Isolation And Characterization of Biopolymers From Chenopodium Quinoa And Their Immunostimulatory Activity

Abstract Non-starch polysaccharides derived from natural resources play a significant role in the field of food science and human health due to their extensive distribution in nature and less toxicity. In this order, the immunostimulatory activity of a non-starch polysaccharide (CQNP) from Chenopodium quinoa was examined before and after and deproteination in murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells. The chemical composition of CQNP and deproteinated- CQNP (D-CQNP) were spectrometrically analysed that revealed the presence of carbohydrate (22.7 ± 0.8% and 39.5± 0.8%), protein (41.4± 0.8% and 20.8± 0.5%) and uronic acid (8.7±0.8% and 6.7± 0.2%). The monosaccharide composition results exposed that CQNP possesses a high amount of arabinose (34.5±0.3) followed by galactose (26.5±0.2), glucose (21.9±0.3), rhamnose (7.0±0.1), mannose (6.0±0.1) and xylose (4.2±0.2). However, after deproteination, a difference was found in the order of the monosaccharide components, with galactose (41.1±0.5) as a major unit followed by arabinose (34.7±0.5), rhamnose (10.9±0.2), glucose (6.6±0.2), mannose (3.4±0.2) and xylose (3.2±0.2). Further, D-CQNP potentially stimulate the RAW 264.7 cells through the production of nitric oxide (NO), upregulating inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and various pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Moreover, stimulation of RAW 264.7 cells by D-CQNP takes place along the NF-κB and the MAPKs signaling pathways through the expression of CD40.