TriMetaloxide Nanocomposite on Functionalized Nitrogen Graphene Oxide for Nitrite/Nitrate Detection

TriMetaloxide Nanocomposite on Functionalized Nitrogen Graphene Oxide for Nitrite/Nitrate Detection | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Short Report TriMetaloxide Nanocomposite on Functionalized Nitrogen Graphene Oxide for Nitrite/Nitrate Detection Jayashree manjunath, Manjunatha C V, Venkataramanappa Y This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9234686/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Revision Version 1 posted 14 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract A ternary Co–Ni–ZnO decorated nitrogen graphene oxide ( Co–Ni–ZnO/NGO ) nanocomposite was synthesized using an elementary and cost-effective method for electrochemical nitrite detection. UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) were used to assess the structural and morphological characteristics of the fabricated material. Co–Ni–ZnO nanoparticles with a large surface area and enhanced electron transport kinetics were found to be uniformly spaced over NGO sheets, based on SEM pictures. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) were used to examine the electrochemical sensing capabilities of the Co–Ni–ZnO/NGO modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). When it came to nitrite oxidation, the sensor demonstrated outstanding electrocatalytic performance. With an enlarged detection range of 1.5–78 µM, a linear connection between current response and nitrite concentration was found in the range of 1–50 µM (R 2 = 0.99154). The sensor displayed a high sensitivity of 1.945 µA µM⁻¹ cm⁻² and a low detection limit of 3.87 nM. These results indicate that the developed nanocomposite is a promising material for sensitive and selective nitrite detection in environmental and food samples. Co-Ni-ZnO/NGO (Cobalt – nickel – zinc oxide functionalized on nitrogen graphene oxide) electrochemical sensor trimetal oxide glassy carbon electrode nitrite Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Revision Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 26 Apr, 2026 Reviews received at journal 15 Apr, 2026 Reviews received at journal 11 Apr, 2026 Reviews received at journal 07 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 05 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 03 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 02 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 01 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 31 Mar, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 31 Mar, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 31 Mar, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 30 Mar, 2026 Submission checks completed at journal 30 Mar, 2026 First submitted to journal 26 Mar, 2026 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-9234686","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Short Report","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":617819696,"identity":"b63acf8d-6740-42ca-9a7f-d283ef497fe8","order_by":0,"name":"Jayashree manjunath","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"NMKRV College","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jayashree","middleName":"","lastName":"manjunath","suffix":""},{"id":617819697,"identity":"4612cbb7-8686-47a1-9986-fe69138d6783","order_by":1,"name":"Manjunatha C V","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"NMKRV College","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Manjunatha","middleName":"C","lastName":"V","suffix":""},{"id":617819698,"identity":"fc3eea4f-9b55-4e3b-8d7f-297e72d5a772","order_by":2,"name":"Venkataramanappa Y","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAwklEQVRIiWNgGAWjYNCCAwwM/CA6oYAULZINIC0GpGgxOABiEKPF4Ebus0c3ztxL3Hx+deKHBwYM8vxiBwhpSTc3zrlRnLjtxtvNEkCHGc6cnUBAy5ljbNI5HxKMzW6c3QDSkmBwm1gtxjPObv5BnJbjbUAtNxLkDPh7txFniyRYy5kEOYkbvNssEgwkCPuF7zAbUMuxBB7+/rObb/6osJHnlyagReEAjCUBVimBXzkIyDfAWPwHcKsaBaNgFIyCkQ0A3oxGkZfrclUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"NMKRV College","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Venkataramanappa","middleName":"","lastName":"Y","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-03-26 13:23:46","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9234686/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9234686/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":106403771,"identity":"9f5ae67d-ec53-451f-a6c3-b6da8a7eaade","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-08 09:14:57","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1112349,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9234686/v1_covered_e1ee2b18-5b6a-48a0-9695-af0bd9bbf2d1.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"TriMetaloxide Nanocomposite on Functionalized Nitrogen Graphene Oxide for Nitrite/Nitrate Detection","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"ionics","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":" Learn more about [Ionics](https://www.springer.com/journal/11581) ","snPcode":"11581","submissionUrl":"https://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/ionics","title":"Ionics","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Co-Ni-ZnO/NGO (Cobalt – nickel – zinc oxide functionalized on nitrogen graphene oxide), electrochemical sensor, trimetal oxide, glassy carbon electrode, nitrite","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9234686/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9234686/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eA ternary Co\u0026ndash;Ni\u0026ndash;ZnO decorated nitrogen graphene oxide \u003cb\u003e(\u003c/b\u003eCo\u0026ndash;Ni\u0026ndash;ZnO/NGO\u003cb\u003e)\u003c/b\u003e nanocomposite was synthesized using an elementary and cost-effective method for electrochemical nitrite detection. UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) were used to assess the structural and morphological characteristics of the fabricated material. Co\u0026ndash;Ni\u0026ndash;ZnO nanoparticles with a large surface area and enhanced electron transport kinetics were found to be uniformly spaced over NGO sheets, based on SEM pictures. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) were used to examine the electrochemical sensing capabilities of the Co\u0026ndash;Ni\u0026ndash;ZnO/NGO modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). When it came to nitrite oxidation, the sensor demonstrated outstanding electrocatalytic performance. With an enlarged detection range of 1.5\u0026ndash;78 \u0026micro;M, a linear connection between current response and nitrite concentration was found in the range of 1\u0026ndash;50 \u0026micro;M (R\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.99154). The sensor displayed a high sensitivity of 1.945 \u0026micro;A \u0026micro;M⁻\u0026sup1; cm⁻\u0026sup2; and a low detection limit of 3.87 nM. These results indicate that the developed nanocomposite is a promising material for sensitive and selective nitrite detection in environmental and food samples.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"TriMetaloxide Nanocomposite on Functionalized Nitrogen Graphene Oxide for Nitrite/Nitrate Detection","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-04-06 20:00:49","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9234686/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2026-04-26T10:58:39+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-04-15T09:30:19+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-04-11T05:45:11+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-04-07T09:51:28+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"14015467235440477795903651996071451386","date":"2026-04-05T14:58:46+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"201884490922714240970489953150013071280","date":"2026-04-03T05:45:10+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"335763759396216408145448117500316485971","date":"2026-04-02T06:28:13+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"99487354223713316240558757887164448397","date":"2026-04-01T09:12:48+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"319580267373997073057543790929340186332","date":"2026-04-01T01:34:46+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"260571405290306563169640589512142230060","date":"2026-03-31T20:47:08+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2026-03-31T14:52:27+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2026-03-31T01:13:15+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2026-03-31T01:12:18+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Ionics","date":"2026-03-26T13:09:24+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"ionics","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":" Learn more about [Ionics](https://www.springer.com/journal/11581) ","snPcode":"11581","submissionUrl":"https://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/ionics","title":"Ionics","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"82bb563e-e0ec-40a6-9370-eeefc99e835a","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 6th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"in-revision","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-04-26T11:09:11+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-04-06 20:00:49","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-9234686","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-9234686","identity":"rs-9234686","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}