A Novel Lightweight Authentication Approach for Audio Signals in Wireless Acoustic Sensor Networks

A Novel Lightweight Authentication Approach for Audio Signals in Wireless Acoustic Sensor Networks | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article A Novel Lightweight Authentication Approach for Audio Signals in Wireless Acoustic Sensor Networks Utpal Ghosh This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6908436/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This research introduces a unique method for verifying the authenticity of audio signals transmitted over Wireless Acoustic Sensor Networks (WASN). By applying dual number matrix and dual polynomial theory, the system transforms raw audio data into a structured mathematical format that helps detect any tampering during transmission. Each audio sample is represented using dual number matrices and authentication is verified through dual polynomial equations. If the transmitted signal deviates from expected mathematical patterns, the system flags it as potentially forged. This method not only strengthens the integrity of audio communication but also provides a reliable tool to combat issues like audio forgery, spoofing and unauthorized access. To evaluate the system’s effectiveness, several .wav audio files were tested using metrics such as sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. Results showed a peak accuracy of 99.2%, with consistently high performance across diverse scenarios. Compared to existing audio authentication techniques, this approach offers a stronger, more precise safeguard—especially critical in legal, forensic and secure communication contexts. Overall, the proposed solution combines mathematical rigor with real-world applicability, offering a dependable means of securing audio data in modern networked environments. audio authentication WASN dual number matrix dual polynomial analysis secure audio transmission signal integrity Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6908436","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":477051354,"identity":"2067a504-b2a7-4b5b-8b95-1187d4066dd5","order_by":0,"name":"Utpal Ghosh","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA/UlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYLCCBwwHGBgk+B8++ADksLETUs4GxAlgLTzMhjNAAswkaGGT5gGJENJicL/34IeEX3fk5Gf3Hja2+bVNno+ZgfHDxxw8Wo7xJUsk9j0zNrhzLvFxbt9twzZmBmbJmdvwaeExkEjsOZy4QSLB2Di35zYjUAsbMy9+LcY/QFrmz0gwk7bsuW1PjBYziYQfhxMbbuSYSTP8uJ1IUIvksbw0i8SGw8YGN9KSDXsbbie3MTM24/UL3+Gzh298+HNYTn5G8sEHP/7ctp3f3nzww0c8WhgYgHHB2AZlQxiMDfjUQ7Qw/IFx/uBROApGwSgYBSMWAAB6AljPZU8U3QAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Vidyasagar University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Utpal","middleName":"","lastName":"Ghosh","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-06-16 20:38:07","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":{"humanSubjects":false,"vertebrateSubjects":false,"conflictsOfInterestStatement":false,"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false,"humanSubjectConsent":false,"humanSubjectClinicalTrial":false,"humanSubjectCaseReport":false,"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false},"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6908436/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6908436/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":91343314,"identity":"9d3d1ef2-407c-4900-9c1b-494c1d15e941","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-15 13:32:11","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":777823,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"AuthenticationWASN.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6908436/v1_covered_90b4c337-71c6-400c-9818-1620e7272b39.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"A Novel Lightweight Authentication Approach for Audio Signals in Wireless Acoustic Sensor Networks","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":true,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"audio authentication, WASN, dual number matrix, dual polynomial analysis, secure audio transmission, signal integrity","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6908436/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6908436/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThis research introduces a unique method for verifying the authenticity of audio signals transmitted over Wireless Acoustic Sensor Networks (WASN). By applying dual number matrix and dual polynomial theory, the system transforms raw audio data into a structured mathematical format that helps detect any tampering during transmission. Each audio sample is represented using dual number matrices and authentication is verified through dual polynomial equations. If the transmitted signal deviates from expected mathematical patterns, the system flags it as potentially forged. This method not only strengthens the integrity of audio communication but also provides a reliable tool to combat issues like audio forgery, spoofing and unauthorized access. To evaluate the system\u0026rsquo;s effectiveness, several .wav audio files were tested using metrics such as sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. Results showed a peak accuracy of 99.2%, with consistently high performance across diverse scenarios. 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