Comparison of Gene Expression between Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyposis and without Nasal Polyposis

Objectives We aimed to compare the gene expression between chronic sinusitis with nasal polyposis and chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyposis either eosinophilic or not. Background Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the nasal cavity and sinus mucosa. CRS mainly presents as phenotypes, namely, CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) and CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), based on whether it is accompanied by polyps or not. Micro-array analyses investigating the immune endo-types and pathogenesis of CRSwNP typically rely on invasive nasal biopsies. Methods This prospective randomized study was conducted on 150 patients with chronic nasal obstruction (more than 3 months). These group of patients consisted of four groups as CRSwNP patients (including eosinophilic CRSwNP [ECRSwNP] and non-eosinophilic CRSwNP [NECRSwNP]) and CRSsNP patients including eosinophilic CRSwNP [ECRSwNP] and non-eosinophilic CRSwNP [NECRSwNP]) for protein quantification by COLOC platform and gene expression evaluation by RNA-sequencing. Spearman’s analysis was performed to detect correlations between protein expression levels and clinical assessment variables. Results There were female predominance in eosinophilic CRS plus higher CT score in ECRSwNP than NECRSwNP. There was also higher SNOT-22 score in ECRSwNP than NECRSwNP. There were significant differences in all items of SNOT-22 scale after nasal polypectomy. The prevalence of the condition/disease is assumed to be 0.1. The sensitivity of 0.1 with 90% power, the specificity was 85%. Conclusion Our study revealed that there are higher recurrence, rate of manifestations for the patients with genetic predisposition of CCL18 and CCL13 more than others.