Exploring Biotic and Abiotic Factors of White Oak (Quercus alba L.) Mortality across the Eastern United States

Understanding the complex interplay of biotic and abiotic factors influencing the white oak mortality rate is crucial for developing effective forest management strategies in the eastern United States. This study examines the influence of biotic and abiotic factors on WOM rates, utilizing a Classification and Regression Tree model to evaluate and rank these factors, providing a prioritized understanding of their relative impacts. Results indicated that biotic factors were more important than abiotic factors influencing WOM rates. Basal area and stand density were the most important variables affecting WOM rates, likely due to their effects on competition and resource availability. The middle tier included terrains and climatic factors that impacted white oaks’ microclimate and stress conditions. At the same time, lower-tier variables, mainly soil texture, moisture, and nutrient availability affected the most to WOM rates. Future research should investigate specific biotic and abiotic interactions under changing climate conditions to enhance forest management practices by addressing potential vulnerabilities to sustain white oak populations across the eastern United States.