Accelerating Southern Ocean Sea Ice Decline due to Cloud-Climate Feedbacks | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Accelerating Southern Ocean Sea Ice Decline due to Cloud-Climate Feedbacks Dae-Won Kim, Martina Zapponini, Thomas Jung, Myeong-Hyeon Kim, and 9 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7325013/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract After decades of stability, Southern Ocean sea ice has recently experienced an abrupt decline, with uncertain future behaviour. Using high-resolution climate simulations, we identify a seasonally modulated cascade of feedbacks driving rapid sea ice loss, especially in the Weddell Sea. Anthropogenic warming reduces sea ice, enhancing ocean heat release in warm seasons, which warms and moistens the atmospheric boundary layer in cold seasons. This increases mid-level cloud cover and longwave radiative warming, suppressing spring sea ice formation and activating the sea ice-albedo feedback. Current ocean warming trends indicate this transition threshold is nearly reached. These findings highlight a potential near-term regime shift in Southern Ocean sea ice, emphasising the importance of monitoring ocean-atmosphere interactions and cloud feedbacks to understand implications for regional and global climate change. Earth and environmental sciences/Climate sciences/Climate change/Climate and Earth system modelling Earth and environmental sciences/Climate sciences/Climate change/Projection and prediction Earth and environmental sciences/Climate sciences/Atmospheric science/Atmospheric dynamics Earth and environmental sciences/Climate sciences/Ocean sciences/Physical oceanography Earth and environmental sciences/Climate sciences/Cryospheric science Full Text Additional Declarations There is NO Competing Interest. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7325013","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":578827125,"identity":"ac321b09-ade0-459d-901c-8b222436a55b","order_by":0,"name":"Dae-Won Kim","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3123-5334","institution":"IBS Center for Climate Physics, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea; Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Dae-Won","middleName":"","lastName":"Kim","suffix":""},{"id":578827126,"identity":"e69ad1c2-fbf1-4501-811e-a990fb15038b","order_by":1,"name":"Martina Zapponini","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0391-4091","institution":"Climate Dynamics Department, Climate Sciences Division, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, 27570, Germany","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Martina","middleName":"","lastName":"Zapponini","suffix":""},{"id":578827127,"identity":"ccb69f40-3f67-4141-bc24-9acebb1a5cef","order_by":2,"name":"Thomas Jung","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2651-1293","institution":"Climate Dynamics Department, Climate Sciences Division, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, 27570, Germany; Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering, University of Bremen, 28359, Bremen, Germany","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Thomas","middleName":"","lastName":"Jung","suffix":""},{"id":578827128,"identity":"bdf2c05c-4235-4bd2-b540-0548bfc64315","order_by":3,"name":"Myeong-Hyeon Kim","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5973-868X","institution":"IBS Center for Climate Physics, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea; Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Myeong-Hyeon","middleName":"","lastName":"Kim","suffix":""},{"id":578827129,"identity":"c94ec173-c5cc-42ff-9bfd-2ce062db5a6a","order_by":4,"name":"Nikolay Koldunov","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3365-8146","institution":"Climate Dynamics Department, Climate Sciences Division, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, 27570, Germany","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Nikolay","middleName":"","lastName":"Koldunov","suffix":""},{"id":578827130,"identity":"b6f7f993-a313-4481-9b2a-6ddfa3e7fa04","order_by":5,"name":"Navajyoth Puthiyaveettil","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"IBS Center for Climate Physics, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea; Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Navajyoth","middleName":"","lastName":"Puthiyaveettil","suffix":""},{"id":578827131,"identity":"8a1b23d1-cb9c-4ba0-be18-4bf976d754b1","order_by":6,"name":"Sahil Sharma","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0310-1531","institution":"IBS Center for Climate Physics, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea; Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Sahil","middleName":"","lastName":"Sharma","suffix":""},{"id":578827132,"identity":"dd2c3c70-a071-4641-8155-6a93460944a3","order_by":7,"name":"Dimitry Sidorenko","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Climate Dynamics Department, Climate Sciences Division, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, 27570, Germany","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Dimitry","middleName":"","lastName":"Sidorenko","suffix":""},{"id":578827133,"identity":"046d05db-3039-4424-bbaa-fc3ac890c10e","order_by":8,"name":"Nitesh Sinha","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"IBS Center for Climate Physics, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea; Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Nitesh","middleName":"","lastName":"Sinha","suffix":""},{"id":578827134,"identity":"85191289-71d2-49d8-b675-cea422758f41","order_by":9,"name":"Jan Streffing","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Climate Dynamics Department, Climate Sciences Division, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, 27570, Germany; Paleoclimate Dynamics Department, Climate Sciences Division, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, 27570, Germany","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jan","middleName":"","lastName":"Streffing","suffix":""},{"id":578827135,"identity":"c6f8b75c-4f16-4489-a540-3c79493bc1b8","order_by":10,"name":"Axel Timmermann","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0657-2969","institution":"IBS Center for Climate Physics, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea; Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Axel","middleName":"","lastName":"Timmermann","suffix":""},{"id":578827124,"identity":"28f7f55c-4a73-4833-8ed0-75c1c790aba5","order_by":11,"name":"Tido Semmler","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA1ElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDACZgYDCIMdiD9ARPADHrgWoErGGQwMEoS1MCBpYeYBaSEE7NmZNz5g+GMTrdvMfOyzbY5NHQM78wECDmMrNmBsS8vddpgteXbutjSgw9gSCGjhMZNgbDgM1MJjzAwkgVp4DAhrYfjzH6iY/zOz5bb/QC38H4jQwnYAZAszM+O2AxLgQMCr5TDQL4ltySC/GDP2bkuWbGNmw+8w9v7DGx98+GOXu+1482OGn9vs+Pn5Dz/Abw0IJCBz2AirHwWjYBSMglFACAAAkAk4PgiipB8AAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2254-4901","institution":"Climate Dynamics Department, Climate Sciences Division, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, 27570, Germany; Met Éireann, 65-67 Glasnevin Hill, D09 Y921, Dublin, Ireland","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Tido","middleName":"","lastName":"Semmler","suffix":""},{"id":578827136,"identity":"1d5f25ea-c265-47f7-b097-0eba5059b514","order_by":12,"name":"Wonsun Park","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAx0lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYJACxoYKBMeASC1nSNbS2EaKFoPbzc8+zpx3J3F++9kDDD9qGIzNGwhpuXPMeObGbc8SN5zJS2DsOcZgJnOAgBazGwnGjA+3HU7cwJBjwMDbwGAjQchhZjfSPzM+nHM4cX7/GwPGv8RpyTFm3NhwOLHhRo4BM9AWM4Ja7O+cKWacceyZ8YYbbwwOyxyTMCaoRXJ2+2bGnpo7svP7cwwfvqmxMZxBSAsDxNADMJKgHWhaRsEoGAWjYBRgBQBoT0RYq1tqWAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6345-8428","institution":"IBS Center for Climate Physics, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea; Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Wonsun","middleName":"","lastName":"Park","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-08-08 08:15:08","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7325013/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7325013/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":108804209,"identity":"821a38e8-8f7a-45fd-9d81-276d98f235e1","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-05-08 15:17:58","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1646876,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"SouthernOceanseaiceNCCfinal.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7325013/v1_covered_beff3161-b331-42c1-a48f-8fdf4134fa46.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"There is \u003cb\u003eNO\u003c/b\u003e Competing Interest.","formattedTitle":"Accelerating Southern Ocean Sea Ice Decline due to Cloud-Climate Feedbacks","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"
[email protected]","identity":"nature-portfolio","isNatureJournal":true,"hasQc":false,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Nature Portfolio","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":false,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"ejp","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7325013/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7325013/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"After decades of stability, Southern Ocean sea ice has recently experienced an abrupt decline, with uncertain future behaviour. Using high-resolution climate simulations, we identify a seasonally modulated cascade of feedbacks driving rapid sea ice loss, especially in the Weddell Sea. Anthropogenic warming reduces sea ice, enhancing ocean heat release in warm seasons, which warms and moistens the atmospheric boundary layer in cold seasons. This increases mid-level cloud cover and longwave radiative warming, suppressing spring sea ice formation and activating the sea ice-albedo feedback. Current ocean warming trends indicate this transition threshold is nearly reached. These findings highlight a potential near-term regime shift in Southern Ocean sea ice, emphasising the importance of monitoring ocean-atmosphere interactions and cloud feedbacks to understand implications for regional and global climate change.","manuscriptTitle":"Accelerating Southern Ocean Sea Ice Decline due to Cloud-Climate Feedbacks","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-01-23 08:11:28","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7325013/v1","editorialEvents":[],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"
[email protected]","identity":"nature-climate-change","isNatureJournal":true,"hasQc":false,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"nclimate","sideBox":"Learn more about [Nature Climate Change](http://www.nature.com/nclimate/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Nature Climate Change","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"ejp","reportingPortfolio":"Nature Research","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"44e2fd34-cf4a-4cfa-885d-c0cab250c10c","owner":[],"postedDate":"January 23rd, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[{"id":61586948,"name":"Earth and environmental sciences/Climate sciences/Climate change/Climate and Earth system modelling"},{"id":61586949,"name":"Earth and environmental sciences/Climate sciences/Climate change/Projection and prediction"},{"id":61586950,"name":"Earth and environmental sciences/Climate sciences/Atmospheric science/Atmospheric dynamics"},{"id":61586951,"name":"Earth and environmental sciences/Climate sciences/Ocean sciences/Physical oceanography"},{"id":61586952,"name":"Earth and environmental sciences/Climate sciences/Cryospheric science"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-05-07T14:11:39+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-01-23 08:11:28","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7325013","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7325013","identity":"rs-7325013","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}
Text is read by the "Ask this paper" AI Q&A widget below.
Extraction quality varies by source — PMC NXML preserves structure
cleanly, OA-HTML may include some navigation residue, and OA-PDF can
have broken hyphenation. The publisher copy
(via DOI)
is the canonical version.