Analysis of attenuation coefficients of B2O3-Bi2O3-BaO-PbO2-Eu2O3 glass system using gamma sources: Experimental study

Analysis of attenuation coefficients of B2O3-Bi2O3-BaO-PbO2-Eu2O3 glass system using gamma sources: Experimental study | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Analysis of attenuation coefficients of B 2 O 3 -Bi 2 O 3 -BaO-PbO 2 -Eu 2 O 3 glass system using gamma sources: Experimental study M. Elsafi, A. M.Shams Issa, Heryanto Heryanto, M. I. Sayyed This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7237157/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 14 Mar, 2026 Read the published version in Discover Materials → Version 1 posted 12 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The purpose of this work is to investigate the gamma radiation shielding capabilities of glass samples composed of B 2 O 3 -Bi 2 O 3 -BaO-PbO 2 -Eu 2 O 3 . For determining the radiation shielding properties, theoretical calculations were performed with the assistance of specialised software (Phy-X/PSD). The gamma-ray energy that were released by certain radiation sources ( 137 Cs and 60 Co) were captured by a semiconductor detector system during the experimental measurements that were carried out. These energies were measured at 0.662, 1.173, and 1.332 MeV. A narrow beam geometry was created with the use of a collimator to improve the precision of the results. The results of the experimental linear attenuation coefficient (G LAC ) enabled the determination of half and tenth layer thickness values (G HVL and G TVL ), as well as the mean free path (G MFP ). These data indicate a rise in G LAC values with an increasing PbO 2 ratio in glasses; nevertheless, they demonstrate a reduction with growing photon energy. In contrast, G MFP , G HVL , G TVL , and d Pb values rise with rising energy levels, whereas they decrease with elevated PbO 2 ratios in the produced glasses. The comparison of gamma radiation shielding characteristics, both experimental and theoretical, reveals a consistent connection, confirming their trustworthiness and alignment. Gamma sources HPGe-detector Attenuation coefficient Experimental study Half value layer Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 14 Mar, 2026 Read the published version in Discover Materials → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 23 Sep, 2025 Reviews received at journal 20 Sep, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 09 Sep, 2025 Reviews received at journal 07 Sep, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 07 Sep, 2025 Reviews received at journal 05 Sep, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 05 Sep, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 05 Sep, 2025 Editor invited by journal 29 Aug, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 12 Aug, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 12 Aug, 2025 First submitted to journal 28 Jul, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7237157","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":512798822,"identity":"c3b9b5e7-9721-4e1f-8a57-2ee9d42cd8b2","order_by":0,"name":"M. 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For determining the radiation shielding properties, theoretical calculations were performed with the assistance of specialised software (Phy-X/PSD). The gamma-ray energy that were released by certain radiation sources (\u003csup\u003e137\u003c/sup\u003eCs and \u003csup\u003e60\u003c/sup\u003eCo) were captured by a semiconductor detector system during the experimental measurements that were carried out. These energies were measured at 0.662, 1.173, and 1.332 MeV. A narrow beam geometry was created with the use of a collimator to improve the precision of the results. The results of the experimental linear attenuation coefficient (G\u003csub\u003eLAC\u003c/sub\u003e) enabled the determination of half and tenth layer thickness values (G\u003csub\u003eHVL\u003c/sub\u003e and G\u003csub\u003eTVL\u003c/sub\u003e), as well as the mean free path (G\u003csub\u003eMFP\u003c/sub\u003e). These data indicate a rise in G\u003csub\u003eLAC\u003c/sub\u003e values with an increasing PbO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e ratio in glasses; nevertheless, they demonstrate a reduction with growing photon energy. In contrast, G\u003csub\u003eMFP\u003c/sub\u003e, G\u003csub\u003eHVL\u003c/sub\u003e, G\u003csub\u003eTVL\u003c/sub\u003e, and d\u003csub\u003ePb\u003c/sub\u003e values rise with rising energy levels, whereas they decrease with elevated PbO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e ratios in the produced glasses. The comparison of gamma radiation shielding characteristics, both experimental and theoretical, reveals a consistent connection, confirming their trustworthiness and alignment.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Analysis of attenuation coefficients of B2O3-Bi2O3-BaO-PbO2-Eu2O3 glass system using gamma sources: Experimental study","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-09-12 06:46:55","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7237157/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-09-23T05:47:03+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-09-21T03:06:25+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"290119229201831451575198231554657318942","date":"2025-09-10T02:37:48+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-09-07T17:02:07+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"75086655736731172038258297113584570193","date":"2025-09-07T16:45:37+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-09-05T16:13:06+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"223520911942426074970930996424026183243","date":"2025-09-05T16:01:09+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-09-05T06:29:10+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2025-08-29T13:21:47+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-08-12T07:33:49+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-08-12T07:32:56+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Discover Materials","date":"2025-07-28T20:44:52+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"discover-materials","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"dime","sideBox":"Learn more about [Discover Materials](https://www.springer.com/journal/43939)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Discover Materials","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Discover Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"3d6f7791-75a2-44d8-a71c-f01da6115996","owner":[],"postedDate":"September 12th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-03-16T16:09:08+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-7237157","link":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43939-026-00573-y","journal":{"identity":"discover-materials","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Discover Materials"},"publishedOn":"2026-03-14 16:00:25","publishedOnDateReadable":"March 14th, 2026"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-09-12 06:46:55","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1007/s43939-026-00573-y","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43939-026-00573-y","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7237157","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7237157","identity":"rs-7237157","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}