Tunable Electrocaloric Effect in Lead Scandium Tantalate through Calcium Doping

Tunable Electrocaloric Effect in Lead Scandium Tantalate through Calcium Doping | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Tunable Electrocaloric Effect in Lead Scandium Tantalate through Calcium Doping Youri Nouchokgwe, Natalya Fedorova, Veronika Kovacova, Pranab Biswas, and 13 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8055704/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract State-of-the-art electrocaloric cooling prototypes rely on the conventional electrocaloric effect of ferroelectric lead scandium tantalate, which peaks near room temperature. Here, we demonstrate that A-site calcium doping in highly ordered lead scandium tantalate modifies its phase transitions and enables precise tuning of the electrocaloric response. The transition temperature shifts down to 258K and up to 319K, depending on Ca concentration. Calorimetry under electric field, electrical polarization loops, and piezoresponse force microscopy reveal the emergence of an intermediate antiferroelectric phase stabilized for Ca >= 2%. These results are supported by first-principles calculations. We observe conventional electrocaloric effect for Ca <= 2% and inverse electrocaloric effect at higher doping (4.6% Ca). Under an applied field of 110kV/cm, Ca-doped PST exhibits an adiabatic temperature change of 2K over a range from 263K to 353K. Such Ca-doped PST compounds could be used to expand the temperature range of PST below the freezing point of water. Our results offer a pathway to cascaded electrocaloric cooling devices with extended operating spans. Physical sciences/Materials science/Condensed-matter physics/Ferroelectrics and multiferroics Physical sciences/Physics/Condensed-matter physics/Ferroelectrics and multiferroics Full Text Additional Declarations There is NO Competing Interest. Supplementary Files 2025SupplementaryInfoTunableECEinCadopedPST.pdf Supplementary Information: Tunable Electrocaloric Effect in Lead Scandium Tantalate through Calcium Doping Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8055704","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":545553026,"identity":"000e70fd-d5e8-4188-81e5-d6cf9de2bc0e","order_by":0,"name":"Youri 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Here, we demonstrate that A-site calcium doping in highly ordered lead scandium tantalate modifies its phase transitions and enables precise tuning of the electrocaloric response. The transition temperature shifts down to 258K and up to 319K, depending on Ca concentration. Calorimetry under electric field, electrical polarization loops, and piezoresponse force microscopy reveal the emergence of an intermediate antiferroelectric phase stabilized for Ca \u003e= 2%. These results are supported by first-principles calculations. We observe conventional electrocaloric effect for Ca \u003c= 2% and inverse electrocaloric effect at higher doping (4.6% Ca). Under an applied field of 110kV/cm, Ca-doped PST exhibits an adiabatic temperature change of 2K over a range from 263K to 353K. Such Ca-doped PST compounds could be used to expand the temperature range of PST below the freezing point of water. 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