudoarthrosis rates tended to be reduced by the use of TP compared to the use of BP in patients with primary osteoporosis (overall mechanical complications, 72.0% vs. 61.5%, p = 0.16; screw backout, 11.8% vs. 2.2%, p = 0.080; pseudoarthrosis, 6.5% vs. 0%, p = 0.081). In patients with GIOP, the rates of these complications were smaller by using TP (overall complications, 81.8% vs. 50%, p = 0.093; screw backout, 18.2% vs. 0% p = 0.076; pseudoarthrosis, 27.3% vs. 6.3%, p = 0.13). The screw loosening and revision surgery rates were not different between the BP and TP groups in both types of osteoporosis. There were no significant differences in the postoperative JOA and VAS scores or their recovery rates.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px; line-height: 200%; font-family: Helvetica; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003eTable 5. Postoperative complications and clinical outcomes in the BP and TP groups according to whether the cause of OVF was primary osteoporosis or GIOP\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 5.4e+2pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none;\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width:95.3pt;border-top:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:12.5pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;margin-left:48.0pt;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width:175.5pt;border-top:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:12.5pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003ePrimary osteoporosis\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width:13.5pt;border-top:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:12.5pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" style=\"width:167.5pt;border-top:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:12.5pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003eGIOP\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:62.75pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:28.1pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003eBP\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:63.4pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:28.1pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003eTP\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:49.35pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:28.1pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003ep\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e-value\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:62.45pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:28.1pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003eBP\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:58.5pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:28.1pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003eTP\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width:46.55pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:28.1pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003ep\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e-value\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:95.3pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003eCases, n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:62.75pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e93\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:63.4pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e39\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:49.35pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:13.5pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:62.45pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:58.5pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width:46.55pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:95.3pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003eMechanical complications\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:62.75pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e67 (72.0%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:63.4pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e24 (61.5%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:49.35pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0.16\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:13.5pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:62.45pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e9 (81.8%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:58.5pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e8 (50%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width:46.55pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0.093\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:95.3pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003eNew vertebral fracture\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:62.75pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e42 (45.2%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:63.4pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e15 (38.5%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:49.35pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0.304\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:13.5pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:62.45pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e5 (45.5%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:58.5pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e3 (18.8%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width:46.55pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0.14\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:95.3pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;Screw complications\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:62.75pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e39 (41.9%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:63.4pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e15 (38.5%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:49.35pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0.43\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:13.5pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:62.45pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e3 (27.3%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:58.5pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e4 (25.0%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width:46.55pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0.90\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:95.3pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;Screw loosening\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:62.75pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e28 (30.1%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:63.4pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e14 (35.9%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:49.35pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0.543\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:13.5pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:62.45pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e1 (9.1%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:58.5pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e4 (25.0%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width:46.55pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0.30\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:95.3pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;Screw backout\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:62.75pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e11 (11.8%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:63.4pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e1 (2.6%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:49.35pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0.08\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:13.5pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:62.45pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e2 (18.2%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:58.5pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width:46.55pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0.076\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:95.3pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;Rod fracture\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:62.75pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:63.4pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:49.35pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:13.5pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:62.45pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:58.5pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width:46.55pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:95.3pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:27.2pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;Pseudoarthrosis\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:62.75pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:27.2pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e6 (6.5%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:63.4pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:27.2pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:49.35pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:27.2pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0.12\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:13.5pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:27.2pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:62.45pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:27.2pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e3 (27.3%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:58.5pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:27.2pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e1 (6.3%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width:46.55pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:27.2pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0.13\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:95.3pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:71.95pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003eRevision due to mechanical complications\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:62.75pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:71.95pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e10 (10.8%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:63.4pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:71.95pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e7 (17.9%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:49.35pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:71.95pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0.27\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:13.5pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:71.95pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:62.45pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:71.95pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:58.5pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:71.95pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e2 (12.5%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width:46.55pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:71.95pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0.50\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:95.3pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:8.2pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:62.75pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:8.2pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:63.4pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:8.2pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:49.35pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:8.2pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" style=\"width:181.0pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:8.2pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:86.2pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:8.2pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:95.3pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003ePostoperative JOA score\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:62.75pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e9.9 \u0026plusmn; 3.3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:63.4pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e9.6\u0026plusmn; 3.7\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:49.35pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0.75\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:13.5pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:62.45pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e9.3 \u0026plusmn;\u0026nbsp;3.2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width:61.95pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e8.3 \u0026plusmn; 3.0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:43.1pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0.49\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:95.3pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003eJOA score recovery rate\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:62.75pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e49.2 \u0026plusmn; 30.1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:63.4pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e54.4 \u0026plusmn; 25.9\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:49.35pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0.32\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:13.5pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:62.45pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e48.0 \u0026plusmn; 19.8\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width:61.95pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e44.7 \u0026plusmn;\u0026nbsp;26.3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:43.1pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0.69\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:95.3pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003eFinal VAS (back pain)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:62.75pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e30.9 \u0026plusmn; 23.7\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:63.4pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e29.8 \u0026plusmn; 26.0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:49.35pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0.95\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:13.5pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:62.45pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e27.2 \u0026plusmn; 20.1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width:61.95pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e36.2 \u0026plusmn; 20.3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:43.1pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0.30\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:95.3pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003eChange in VAS (back pain)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:62.75pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e40.5 \u0026plusmn; 30.9\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:63.4pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e40.3 \u0026plusmn;\u0026nbsp;32.1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:49.35pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0.98\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:13.5pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:62.45pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e40.3 \u0026plusmn; 26.7\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width:61.95pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e38.7 \u0026plusmn; 33.6\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:43.1pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0.90\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:95.3pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003eFinal VAS (leg pain or numbness)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:62.75pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e18.9 \u0026plusmn; 21.4\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:63.4pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e19.9 \u0026plusmn; 24.8\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:49.35pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0.81\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:13.5pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:62.45pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e15.0 \u0026plusmn; 14.7\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width:61.95pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e28.9 \u0026plusmn; 28.2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:43.1pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0.15\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:95.3pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003eChange in VAS (leg pain or numbness)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:62.75pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e34.7 \u0026plusmn; 28.9\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:63.4pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e34.9 \u0026plusmn; 31.9\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:49.35pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0.87\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:13.5pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:62.45pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e29.2 \u0026plusmn; 20.9\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width:61.95pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e39.9 \u0026plusmn; 25.1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:43.1pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:200%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e0.28\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003eBP, bisphosphonate;\u0026nbsp;TP, teriparatide; GIOP, glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis; JOA, Japanese Orthopaedic Association; VAS, visual analogue scale. The recovery rate of JOA was calculated using following formula: recovery rate (%)=(1 year postoperative score\u0026minus;preoperative score)/(29\u0026minus;preoperative score)\u0026times;100[24]\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px; font-family: Helvetica; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e. The change in VAS was defined as reduction of VAS between preoperative and 1 year postoperative score.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003ePrevious studies have demonstrated that TP has a higher union rate in patients with OVF who were treated conservatively compared with those treated with BP [13-15]. However, little is known about the effect of these agents in patients with surgically treated OVF. Furthermore, there has been no comparison of the surgical outcomes between patients with primary osteoporosis and those with GIOP. In this study, we compared the surgical complications and clinical outcomes between patients with primary osteoporosis and GIOP. We then compared the effects of postoperative administration of teriparatide on surgical complications and reoperation rates with those of BP in patients with primary osteoporosis and in patients with GIOP.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe demographic data showed that patients with GIOP were younger at the time of surgery than those with primary osteoporosis. This finding indicates that vertebral fractures can occur at a relatively younger age in patients with GIOP. Consistent with this result is a review describing vertebral fractures occurring at a relatively young age in patients with GIOP, and the severity of the collapse was unexpectedly disproportionate to the age of the patients [26]. In our study, patients with GIOP had a relatively higher BMD than those with primary osteoporosis. A previous review also reported that patients on glucocorticoids experienced fractures at a higher BMD than the general population (i.e., the \u0026ldquo;BMD and bone fragility paradox\u0026rdquo;) [27]. The effect of glucocorticoids on bone is mediated by multiple pathophysiologic mechanisms resulting in an inhibition of bone formation and an increase in bone resorption. Glucocorticoids also impair the function of osteocytes and thus lead to impaired bone architecture [26] [27]. Saito et al. reported that deterioration of bone material properties advances with glucocorticoid use and the resulting alterations in bone quality are not captured by BMD [28].Thus, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry may underestimate the risk of fracture, which is estimated to be high even though the value of BMD is relatively high in patients treated with glucocorticoids.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn our study, the overall mechanical complication and screw backout rates were significantly lower and the new vertebral fracture and pseudoarthrosis rates tended to be lower in the TP group. Previous studies suggested that rates of screw loosening and bone union are significantly lower in patients with osteoporosis who have undergone posterolateral fusion with a local bone graft or posterior interbody fusion and received TP than in their counterparts treated with BP [21]. In a prospective comparison of these osteoporotic medications in 58 surgically treated patients with adult spinal deformity, Seki et al. found that adjacent vertebral fracture, implant failure, and fusion failure rates were significantly lower in their TP group than in their BP group [16]. In accordance with these studies, our result also suggested that it may be considered useful for reducing mechanical complications and pseudoarthrosis in surgically treated case of OVF.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn the comparison of primary and steroid-induced osteoporosis, our study showed that the rate of pseudoarthrosis was significantly higher in the patients with GIOP than in those with primary osteoporosis. Previous studies have reported that systemic corticosteroid therapy interfered with bony healing in a rabbit model, with a 60% lower union rate in the steroid group [29, 30]. Consistent with these studies, our results suggested that glucocorticoid use hindered bony union of fracture sites in patients who underwent posterior spinal fusion. However, our study also demonstrated a favourable effect of TP compared with BP for prevention of pseudoarthrosis in patients with GIOP. Thus, administration of TP may be a viable option to improve the rate of bony healing especially for patients with GIOP.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe found that TP tended to reduce mechanical complications and pseudoarthrosis regardless of whether osteoporosis was primary or glucocorticoid-induced when compared with BP. Furthermore, the effect of TP on prevention of new vertebral fractures was stronger in our patients with GIOP than in those with primary osteoporosis. Saag et al. have demonstrated that TP is an effective treatment for GIOP and that it was superior to alendronate for prevention of vertebral fractures at 36 months (1.7% vs. 7.7%) [31]. In accordance with the previous study, we found that TP had a positive effect on the mechanical complication rate. However, there has been a suggestion that the effect of TP is attenuated when the glucocorticoid dosage is higher than 15 mg/day [27]. Only four patients in our study were on glucocorticoid doses higher than 15 mg/day, thus a further study is needed to clarify the association between high-dose glucocorticoids and the effect of TP.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrevious studies have found better quality of life and VAS scores for back pain in patients treated with TP than in those treated with BP. In a crossover study by Jakob et al, postmenopausal women with osteoporosis who switched from a BP to TP reported better health-related quality of life and had improved VAS scores for back pain [13]. In our study, despite the positive effect of TP on mechanical complications, postoperative JOA and VAS scores for back pain were not significantly different between the TP and BP group. A possible explanation for this result is that posterior fusion itself results in marked improvement in the VAS score and quality of life. Therefore, symptoms in patients who received BP were also sufficiently improved by surgery, such that the effect of TP may not have been significant. However, the difference in mechanical complication rates between TP and BP may further increase during long term follow-up, which may result in marked differences in pain and quality of life in the patients with spinal fusion for OVFs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis study has several limitations. First, the multicentre retrospective design of the study meant that we could not evaluate the duration of drug administration in all cases. Although TP should be administered for 2 years in Japan, information on the exact treatment duration could not be obtained. Therefore, it is possible that there were patients in the study who had received TP for a shorter duration. Second, we could not investigate the preoperative use of osteoporosis medications. However, the BMD was similar between the two treatment groups, suggesting that any difference in the effect of drugs administered preoperatively was negligible. Further studies with more appropriate study designs are needed.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusions","content":"\u003cp\u003eIn this study, the effect of postoperative TP on the overall mechanical complication rate was more favourable than that of a BP regardless of whether the osteoporosis is primary or glucocorticoid-induced. The incidence of pseudoarthrosis was significantly higher in patients with GIOP. The use of TP reduced the rate of pseudoarthrosis in GIOP patients.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Abbreviations","content":"\u003cp\u003eBMD, bone mineral density; BP, bisphosphonate; GIOP, glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis; JOA, Japanese Orthopaedic Association; OVF, osteoporotic vertebral fracture; TP, teriparatide; VAS, visual analogue scale; YAM, Young Adult Mean\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis study was approved by the ethics committee of all participating institutions. The need for informed consent was waived by the above ethics committees because the retrospective cohort study involved existing data and records at the time of investigation, and did not retain personal identifiers in the collected information.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEthics committee, Niigata University School of Medicine (approval number 2015-1385)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEthics committee, Osaka University School of Medicine (approval number 11360-3)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEthics committee, Tokyo Medical University (approval number 2605)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEthics committee, Osaka City University School of Medicine (approval number 3170)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEthics committee, Nagasaki University School of Medicine (approval number 17032715)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEthics committee, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (approval number M2016-055)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEthics committee, Kyushu University School of Medicine (approval number 28-359)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEthics committee, Jichi Medical University (approval number A13-82)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEthics committee, Kitasato University School of Medicine (approval number B16-34)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEthics committee, Osaka Medical College (approval number 2169)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEthics committee, Tokai University School of Medicine (approval number 16R-033)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEthics committee, Shinshu University School of Medicine (approval number 3456)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEthics committee, Chiba University School of Medicine (approval number 2481)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEthics committee, Nagoya University School of Medicine (approval number 2016-0177)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEthics committee, Kochi University School of Medicine (approval number 2016-116)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEthics committee, Kanazawa University School of Medicine (approval number 2015-075)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEthics committee, University of Toyama School of Medicine (approval number 21-22)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEthics committee, Akita University School of Medicine (approval number 1879)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEthics committee, Kobe University School of Medicine (approval number 160004)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEthics committee, Nihon University Itabashi Hospital (approval number RK-160913-21)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEthics committee, Hokkaido University School of Medicine (approval number 015-0396)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEthics committee, Iwate Medical University (approval number H28-88)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEthics committee, University of Tsukuba School of Medicine (approval number H27-133)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEthics committee, Hiroshima University School of Medicine (approval number Epi-139)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEthics committee, Keio University School of Medicine (approval number 20110141)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent for publication\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAvailability of data and materials\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe datasets generated during and/or analysed during this study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting interests\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare that they have no competing interests.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable.\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors' contributions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAK1: study design, analyses and interpretation of data, draft of manuscript with tables and figures; TY: substantial contributions to conception and critical revision for important intellectual content; TH1, SU, TK, YM, HT, AT, KH, KK2, AK2, GI, AN, DS, SI1, SO1, TF, SI2, KK4, HM, SS, MH, KK5, YA, MO2, MT, HE, TA, KN, KW2, NH, KI, and TH2: substantial contributions to study design and data acquisition; KK1, MO1, YS, TY, HF, YN, HS, HN, KT, SY, SA, NY, HO, TD, HI, MM, WS, TN, MS, TF, SO2, KA, KK3, KY, TY, AI, TT, SS, NI, EO, HF, SU, YS, and KN: data acquisition. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgments\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTsuda T: \u003cstrong\u003eEpidemiology of fragility fractures and fall prevention in the elderly: a systematic review of the literature\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cem\u003eCurr Orthop Pract \u003c/em\u003e2017, \u003cstrong\u003e28\u003c/strong\u003e(6):580-585.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSlavici A, Rauschmann M, Fleege C: \u003cstrong\u003eConservative management of osteoporotic vertebral fractures: an update\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cem\u003eEur J Trauma Emerg Surg \u003c/em\u003e2017, \u003cstrong\u003e43\u003c/strong\u003e(1):19-26.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKato T, Inose H, Ichimura S, Tokuhashi Y, Nakamura H, Hoshino M, Togawa D, Hirano T, Haro H, Ohba T\u003cem\u003e et al\u003c/em\u003e: \u003cstrong\u003eComparison of 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Kawaguchi Y, Nakano M, Yasuda T, Suzuki K, Watanabe K, Makino H, Kanamori M, Kimura T: \u003cstrong\u003eTeriparatide versus low-dose bisphosphonates before and after surgery for adult spinal deformity in female Japanese patients with osteoporosis\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cem\u003eEur Spine J \u003c/em\u003e2017, \u003cstrong\u003e26\u003c/strong\u003e(8):2121-2127.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaruo K, Tachibana T, Arizumi F, Kusuyama K, Kishima K, Yoshiya S: \u003cstrong\u003eEffect of Teriparatide on Subsequent Vertebral Fractures after Instrumented Fusion Surgery for Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures with Neurological Deficits\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cem\u003eAsian Spine J \u003c/em\u003e2019, \u003cstrong\u003e13\u003c/strong\u003e(2):283-289.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKim JW, Park SW, Kim YB, Ko MJ: \u003cstrong\u003eThe Effect of Postoperative Use of Teriparatide Reducing Screw Loosening in Osteoporotic Patients\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cem\u003eJ Korean Neurosurg Soc \u003c/em\u003e2018, \u003cstrong\u003e61\u003c/strong\u003e(4):494-502.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChen YC, Lin WC: \u003cstrong\u003eCan anti-osteoporotic therapy reduce adjacent fracture in magnetic resonance imaging-proven acute osteoporotic vertebral fractures?\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cem\u003eBMC Musculoskelet Disord \u003c/em\u003e2016, \u003cstrong\u003e17\u003c/strong\u003e:151.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOhtori S, Inoue G, Orita S, Yamauchi K, Eguchi Y, Ochiai N, Kishida S, Kuniyoshi K, Aoki Y, Nakamura J\u003cem\u003e et al\u003c/em\u003e: \u003cstrong\u003eComparison of teriparatide and bisphosphonate treatment to reduce pedicle screw loosening after lumbar spinal fusion surgery in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis from a bone quality perspective\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cem\u003eSpine (Phila Pa 1976) \u003c/em\u003e2013, \u003cstrong\u003e38\u003c/strong\u003e(8):E487-492.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOhtori S, Orita S, Yamauchi K, Eguchi Y, Ochiai N, Kuniyoshi K, Aoki Y, Nakamura J, Miyagi M, Suzuki M\u003cem\u003e et al\u003c/em\u003e: \u003cstrong\u003eMore than 6 Months of Teriparatide Treatment Was More Effective for Bone Union than Shorter Treatment Following Lumbar Posterolateral Fusion Surgery\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cem\u003eAsian Spine J \u003c/em\u003e2015, \u003cstrong\u003e9\u003c/strong\u003e(4):573-580.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOrimo H, Hayashi Y, Fukunaga M, Sone T, Fujiwara S, Shiraki M, Kushida K, Miyamoto S, Soen S, Nishimura J\u003cem\u003e et al\u003c/em\u003e: \u003cstrong\u003eDiagnostic criteria for primary osteoporosis: year 2000 revision\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cem\u003eJ Bone Miner Metab \u003c/em\u003e2001, \u003cstrong\u003e19\u003c/strong\u003e(6):331-337.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWatanabe K, Katsumi K, Ohashi M, Shibuya Y, Hirano T, Endo N, Kaito T, Yamashita T, Fujiwara H, Nagamoto Y\u003cem\u003e et al\u003c/em\u003e: \u003cstrong\u003eSurgical outcomes of spinal fusion for osteoporotic vertebral fracture in the thoracolumbar spine: Comprehensive evaluations of 5 typical surgical fusion techniques\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cem\u003eJ Orthop Sci \u003c/em\u003e2019, \u003cstrong\u003e24\u003c/strong\u003e(6):1020-1026.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHirabayashi K, Miyakawa J, Satomi K, Maruyama T, Wakano K: \u003cstrong\u003eOperative results and postoperative progression of ossification among patients with ossification of cervical posterior longitudinal ligament\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cem\u003eSpine (Phila Pa 1976) \u003c/em\u003e1981, \u003cstrong\u003e6\u003c/strong\u003e(4):354-364.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFujiwara A, Kobayashi N, Saiki K, Kitagawa T, Tamai K, Saotome K: \u003cstrong\u003eAssociation of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association score with the Oswestry Disability Index, Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire, and short-form 36\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cem\u003eSpine (Phila Pa 1976) \u003c/em\u003e2003, \u003cstrong\u003e28\u003c/strong\u003e(14):1601-1607.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCompston J: \u003cstrong\u003eGlucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: an update\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cem\u003eEndocrine \u003c/em\u003e2018, \u003cstrong\u003e61\u003c/strong\u003e(1):7-16.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAdami G, Saag KG: \u003cstrong\u003eGlucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: 2019 concise clinical review\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cem\u003eOsteoporos Int \u003c/em\u003e2019, \u003cstrong\u003e30\u003c/strong\u003e(6):1145-1156.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSaito M, Marumo K: \u003cstrong\u003e[Determinants of bone quality and strength independent of bone remodeling]\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cem\u003eClin Calcium \u003c/em\u003e2016, \u003cstrong\u003e26\u003c/strong\u003e(1):29-41.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWaters RV, Gamradt SC, Asnis P, Vickery BH, Avnur Z, Hill E, Bostrom M: \u003cstrong\u003eSystemic corticosteroids inhibit bone healing in a rabbit ulnar osteotomy model\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cem\u003eActa Orthop Scand \u003c/em\u003e2000, \u003cstrong\u003e71\u003c/strong\u003e(3):316-321.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSawin PD, Dickman CA, Crawford NR, Melton MS, Bichard WD, Sonntag VK: \u003cstrong\u003eThe effects of dexamethasone on bone fusion in an experimental model of posterolateral lumbar spinal arthrodesis\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cem\u003eJ Neurosurg \u003c/em\u003e2001, \u003cstrong\u003e94\u003c/strong\u003e(1 Suppl):76-81.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSaag KG, Zanchetta JR, Devogelaer JP, Adler RA, Eastell R, See K, Krege JH, Krohn K, Warner MR: \u003cstrong\u003eEffects of teriparatide versus alendronate for treating glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: thirty-six-month results of a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cem\u003eArthritis Rheum \u003c/em\u003e2009, \u003cstrong\u003e60\u003c/strong\u003e(11):3346-3355.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-musculoskeletal-disorders","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"bmsd","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders](http://bmcmusculoskeletdisord.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://author-welcome.nature.com/12891","title":"BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders","twitterHandle":"BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"bisphosphonates, teriparatide, osteoporotic vertebral fractures, surgery, primary osteoporosis, glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-15464/v2","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-15464/v2","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBackground: \u003c/strong\u003eThe optimal treatment of osteoporosis after reconstruction surgery for osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVF) remains unclear. In this multicentre retrospective study, we investigated the effects of typically used agents for osteoporosis, namely, bisphosphonates (BP) and teriparatide (TP), on surgical results in patients with osteoporotic vertebral fractures.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethods: \u003c/strong\u003eRetrospectively registered data were collected from 27 universities and affiliated hospitals in Japan. We compared the effects of BP vs TP on postoperative mechanical complication rates, implant-related reoperation rates, and clinical outcomes in patients who underwent posterior instrumented fusion for OVF and had been followed up at least for 2 years. Data were analysed according to whether the osteoporosis was primary or glucocorticoid-induced.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults: \u003c/strong\u003eA total of 165 patients who underwent posterior instrumented fusion for OVF were included. The overall mechanical complication rate was significantly lower in the TP group than in the BP group (BP vs TP: 73.0% vs. 55.7%, p = 0.018). The screw backout rate was significantly lower and the rates of new vertebral fractures and pseudoarthrosis tended to be lower in the TP group than in the BP group. However, there were no significant differences in lumbar functional scores and visual analogue scale pain scores or in implant-related reoperation rates between the two groups. The incidence of pseudoarthrosis was significantly higher in patients with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) than in those with primary osteoporosis; however, \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe pseudoarthrosis rate was reduced by using TP. The use of TP also tended to reduce the overall mechanical complication rate in both primary osteoporosis and GIOP. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusions: \u003c/strong\u003eThe overall mechanical complication rate was lower in patients who received TP than in those who received a BP postoperatively, regardless of type of osteoporosis. The incidence of pseudoarthrosis was significantly higher in patients with GIOP, but the use of TP reduced the rate of pseudoarthrosis in GIOP patients.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Effect of Bisphosphonates or Teriparatide on Mechanical Complications after Posterior Instrumented Fusion for Osteoporotic Vertebral Fracture: A Multi-center Retrospective Study","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":2,"date":"2020-06-02 10:58:23","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-15464/v2","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Accept","date":"2020-06-22T12:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2020-06-21T12:00:00+00:00","index":1,"fulltext":"Recommendation: Accept without revision\nForm responses:\n---\n\nComments to Author:\n---\nNone* Publons Reviewer Recognition. Springer Nature can send verification of this review directly to Publons (a subsidiary of Clarivate Analytics). If you would like to take advantage of this service, please click on the “Yes” option below. Your name, email address, title of the reviewed manuscript, name of the journal, and date of your review submission (the “Review Data”) will then be transmitted to Publons upon publication of the manuscript. If you have already registered at Publons, they will notify you of the receipt of this review and update your profile as per your settings and their policy. If you are not registered with Publons, you will receive an email from them asking you to register in order for them to be able to recognize your review on your new profile page. Publons may use the Review Data to generate derivative metadata for the benefit of Publons and you as a reviewer, carefully considering the sensitivity of such information. For example, Publons may verify your record as a reviewer by updating your profile published on its webservice if you have registered for such service or help editors to identify candidate reviewers. Please find the details of processing in Publons’ privacy policy https://publons.com/about/terms: **Yes**\n* Are the methods appropriate and well described?: **Yes**\n* Does the work include the necessary controls?: **Unable to assess**\n* Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the data shown?: **Yes**\n* Are you able to assess any statistics in the manuscript or would you recommend an additional statistical review?: **I am able to assess the statistics**\n* Quality of written English: **Acceptable**\n* Declaration of competing interests: **I declare that I have no competing interests**\n* Reviewer Publication Consent. I agree for my report to be made available under an Open Access Creative Commons CC-BY License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0) if this manuscript is accepted for publication. Any comments that I do not wish to be included in the published report have been included as confidential comments to the editor, which will not be published.: **I agree to the terms of the CC-BY 4.0 license; please do not publish my name with my report. (default)**\n"},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"","date":"2020-06-04T12:00:00+00:00","index":1,"fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2020-06-02T12:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2020-06-02T12:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2020-06-01T12:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2020-05-25T12:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-musculoskeletal-disorders","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"bmsd","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders](http://bmcmusculoskeletdisord.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://author-welcome.nature.com/12891","title":"BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders","twitterHandle":"BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}},{"code":1,"date":"2020-02-28 22:03:12","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-15464/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2020-04-03T12:00:00+00:00","index":2,"fulltext":"Recommendation: Major revisions required\nForm responses:\n---\n\nComments to Author:\n---\nKawabata and colleagues describe a retrospective cohort of patients having benefited of surgery for osteorporotic vertebral fractures treatment, and they compare the effects on postoperative complications of two different anti-osteoporotic treatments given after the surgery, teriparatide and bisphosphonates. They show that patients under teriparatide suffer less postoperative complications than patients under bisphosphonates, which could give a cue on the better anti-osteoporotic treatment in this situation. The article is well structured and written. However, several points should be addressed.\nMajor revisions:\n- Methods: description of the inclusion criteria and collected data is deficient, and not clear as defined.\nFirst point is that main inclusion criteria is the realization of \"posterior spinal fusion fixation\". It should be said \"in the context of VOF\". However, mainly, it is indicated that in the used database many other surgical procedures have been included, but the reason why only patients with the posterior fusion fixation have been included is not indicated. The reason for including only patients with fixation for less than five levels is not indicated either.\nAlso, several characteristics of the surgery should be indicated: timing since vertebral fracture, and indication for surgery. These should be indicated in the description of the cohort.\nSecondly, bisphosphonates as a general description of a treatment is clearly insufficient. Not all bisphosphonates are similarly potent (ibandronate\u003crisendronate\u003calendronate\u003czoledronate), and those given orally may not be taken by the patients affecting their efficacy. The type and dosing of the treatments should be indicated.\nConcerning patients characteristics, it should be precised the number of vertebral fractures per patient. I am not an expert in vertebral surgery, but whether factors that could have an effect on postoperatory complications should be mentioned: smoking may be one, but vitamin D deficiency and weight or BMI also. Which secondary osteoporosis causes have been excluded and how is not explained. Whether patients were under calcium and vitamin D substitution has to be precised.\nDescription of the imaging methods used for the post-operative follow-up have to be detailed: type of imaging (X-ray vs. CT or MRI), and timing since surgery. How diagnosis of pseudarthrosis has been done, and at which moment after the surgery is an important point. Similarly, timing of JOA scoring of lumbar function and VAS sore of pain has to be detailed, results may be different 1 week, 1 month and 1 year after surgery.\n- Discussion lacks different paragraphs:\nOne point that should be discussed is the rate of complications in comparison with published studies or historical series, independently of the study aim. If the rate of complications is very different from other studies, interpretation of data may be difficult.\nIn addition, several studies have also analyzed the effect of teriparatide and bisphosphonates in postoperative complications of spine surgery (references from the study number 15 by Seki, and number 19 and 20 from Ohtori). A thorough comparison of complications types, treatments and dosing used, and obtained results is needed.\nFinally, limitations of the study to be discussed include: (1) low number of patients with GIOP; (2) the fact that a high number of surgeons have intervene with thus may be different expertise and outcomes depending on the surgeon and not on the applied treatment (did patients from the same surgeon get the same treatment?), and (3) teriparatide may be less efficacious after BP a treatment, and we do not know exact previous anti-osteoporotic treatments.\nMinor revisions.\n- Conclusions, both at the abstract and at the end of the article, contain a summary of the obtained results. A sentence with a more general conclusion could complete the paragraphs.\n- Background, page 6, line 13-14: Instead of \"Many cases can be cured by…\" (which is not right: they are treated but not cured), it should say: \"Most OVFs are treated conservatively with pain killers, and some patients benefit from using a brace\". The reference is not adequate, a better reference could be Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2017; 43:19 (the other is not easily accessible and less complete).\n- Background, page 6, line 18-20: Reference showing that surgery is an effective option for preventing progressive kyphosis is lacking.\n- Background, page 6, second paragraph (line 30): BP and TP \"are widely used for the treatment of osteoporosis\" (only few BP and never TP are used for osteoporosis prevention).\n- Background, page 6, line 32: \"have been shown to prevent fragility fractures\" (instead of fragile).\n- Background, page 6, line 48: \"adverse effects of BP [9-11], which are not observed under TP\"\n- Background, page 6, line 58 (from \"TP has bone anabolic ability and can reduce the chance of …\": I do not understand the second part of the sentence on BP, please rephrase.\n- Methods, page 7-8: its organization should be clearer with paragraphs containing: inclusion criteria, data collected, analysis of data, and statistics.\n- Methods, page 8, line 3: YAM is not usually used out of Japan and should be described for better comprehension.\n- Methods, page 8, line 10: what is an \"adjacent vertebral fracture\" should be precised.\n- Methods, page 8, line 14: for the same reason, the JOA scoring system should be described. Reference 22 seems not adequate for the scoring system, to re-evaluate.\n- Results, page 9 and 10, Tables 1 and 2: they are very similar, the \"title\" should be almost the same, with the only difference of the analyzed groups.\n- Results, page 9 and 10, Tables 1 and 2: the legend should include the acronyms in the order they appear in the table, so they are easily found.\n- Results, page 9 and 10, Tables 1 and 2: should say \"Number of fixed levels\" instead of \"Fixed level\" which does not mean the same thing.\n- Results, pages 11 to 15, Tables 3 to 5: \"Screw complication\" has not been described in the methods, please adapt.\n- Results, pages 11 to 15, Tables 3 to 5: \"Recovery rate of JOA\" and \"Change in VAS\" are not described in the methods (timing between the to time-points); should also be indicated in the legend.\n- Results, page 14, line 14-16: \"Even in patients with…\" is not adequate, please rephrase.\n- Discussion, page 16, line 9: \"teriparatide on surgical complications\" and not \"complication\"\n- Discussion, page 16, lines 19 and 28: these sentences refer to references 23 and 24, which are not a study or a report, but reviews. Please change.\n- Discussion, page 16, line 53: I do not understand what fusion means in \"Previous studies suggested that rates of screw loosening and fusion are significantly…\", please clarify.\n- Discussion, page 17, line 9: the assertion \"TP has a bone anabolic effect and has effects on both bone fusion promotion and screw loosening\" should be completed by a reference.\n- Discussion, page 17, line 11: \"It may also reduce the risk of new fractures in OVF patients by 38%\": it is not clear whether it refers to patients with osteoporosis which have been operated or not, to the results… may need a reference also.\n- Discussion, page 17, line 14: the expression \"it is considered to be useful for …\" is too strong, should say \"may be considered useful for…\"\n- Discussion, page 17, line 28: please comment on the fact that there are no reports in humans concerning glucocorticoids and pseudarthrosis.\n- Discussion, page 17, line 25: the sentence \"administration of TP is a viable option to …\" should be replaced (may be a viable option)\n* Are the methods appropriate and well described?: **No**\n* Does the work include the necessary controls?: **Unable to assess**\n* Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the data shown?: **Yes**\n* Are you able to assess any statistics in the manuscript or would you recommend an additional statistical review?: **I am able to assess the statistics**\n* Quality of written English: **Needs some language corrections before being published**\n* Declaration of competing interests: **I declare that I have no competing interests**\n* I agree to the open peer review policy of the journal. I understand that my name will be included on my report to the authors and, if the manuscript is accepted for publication, my named report including any attachments I upload will be posted on the website along with the authors' responses. I agree for my report to be made available under an Open Access Creative Commons CC-BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). I understand that any comments which I do not wish to be included in my named report can be included as confidential comments to the editors, which will not be published.: ** I agree to the open peer review policy of the journal**\n"},{"type":"decision","content":"Major revision","date":"2020-04-03T12:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2020-03-25T12:00:00+00:00","index":1,"fulltext":"Recommendation: Major revisions required\nForm responses:\n---\n\nComments to Author:\n---\nGeneral Comment\nIn their retrospective study \"Effect of Bisphosphonates or Teriparatide …\" the authors investigate possible effects of bisphosphonates (BP) and teriparatide (TP) on surgical outcome parameters in patients with osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVF; due to primary osteoporosis or glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis). Data were collected from 27 hospitals in Japan, and a total of 165 patients who had undergone posterior instrumented fusion for OVF were included in the analyses. The authors found that the TP group had a significantly lower overall mechanical complication rate including screw back-out rate, compared to the BP group. Furthermore, the rate of new vertebral fractures and pseudoarthrosis tended to be lower in the TP group than in the BP group.\nOverall, this is an interesting study and it might add to our current knowledge about the effect of two differently acting bone treatments on surgical outcome parameters after instrumented posterior spinal fusion. However, some methodological issues need to be adressed before resubmitting the manuscript.\n\n\nSpecific Comments\n\nBackground:\n§2; .. fragile fractures ..  fragility fractures\nLast line: \"TP has anabolic ability …, and so the use of BP may effectively enhance …; this sentence doesn't make sense.\n\n\nMethods, Results\n\n- The authors state that TP was \"continued\" for 2 years; however, this implies that TP had been administered already before.\nWhat is meant here is that TP was administered for two years, followed by an antiresorptive treatment for the purpose of secondary mineralization (a mandatory sequential mode).\n\n- According to Table1, preoperative use of medication was quite common in the study subjects. This is probably the biggest limitation, as the effect of TP (and BP) might largely depend on the osteoporosis treatment administered before initiation of treatment after surgery\n\n- Another big drawback is the fact that treatment duration of 2 years in TP patients apparently was only assumed but not documented. It is clear that differences in TP treatment duration (e.g. 3 months vs 24 months) might lead to severe bias\n\n- The maximum duration of BP treatment following TP treatment should be indicated here, because BP treatment duration may affect the outcome parameters.\n\n- For those readers who are not familiar with surgical terminology, the difference between screw back-out and screw loosening should be explained in more detail.\n\nOverall, the authors have adressed some of the limitations in their discussion. However, efforts should be undertaken to minimize sources of bias, particularly regarding osteoporosis treatment before surgery (type of treatment, duration)\n* Are the methods appropriate and well described?: **Yes**\n* Does the work include the necessary controls?: **Yes**\n* Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the data shown?: **Unable to assess**\n* Are you able to assess any statistics in the manuscript or would you recommend an additional statistical review?: **I am able to assess the statistics**\n* Quality of written English: **Acceptable**\n* Declaration of competing interests: **I declare that I have no competing interests**\n* I agree to the open peer review policy of the journal. I understand that my name will be included on my report to the authors and, if the manuscript is accepted for publication, my named report including any attachments I upload will be posted on the website along with the authors' responses. I agree for my report to be made available under an Open Access Creative Commons CC-BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). I understand that any comments which I do not wish to be included in my named report can be included as confidential comments to the editors, which will not be published.: ** I agree to the open peer review policy of the journal**\n"},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"","date":"2020-03-24T12:00:00+00:00","index":3,"fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"","date":"2020-03-23T12:00:00+00:00","index":2,"fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"","date":"2020-03-10T12:00:00+00:00","index":1,"fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2020-03-06T12:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2020-02-19T12:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2020-02-18T12:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2020-02-18T12:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"","date":"2020-02-17T12:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-musculoskeletal-disorders","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"bmsd","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders](http://bmcmusculoskeletdisord.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://author-welcome.nature.com/12891","title":"BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders","twitterHandle":"BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"2a616fa1-b8ca-48bb-ab8c-a4808c422e8f","owner":[],"postedDate":"June 2nd, 2020","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[{"id":111452,"name":"Orthopedic Surgery"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2020-07-06T20:33:41+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-15464","link":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-020-03452-6","journal":{"identity":"bmc-musculoskeletal-disorders","isVorOnly":false,"title":"BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders"},"publishedOn":"2020-07-01 12:00:00","publishedOnDateReadable":"July 1st, 2020"},"versionCreatedAt":"2020-06-02 10:58:23","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1186/s12891-020-03452-6","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-020-03452-6","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v2","identity":"rs-15464","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-15464","identity":"rs-15464","version":["v2"]},"buildId":"FbvkV6FR0MCFSLy54lSbu","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}