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This cross-sectional study of 236 reproductive-aged students found a 9.3% prevalence of uterine pathologies, including rare adenomyosis, which were associated with low physical activity and increased uterine volume but not menstrual characteristics.
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by qwen3.7-flash, 2026-10-07
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This cross-sectional study evaluated the prevalence of uterine pathologies and their association with menstrual characteristics, lifestyle factors, and uterine morphometry among 236 reproductive-aged university students in Nigeria. Ultrasound examinations revealed a global pathology prevalence of 9.3%, with fibroids being the most common finding at 5.1% and adenomyosis present in only 1.3% of participants. The researchers found no significant links between uterine conditions and menstrual symptoms such as pain or cycle regularity, but did identify an association with low physical activity levels and increased uterine volume. Relevance to endometriosis: adenomyosis is listed as a detected condition within the broader category of uterine pathologies, although the paper's primary focus is on general uterine disease prevalence rather than specific endometriosis research.
Abstract
Objective: Uterine pathologies contribute to gynecological morbidity but remain understudied in young populations in sub-Saharan Africa. This study investigated the prevalence of uterine pathologies and examined their associations with menstrual characteristics, lifestyle factors, and uterine morphometry among reproductive-aged students. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 236 female students aged 15–49 years from Nnamdi Azikiwe University. Data on menstrual history and lifestyle factors were collected using a questionnaire, while pelvic ultrasonography was used to assess uterine pathologies and morphometry. Associations were evaluated using Fisher’s exact test and Mann–Whitney U test, with statistical significance set at p<0.05. Results: The prevalence of any uterine pathology was 9.3%, with fibroids being the most common (5.1%) and adenomyosis rare (1.3%). No significant associations were observed between uterine pathology and menstrual cycle regularity, cycle length, menstrual pain, or overall symptom burden (p>0.05). Among lifestyle factors, low physical activity was significantly associated with higher prevalence of uterine pathology (13.7% vs 3.9%, p=0.012). Participants with uterine pathology demonstrated significantly greater uterine volume (p=0.027) and cervical anteroposterior diameter (p=0.014), while other morphometric parameters showed no significant differences. Conclusions: Uterine pathologies were relatively uncommon and not associated with menstrual characteristics in this young population, suggesting that such conditions may remain clinically silent in early reproductive life. The association with low physical activity highlights a potential modifiable factor, while morphometric differences indicate early structural changes detectable by ultrasound. Further longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the natural history and determinants of uterine pathology in young women.
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Prevalencia y correlatos menstruales de las patologías uterinas detectadas por ecografía en estudiantes universitarias en edad reproductiva
Resumen
Objetivo: Las patologías uterinas contribuyen de forma significativa a la morbilidad ginecológica, pero permanecen insuficientemente estudiadas en poblaciones jóvenes del África subsahariana. Este estudio investigó la prevalencia de las patologías uterinas y examinó su asociación con las características menstruales, los factores de estilo de vida y la morfometría uterina en estudiantes en edad reproductiva.
Materiales y métodos: Este estudio transversal incluyó a 236 estudiantes mujeres de entre 15 y 49 años de la Universidad Nnamdi Azikiwe. Los datos sobre la historia menstrual y los factores de estilo de vida se recopilaron mediante un cuestionario, mientras que la ultrasonografía pélvica se utilizó para evaluar las patologías uterinas y la morfometría uterina. Las asociaciones se evaluaron mediante la prueba exacta de Fisher y la prueba U de Mann–Whitney, estableciéndose la significación estadística en p < 0,05.
Resultados: La prevalencia global de cualquier patología uterina fue del 9,3 %, siendo los fibromas la entidad más frecuente (5,1 %) y la adenomiosis poco común (1,3 %). No se observaron asociaciones significativas entre la presencia de patología uterina y la regularidad del ciclo menstrual, la duración del ciclo, el dolor menstrual ni la carga global de síntomas (p > 0,05). Entre los factores de estilo de vida, un bajo nivel de actividad física se asoció significativamente con una mayor prevalencia de patología uterina (13,7 % frente a 3,9 %, p = 0,012). Las participantes con patología uterina presentaron un volumen uterino significativamente mayor (p = 0,027) y un mayor diámetro anteroposterior cervical (p = 0,014), mientras que otros parámetros morfométricos no mostraron diferencias significativas.
Conclusiones: Las patologías uterinas fueron relativamente poco frecuentes y no se asociaron con las características menstruales en esta población joven, lo que sugiere que estas condiciones pueden permanecer clínicamente silentes en las primeras etapas de la vida reproductiva. La asociación con un bajo nivel de actividad física destaca un posible factor modificable, mientras que las diferencias morfométricas indican cambios estructurales tempranos detectables mediante ultrasonografía. Se requieren estudios longitudinales adicionales para esclarecer la historia natural y los determinantes de la patología uterina en mujeres jóvenes.
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