A comparative study on the effect of rice husk ash,nano-SiO2, and nano-Al2O3 on the mechanicalproperties and durability of concrete: A case study of Caspian seawater curing condition

Various studies have been recently conducted aiming at developing more sustainable cementitious systems so that concrete structures may not have a negative effect on the environment and are decomposed. It has been attempted to build sustainable binders by substituting silica fume (SF), cement with fly ash (FA), nano-silica, nano-alumina, and rice husk ash (RHA). In the present work, a comparative investigation of the impact of nano-silica, rice husk ash, and nano-alumina on concrete incorporating single ordinary cement is conducted. The experimental program included mechanical properties as well as tests for density, workability, rapid chloride ion penetration, and water permeability under Caspian seawater curing conditions.