Experimental Evaluation of Improved Biogas Injera Baking Stove

Experimental Evaluation of Improved Biogas Injera Baking Stove | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Experimental Evaluation of Improved Biogas Injera Baking Stove Taha Abdella, Demiss Alemu, Kamil Dino This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5278394/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Baking and cooking are the daily human activity that needs energy. The main sources of energy for baking injera are biomass and electricity. Wood is the dominating energy source in Ethiopia for baking injera. The existing three stone biomass based clay baking pan results in a loss of a major portion of the supplied energy and the baking process also results in significant amounts of indoor air pollution and emission of greenhouse gas (GHG). There are several attempts to improve heat distribution of biogas injera stove. However, still there is need to improve performance of baking pan. Thus this study aims to design, manufacture biogas injera baking stove and improve heat distribution of the baking pan to bake culturally accepted injera. The stove is manufactured in the metal workshop from mild steel of 1.5mm thickness. A clay baking pan of 460mm in diameter and 15mm thick is used for this specific study to improve heat distribution and baking performance. The designed biogas injera baking stove is with new burner with better thermal combustion efficiency and has been tested experimentally using a small household biogas plant of 10m 3 , located, in Ethiopia and Sebeta town. The result indicates that this injera baking biogas stove improved heat distribution throughout the baking pan and can bake injera of 400mm diameter. Biogas Stove Baking Pan Heat Distribution Injera Performance Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5278394","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":367098615,"identity":"ca0f7e18-af5d-401c-bc29-cc4815161ecd","order_by":0,"name":"Taha Abdella","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA+UlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFACHgYGxgZmHn5mxvYfH4B8NnaCGqBaJNubD0jOAGlhJlILg8GZYwnSPCAhQlrs2c8e/PBzh7UMw40cA2ObX9vk+ZgZGD98zMFjC09esmTvmXQexhk5Bsm5fbcN25gZmCVnbsPnsBwDCd62wzzMEjkGh3N7bjMCtbAx8+LTwv/G+OdfoBY2iRzDZsue2/aEtUjkmEmDbOHhOZbMzPDjdiJhLTfemFnLAv0iwd58jLG34XZyGzNjM16/sPfnGN98u8Pa3v4wYxvDjz+3bee3Nx/88BGPFlQA1AUiG4hVDwJ/SFE8CkbBKBgFIwUAAESpTPGRzQIZAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Addis Ababa University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Taha","middleName":"","lastName":"Abdella","suffix":""},{"id":367098616,"identity":"c4082ff4-4070-4e03-b736-939690824785","order_by":1,"name":"Demiss Alemu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Addis Ababa University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Demiss","middleName":"","lastName":"Alemu","suffix":""},{"id":367098617,"identity":"5e9e2404-54ad-4655-b4b1-b14f2d8b5acc","order_by":2,"name":"Kamil Dino","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Addis Ababa University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Kamil","middleName":"","lastName":"Dino","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-10-16 21:08:24","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5278394/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5278394/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":66920333,"identity":"d0b7681e-89ca-4c00-8eac-d1658f29d028","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-10-18 04:09:59","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":654666,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Articel011.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5278394/v1_covered_83adcb8b-eb70-48fe-866a-bb4ef73fcf95.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Experimental Evaluation of Improved Biogas Injera Baking Stove","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Biogas Stove, Baking Pan, Heat Distribution, Injera, Performance","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5278394/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5278394/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eBaking and cooking are the daily human activity that needs energy. The main sources of energy for baking injera are biomass and electricity. Wood is the dominating energy source in Ethiopia for baking injera. The existing three stone biomass based clay baking pan results in a loss of a major portion of the supplied energy and the baking process also results in significant amounts of indoor air pollution and emission of greenhouse gas (GHG). There are several attempts to improve heat distribution of biogas injera stove. However, still there is need to improve performance of baking pan. Thus this study aims to design, manufacture biogas injera baking stove and improve heat distribution of the baking pan to bake culturally accepted injera. The stove is manufactured in the metal workshop from mild steel of 1.5mm thickness. A clay baking pan of 460mm in diameter and 15mm thick is used for this specific study to improve heat distribution and baking performance. The designed biogas injera baking stove is with new burner with better thermal combustion efficiency and has been tested experimentally using a small household biogas plant of 10m\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e, located, in Ethiopia and Sebeta town. The result indicates that this injera baking biogas stove improved heat distribution throughout the baking pan and can bake injera of 400mm diameter.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Experimental Evaluation of Improved Biogas Injera Baking Stove","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-10-18 04:01:51","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5278394/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"8af48ebd-70e9-4caf-ac68-aeefc729135c","owner":[],"postedDate":"October 18th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-10-18T04:01:52+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-10-18 04:01:51","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-5278394","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-5278394","identity":"rs-5278394","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}