Hunting activity modulates wolves’ activity patterns during pup caring

Hunting activity modulates wolves’ activity patterns during pup caring | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Hunting activity modulates wolves’ activity patterns during pup caring Ilad Gabriel Vivas López, Alicia Zafra, Isabel Barja This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4521551/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Hunting any wildlife species is an anthropogenic pressure that modulates target species populations, affecting phenotype expressions like behavior. Such behavioral adaptations occur in the Iberian wolf ( Canis lupus signatus ), by adjusting its activity pattern and activity level to satisfy living needs. This response is mediated by temporal avoidance mechanisms that can induce physiological alterations in individuals. We have estimated activity levels and activity patterns from 640 camera trapping records of Iberian wolf and 829 of hunting disturbance, for 3 hunting allowed areas and 1 hunting banned area in the Macizo Central Ourensano, along the pup raring season. Wolves were active 10.83 h/day in hunting banned areas, and between 12 and 17.9 h/day in hunting permitted areas. The activity pattern of wolves was cathemeral in all the sampled areas, except for Baldriz, which is a hunting permitted area, where it was mostly nocturnal. Wolves were active up to 7 hours longer in hunting permitted areas than hunting banned areas. Wolf reproductive groups differed in their daily activity pattern due to differential hunting intensity, having activity peaks before noon in protected areas, and at twilight in non-protected areas. There was no change in wolf activity observed in the presence of off-road trucks, compared to the presence of hunting dogs and hunters, which are directly linked to hunting. This revealed that wolves adjust their activity pattern depending on conditions of the habitat such as presence of anthropic disturbances, like hunting, even when the wolf is not a target species. Circadian activity Hunting pressure Camera trapping Canis lupus signatus Mammal behavior Full Text Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4521551","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":328345408,"identity":"338ec698-a88d-4a13-8935-1207aba4e2a7","order_by":0,"name":"Ilad Gabriel Vivas López","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAyElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACNnYGBgkGBgs5EOfAA6K0MIO1SBiDtSQQZQ1US2IDiEOUFj5m5oc3v7ZJpM8PO/wQaIudnG4DQYexGVvLtknkbrydZgDUkmxsdoCgFgYzaYkzQC2zE0BaDiRuI6yF/RtIS7rh7PQPxGrhMZP8UCGRIC+dQ7QtPMXWDBUShhukcwoOJBgQ4Rf59vaNN38Y2MjLz07f/OFDhZ0cQS0gwMwDJAzAKg2IUA4CjD9A1jUQqXoUjIJRMApGHgAA4XM9JMgz6IAAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9748-494X","institution":"Universidad Autonoma de Madrid - Campus de Cantoblanco: Universidad Autonoma de Madrid","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ilad","middleName":"Gabriel Vivas","lastName":"López","suffix":""},{"id":328345409,"identity":"685378c6-f7aa-4f2c-b380-d3c2c5669dee","order_by":1,"name":"Alicia Zafra","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Universidad Autonoma de Madrid - Campus de Cantoblanco: Universidad Autonoma de Madrid","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Alicia","middleName":"","lastName":"Zafra","suffix":""},{"id":328345410,"identity":"ad61a47f-a5b1-4e4f-828c-62821b3489c5","order_by":2,"name":"Isabel Barja","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Universidad Autonoma de Madrid - Campus de Cantoblanco: Universidad Autonoma de Madrid","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Isabel","middleName":"","lastName":"Barja","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-06-03 11:36:35","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4521551/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4521551/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":64559666,"identity":"cc074f54-ba93-4f9d-883d-4bbdeb4fe470","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-09-15 15:47:35","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":600535,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Huntingactivitymodulateswolves.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4521551/v1_covered_95cfbda3-c05a-4489-b6ac-937de72ca2fe.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"Hunting activity modulates wolves’ activity patterns during pup caring","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Circadian activity, Hunting pressure, Camera trapping, Canis lupus signatus, Mammal behavior","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4521551/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4521551/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eHunting any wildlife species is an anthropogenic pressure that modulates target species populations, affecting phenotype expressions like behavior. 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