not-yet-known not-yet-known not-yet-known unknown ETHNOBOTANY IN INDIA: AN ETHNOBOTANICAL REVIEW OF LITERATURE IN INDIA FROM THE LAST 12 YEARS

not-yet-known not-yet-known not-yet-known unknown ETHNOBOTANY IN INDIA: AN ETHNOBOTANICAL REVIEW OF LITERATURE IN INDIA FROM THE LAST 12 YEARS | Authorea try { document.documentElement.classList.add('js'); } catch (e) { } var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'G-8VDV14Y67G']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); })(); Skip to main content Preprints Collections Wiley Open Research IET Open Research Ecological Society of Japan All Collections About About Authorea FAQs Contact Us Quick Search anywhere Search for preprint articles, keywords, etc. Search Search ADVANCED SEARCH SCROLL This is a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. 3 June 2025 V1 Latest version Share on not-yet-known not-yet-known not-yet-known unknown ETHNOBOTANY IN INDIA: AN ETHNOBOTANICAL REVIEW OF LITERATURE IN INDIA FROM THE LAST 12 YEARS Authors : Bindu P.K 0009-0005-6270-5369 [email protected] , Arun Nair 0009-0004-5333-4650 , and Lakshmi Raj 0009-0007-5559-6971 Authors Info & Affiliations https://doi.org/10.22541/au.174894327.79824683/v1 429 views 227 downloads Contents Abstract Information & Authors Metrics & Citations View Options References Figures Tables Media Share Abstract Ethnobotany is a scientific research field that chronicles indigenous plant knowledge and compiles a list of useful plants among local ethnic communities. This research concentrates on plants used in traditional remedies throughout several countries. Ethnobotany has expanded beyond plant studies to include algae, lichens, and fungi. It is intimately linked to taxonomy, pharmacognosy, phytochemistry, ecology, and conservation biology. Ethnobotanical approaches have resulted in the development of several useful drugs. This review will address ethnobotanical research undertaken in India. INTRODUCTION Ethnobotany can be defined as the study of the ethnobotanical importance of plants. Harshberger (1895) used the term ‘Ethnobotany’ for the first time to describe the use of plants by the aboriginal people. J. W. Harshberger is considered the father of the term ethnobotany in Europe, America, Asia, and Africa (Clement, 1998). Vartak and Gadgil (1980) considered ethnobotany as a branch of economic botany that deals with the role of plants in the life and culture of aborigines and tribal people. Ethnobotany today has a vast perspective. It is not merely the study of plants used by indigenous people. There are now several interdisciplinary branches associated with ethnobotany. A few of the upcoming branches are given. Ethnotaxonomy deals with the classification and naming of plants and animals used by Indigenous people in their vernacular language. Ethnomycology deals with the use of fungi for various purposes. Ethnoecology is a very important branch, as the importance of indigenous methods in the management of the environment is found to be very effective (Maheswari, 1983). Ethnopharmacology is a highly developing branch of ethnobotany as it deals with the study of various ingredients used in indigenous preparations and their effects (Holmstedt and Bruhn, 1983). Ethnomedicine is yet another branch that has great importance. The use of synthetic medicines leads to numerous side effects, and many drugs have faced withdrawal from the market after they were established based on these side effects. According to Weiner (1971), research on ethnomedicine deals with the studies of various plants and animals, minerals, and other nature-friendly substances in the treatment of diseases by the indigenous people, which is in harmony with nature. Ethnogynaecology is another upcoming branch of study that deals with various gynaecological problems seen among tribal women and the treatment prevalent among them (Tarafder, 1983). Ethnotoxicology deals with plants that are toxic and used as poison (Schultes, 1970), and Ethnonarcotics deals with plants used as narcotics (Schultes, 1970). Ethnomusicology deals with tribal music—Archaeoethnobotany studies on human culture and its origin (Smith Jr., 1965). Paleoethnobotany helps in the study of crops used in the past and how they have changed over time, as well as their role in changing human cultures (Stewart, 1976). Another important aspect of ethnobotany is that the indigenous people play a major role in the conservation of germplasm. They grow wild relatives of several cultivated crops, which has helped plant breeders evolve new varieties (Arora, 1981). Another important aspect is that ethnobotany should not be considered the study of the use of plants by tribal people, but, in a broad sense, the study of interactions between human beings and plants (Rao, 1987). Importance has to be given to conserving traditional culture, art, folklore, medicinal usage, and traditional practices. Now several developmental activities are being done for the upliftment of tribal people. But in the course of development, rather than conservation, the preservation of tribal people like specimens is done in many places. METHODS EMPLOYED We surveyed peer-reviewed publications, websites, books, theses, and scientific papers from 2010 to 2022. The study examined the distribution of medicinal plant knowledge among provinces, research techniques, and publication variations. Scientific research from journals, books, theses, and reports was evaluated. A literature search was conducted across electronic databases (Web of Science, Science Direct, and Google Scholar). ETHNOBOTANICAL STUDIES IN INDIA – REVIEW I. Ethnobotanical studies of certain ethnically distinct Primitive human societies: Chowdhury & Mukherjee (2010) enumerated 73 species of medicinal plants used by the Santal tribe of Malda district of West Bengal. Jadhav (2010) enumerated 9 plant species used by the Bhil tribe of Ratlam District for the treatment of jaundice. Lalitha Rani et al (2010) carried out an ethnobotanical survey among the ethnic groups, Kanikkars, seen in the Western ghats of India. Traditional uses of 50 plant species were described in the treatment of various ailments. Siwakoti & Siwakoti (2000) enumerated 122 species of plants used as medicine by the Satar tribe of Nepal. Murugesan et al (2011) enumerated 138 plant species used for medicinal purposes among the Malasar tribes of Velliangiri Hills, Western Ghats, in the Coimbatore district. Prasad et al (2012) studied the ethnobotanical use of Thozhukanni and Azhukanni among the Kanikkars of South India. The Pothigai region in Western Ghats was selected as the study area. Das and Chetia (2013) enumerated 77 ethnobotanical plant species used against various ailments by the Mishing tribal community of Dhemaji District, Assam. Barua et al (2013) enumerated 75 species of plants used as vegetables by the Karbis, one of the major ethnic groups belonging to the Mongoloid race and ancient inhabitants of the Karbi Anglong district, Assam. Singh (2013) documented the ethnomedicinal uses of 29 wildflowers used by 28 tribal groups inhabiting the remote forest areas of Sundargarh, Mayurbhanj, Angul, and Bolangir districts of Odisha. Jadhav (2014) conducted ethnomedicinal surveys among the Bhil tribe of Ratlam district (M.P). Ethnomedicinal uses of gums obtained from 9 Angiosperm plant species are enumerated. Kumar Ganesan and Baojun Xu (2017) studied folkloric medicinal plants in Nainamalai, Namakkal District, Tamil Nadu and identified 245 plant species belonging to 78 families and listed them along with their family name, vernacular name, useful part and their therapeuticuse. Ishwar Prakash Sharma et al. (2017) Studied the ethnobotanical and medicinal uses of Wild fruits of Uttarakhand and listed 31 different plants along with their uses and capabilities. Kanhupriya Behra et al. (2020) studied the ethnobotany and folk medicines used by local healers of Bhadrak, Odisha. II. Ethnobotanical Studies of specific geographic region: Rathore et al (2010) conducted an ethnobotanical survey in southwestern Rajasthan and enumerated 112 plants having medicinal uses to cure 69 ailments. Seven districts of Rajasthan were surveyed and data was collected from traditional medical practitioners, ayurvedic physicians, farmers, etc. Kalita & Borthakur (2010) conducted a field survey in the Madankamdev Hill region, Assam, and enumerated the medicinal importance of 30 plant species. The information about the traditional uses of medicinal plants was collected from the local vaidyas and rural people. Pandey et al (2010) enumerated 91 plant species having ethno- medicinal importance. The data was collected from the Musahar community in Varanasi district, Uttar Pradesh. Muthu Kumarasamy (2010) conducted ethnobotanical studies in the reserve forest area of the Grizzled Giant Squirrel Wildlife Sanctuary, Tamil Nadu among the dominant tribal group of the area, the Palliyars, and enumerated 21 plant species having medicinal properties which are endemic and endangered plants of Western Ghats. Baske & Sur (2010) studied the ethnobotanical importance of the Gajapati district, Orissa. Information collected from tribals like Kond, Soura, Mala & Sudha Sabar are enumerated. 50 ethno-economic plants were reported. Subramanian et al (2010) carried out an ethnobotanical survey among ethnic groups (Valaiyans) in the south-eastern area of the Western Ghats and enumerated traditional uses of 166 plant species for the treatment of various ailments and 87 species used as wild edible plants. Upadhye et al (2010) documented 33 species used by the tribal people of Western Ghats, Maharashtra. These taxa were endemic and or threatened. Naidu, et al (2010) enumerated 25 plant species used by different tribal communities of Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh, used in the treatment of various dental disorders. Dangwal and Antima (2010) enumerated 45 plant species used to cure different diseases by people of Tehri District in Garhwal Himalaya, Uttarakhand. Sur & Halder (2010) enumerated the ethnobotanical importance of 104 plant species used by the tribals of Keonjhar district, Orissa. Mohan et al (2010) conducted an ethnobotanical survey among the ethnic groups (palliyars) in Saduragiri hills located on the South Eastern slopes of the Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu. Traditional uses of 165 plant species are described in this study. Swamy and Reddi (2011) studied the plants used by the tribals of Adilabad district, Andhra Pradesh. Rana et al (2012) enumerated the significance of 17 medicinal plants used by Bhotiyas, Tolchhas, and general inhabitants living in the vicinity of the forests and remote localities of Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve, Uttarakhand for the treatment of sexual incapability. Mathur & Joshi (2012) enumerated 41 Angiospermic plant species used as traditional remedies for various diseases by people of the Tarai region of Kumaun, Uttarakhand. Mondal & Chowdhury (2012) conducted an ethnomedicinal survey among the tribal people of some selected areas of the Birbhum district of West Bengal & Dumka district of Jharkhand and enumerated 28 ethnomedicinal plants for curing 10 types of diseases and ailments. Nilesh Heda (2012) studied the folk conservation practices of the Gond tribal of Mendha (Lekha) village of Central India. Deepak and Gopal (2012) collected the ethnomedicinal information from the Kurumba tribes of Kundah taluk, Nilgiris district. They enumerated the medicinal uses of 47 plant species. Murthy & Vidyasagar (2012) conducted an ethnobotanical survey in the Bellary district of Karnataka and enumerated 24 plant species used as a remedy for jaundice by the rural people as well as the tribal people belonging to Medara, Korava, and Lambani groups. Dnyaneshwar & Sharat (2012) carried out an ethnomedicinal survey among the herbal practitioners of the Gond, Andhkolam, and Pradhan tribes of the Kinwat Forest range of the Nanded district of Maharashtra. They enumerated the formulation of 25 different ethnomedicinal preparations for curing 25 types of diseases and ailments. Kanthale and Biradar (2012) conducted ethnobotanical studies among the Gond, Kolam, Pradhan, Naikde, and Andh tribes of the Mahur range forest of the Nanded district of Maharashtra, India. Altogether 25 plants were recorded which are used by tribal people in the formulation of 32 different ethnomedicinal preparations for curing 24 different types of diseases and ailments. Arumugan et al (2013) conducted a survey to assess the traditional uses of medicinal plants in Thadagai hills, Western Ghats of Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu, Pulaya is the main tribe inhabiting and found 39 plant species used for the treatment of several ailments. Das & Das (2013) studied the medicinal plants used by the tribes (Munda, Santhal, Orang, Koll, Mal, etc) settled in various tea gardens of southern Assam. In the study, 125 plants used to cure 25 various ailments were enumerated. Jadhav (2013) conducted an ethnobotanical field survey in the tribal pockets of Ratlam district of Madhya Pradesh. Rao and Reddi (2013) conducted an ethnobotanical survey among the primitive tribal groups of north-coastal Andhra Pradesh comprising Gadaba, Khond, Porja, and Savaras and enumerated the medicinal uses of 15 plant species of Asteraceae used in 55 medicinal practices. Baske and Halder (2013) enumerated the ethnobotanical importance of 99 plant species used by about 13 tribes of Bargarh district Odisha.Ghosh & Kar (2013) enumerated 60 plant species used by the tribals and rural folks of the West Rarrh region both for domesticated animals and Humans. Sahoo et al (2013) provided a glimpse into ethnic diversity, particularly the tribals inhabiting 30 different states and Union Territories in India. Ethnobotanical uses of 74 selected plant species from various regions that are less known are also enumerated. Suneetha et al (2013) made a preliminary survey of the plant wealth of tribals inhabiting East Godavari district in Andhra Pradesh 21 plant species used in the treatment of asthma by the tribals are enumerated. Padal et al (2013) enumerated 48 traditional plants used by the seven tribes – Bagata, Nukadora, Valmiki, Konda Dora, Kotia, Kondus, and Konda reddis of Anathagiri Mandal of Paderu forest division in Andhra Pradesh, against various ailments. Sahu et al (2013) enumerated plants used by the tribals of Boudh district, Odisha for the treatment of various ailments. Baske et al (2014) studied the ethnobotanical importance of 116 plants used by about 13 tribes in Bargarh district, Odisha. Babu & Reddi (2014) studied the ethnobotanical importance of 43 species of plants used by about 11 tribal groups of Visakhapatnam district, Andhra Pradesh. These plants are used for curing body pains, general weakness, and body swellings. Singh and Pandit (2015) conducted ethno-medicinal studies in Bhagalpur District, Bihar. They enumerated the traditional practices to cure various diseases followed by the rural people of Bhagalpur district. 75 medicinal plant species cure documented. Baske et al (2015) documented the ethno – medicinal usage of 129 plant species used by the tribal people and rural inhabitants of Jajpur district, Odisha. Singh et al (2015) collected ethnobotanical information from different tribal and rural people of the Deogarh district of Odisha. Extensive ethnobotanical surveys were conducted among the 11 major tribal groups and other non-tribal communities in 83 villages and enumerated 1,010 ethnobotanical uses of 393 plant species. Sujogya Kumar Panda and Walter Luyten (2018) Surveyed the antiparasitic plants of the family Asteraceae in use among the tribes of Odisha, to review their applicability in the treatment of parasites. Kumar et al. (2018) Studied the diversity of plant species in Odisha, noted their ethnobotany, and discussed the implications for the conservation of urban bioresources. The study recorded154 plant species belonging to 128 genera and 55 families. Kanhupriya Behra et al. (2020) studied the ethnobotany and folk medicines used by local healers of Bhadrak, Odisha. The study focused on the treatment of various health conditions using medicinal plants traditionally found in the district. They recorded 85 medicinal plantspecies belonging to 46 families, of which 45% were herbs, with families like Cucurbitaceae, Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae etc. dominating. Mohan Lal (2022) recorded the ethnomedical and pharmacological value of plants in the Asteraceae family in Bhiwani district, Haryana and identified about 36 plant species belonging to 26 genera. Purushothaman Thirumurthy and Irfana Mol (2020) conducted Ethnobotanical studies on medicines used by the Kani and Kurichiyar Tribal Communities of Kerala. Vandana and Akhila (2020) documented traditional knowledge of Mannan tribes settled in the Kovilmala of Idukki district. Sheeba C. and Meena K. Cheruvathur (2020) discuss Ethnomedicinal Practices of Tribes of Muthanga in Wayanad District. 3 tribal groups are found in Muthanga Panchayath. They are Kattunaikkar, Paniyar and Kurumar. These tribes are mainly depending on the herbal plants for their health care needs. 53 plant species from 33 families were documented. investigation was conducted among 27 resource persons using the questionnaire and interview method. Chitra M and Geetha S Pillai (2021) conducted an ethnobotanical study to explore the indigenous knowledge of the Kattunaikka and Paniya tribes of the Nilambur forest and listed 79 species of medicinal plants used by the two tribes to treat 38 different diseases.Drishya et al. (2021) document the diversity of plants in the Urdhook hills, Kuttiady, Kozhikode district, Kerala. Jeeshna M V (2021) Ethnobotanical Survey of Sacred Grove in Sree Oorpazhachi Kavu, Kannur District. 86 vascular plants falling under 75 genera, and 38 families were collected. Venkatesan et al. (2021) deal with the Quantitative Ethnobotany of Medicinal plants used by tribals in the Munnar forest division. Plants used by tribals for various purposes were collected and data was analyzed using suitable statistical tools such as Use value (UV), Informant Consensus factor (ICF), Fidelity Factor (FL), and various ranking methods. Venkatesh K. et al. (2022) performed a qualitative ethnobotanical report of wildflowers used by Wayanad forest division tribes and ultimately enumerated 54 species of plants alongside their local name, use value, fidelity value, ethnobotanical use, and habit. III. Ethnobotanical Studies of utility groups of plants: Nazarudeen (2010) conducted ethnobotanical studies among the ethnic communities and local folks of Kerala. Enumeration of less known plants whose fruits are consumed by tribals like Mala Pandarangal, Irular, Kadar and Paniyar. 218 species of fruit plants were documented. Jayakumar et al (2010) studied folk practices used in the treatment of diabetes in two districts of Kerala. Nazarudeen (2010) studied the nutritional composition of some lesser-known fruits used by the ethnic communities and local folks of Kerala. Ethnic uses were collected from the tribes Malam- Pandarangal, Kattunaykkar, Kanikkar, Paniyar, Irular, Kadar, and other local folks. Ambily et al (2010) collected information about medicinal plants from the Paniyan tribals of Kozhikode district, Kerala 50 species, and their ethnomedicinal properties were enumerated. Manilal (2010) studied the ethnobotany of Athirathra Agrichayana Somayaaga. He traced the evolution of Agriculture in Pre-historic India from the sacrificial offerings done during Yaaga. Jayakumar et al (2010) conducted an ethnobotanical survey of the plants used in the treatment of diabetes study was conducted in two southern districts of Kerala. Thiruvananthapuram and Kollam 45 plants having anti-diabetic properties were studied. Pushpangadan and George (2010) explained the ethno-medical practices of rural and tribal populations of India with special reference to mother and childcare. Ghosh (2010) enumerated 31 angiospermic plants which are considered herbal remedies for Alopecia used by about 9 tribal groups of West Bengal. Mili et al (2010) conducted a study in the Sivasagar district of Assam to investigate the ethnomedicinal knowledge of the treatment of pneumonia and Asthma diseases by the Mising tribe of North East India. They enumerated 17 species used for the treatment of these diseases. Das & Choudhury (2010) studied the hepato-protective ethnomedicinal plants used by four ethnic groups of Tripura. 25 species of plants were noted for their hepatoprotective properties. Bhalla & Suman Bhalla (2010) studied the anti-inflammatory activity of four ethnomedically important herbal plants. Nafeesh & Gupta (2010) conducted ethnomedicinal investigations for snake bites among the rural peoples of Baghpat District. Uttar Pradesh, India. They recorded 31 species useful in snake bites. Shajeela et al (2010) enumerated 20 wild edible plants consumed by the tribals Kanikkars and Palliyars. In this study plants of which the underground edible parts consumed were reported. Yonzone (2012) and Yyonzine et al (1996) enumerated ethnomedicinal Aromatic wild edible and poisonous plants from the Darjeeling district. Moktan & Das (2013) conducted an ethnomedicinal study on the treatment of diarrhea in the Darjeeling district of West Bengal. 24 plants for the treatment of this ailment were enumerated from information collected from the ethnic people of Darjeeling. Salam et al (2013) conducted a field survey among the Tangkhul tribe of Ukhrul district, Manipur to gather information on herbal veterinary medicine traditionally used by them for the treatment of various ailments. Rao et al (2013) enumerated 11 plant species used for curing bone fractures by the primitive tribal groups of North- coastal Andhra Pradesh. Ghosh et al (2013) enumerated the uses of one fern and 63 angiosperm plant species for the restoration of healthy eyesight by the Indigenous people of West Bengal. Ratna Manjula et al (2013) enumerated the use of 48 plant species by the tribals of Khammam District, Andhra Pradesh against various Urinary complaints. Manjula et al (2013) enumerated 46 species of medicinal plants used for treating cuts and wounds by the tribals of the Khammam district of Andhra Pradesh. Manjula et al (2013) conducted an ethnobotanical field survey among the tribal populations of Khammam district, Andhra Pradesh, and enumerated 16 plant species used for curing diabetes. Murugan & Mohan (2013) enumerated 38 species of ethnobotanical plants used as curative for skin diseases by Irular tribals of Krishnagiri district, Tamil Nadu, India. Nath et al (2013) enumerated 42 medicinal plants used in the treatment of stomach disorders by the Dimasa tribe of Barak Valley (South Assam). Kalita (2014) enumerated 32 medicinal plant species used in the treatment of diabetes by the inhabitants of remote and tribal pockets and villages of the North Guwahati hill region, a part of the Kamrup district of Assam. Suneetha et al (2014) studied the plants used as a fish poison by the tribes of East Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh. 16 species of plants were found to be used by the tribals for fishing practices. Jadhav (2014) enumerated 52 ethnomedicinal plants used as antipyretic agents by the tribals of Madhya Pradesh. The information was gathered by field survey and from available literature. Jadhav (2015) enumerated 21 plant species used by the Bhil tribe against leucorrhoea and menorrhea. Archana G.R. (2018) lists the traditional usage of 35 medicinal plants from 25 host families used to cure menstruation diseases by the Kani tribes of Thiruvananthapuram district, Kerala. Archana P J (2018) did a study in Kulathupuzha village, Kollam district, to identify the key plants utilized by Malakkurava tribals for various reasons. Ramjan et al. (2021) identified the ethnobotany of indigenous vegetables in use among the Adi tribe of Arunachal Pradesh. IV. Ethnobotanical Studies of a particular plant, genus, or family: Bhall et al (2010) conducted an ethnomedicinal survey of the different selected forests of the Surguja districts of central India and collected information about 42 wild plant species of Asteraceae from tribal & rural people. Alka Jain et al (2012) documented the ethnobotany and nutritional values of wild rice ( Zizania latifolia (Griseb.) Turcz. ex Stapf) (Poaceae) in Manipur by the ethnic people. Singh et al (2012) studied the food, cultural and ethnomedicinal values of Namdung ( Perilla ocymoides ). This study was conducted among Adi women of the Adi tribe, Arunachal Pradesh as Namdung is closely related to them. Sharma (2012) documented the traditional knowledge of rural women on the processing of Curcuma angustifolia a rhizome-based ethnic weaning food. This knowledge is mainly confined to native people of North Bengal, especially to the women of Rajbansi ethnic group. A detailed study on the Ethnobotany of turmeric ( Curcuma longa L.) was carried out by Velayudhan et al (2012). Sunil Kumar et al (2012) enumerated the medicinal uses of the members of the family Verbenaceae used by the traditional medical practitioners of the Alappuzha District. Ajesh et al (2012) documented the use of 12 plant species as new abortifacients reported by the Mannan tribes of the Idukki district, Kerala. Ajayakumar et al (2013) conducted a study on the medicinal food prepared by Malapanicker, tribes in Nilamboor, Malappuram, Kerala State. The medicinal food called ‘Meenuruthy’ is given for easy recovery from the aftereffects of snake bite and venom. Dwivedi et al (2013) enumerated plants used traditionally for the treatment of some common ailments in the Thrissur district of Kerala. Information of the ethno-medicinal use of Medicago sativa , an ethnomedicine used for the treatment of night blindness by the Bhil tribe of Ratalm District (M.P) was provided by Jadhav (2013b). Dwivedi et al (2013) enumerated the ethnomedicinal uses of Ash Gourd (Benincasa hispida (Thunh) Cogn. Ramesh Kumar and Durgesh Verma (2013) documented the ethnomedicinal uses of Aristolochia cathcartii Hook. f. from Garo Hills. The plant was found to be used against 7 Ailments by 3 tribal groups – Khasi, Garo, and Rabha. Jadhav (2013) gathered information on ethno medical use of Wrightia tinctoria (Roxb). R. Br. in the treatment of rheumatic disorders from the Bhilala tribes of Dhar District (M.P). Chalal and Yadav (2013) conducted an ethnobotanical survey on the flora of Central and South Haryana, especially grasses, and enumerated 47 species belonging to the family Poaceae and their ethnobotanical uses. Sikarwar (2013) enumerated the ethno-medicinal uses of Selginella bryopteris (L.) Baker, enumerated from Chitrakoot. Nine ethnomedicinal uses were described. Dwivedi et al (2013) studied the ethnomedicinal uses of the Devil’s tree (Alstonia scholaris (L) R.Br.) in Thrinur district, Kerala. Jadhav (2014) documented the use of Tridax procumbens in the treatment of bleeding piles by the Bhil tribe of Ratlam district, M.P. Jadhav (2015) enumerated the ethno-medicinal use of Calotropis gigantia (L.) R. Br. used by the tribals of Ratlam district, Madhya Pradesh. The effective use of the plant against asthma was studied and rewarded. He also enumerated the ethno-medicinal use of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. in the treatment of Night Blindness by the Bhil tribe of Ratlam District, Madhya Pradesh. Jadhav (2015) also recorded the ethno-medicinal use of Aninomeles Indica (L.) O. Kuntze in the treatment of mouth ulcers. Thomas et al. (2020) conducted a study on the Ethnobotanical significance of Zingiberales: a case study in the Malaipandaram tribe of the Southern Western Ghats of Kerala. The data was recorded through questionnaires with the traditional healers and others. Rani Joseph (2020) studied ethnobotanical uses of wild edible Vitaceae fruits in Kerala state. The study highlighted the importance of wild fruits as a source of nutrients for the tribal groups of Kerala.Kala and Antony (2021) studied the ethnobotanical use of two plants of the Myrtaceae family, namely Syzygium cumini and Syzygium caryophillatum. V. Ethnobotanical Studies of Agriculture, household articles, gadgets and adornments: Sharma et al (2010) documented Indigenous knowledge of fermented local beverage (Jaad) used by the Tharu tribe of the Lakhimpur district of U.P. Jain & Chauhan (2010) made a study on the natural dyes used by the tribals of the Pali district of Rajasthan and enumerated about 21 plant sources used as a dye. Tamang et al (2012) enumerated more than 250 different types of familiar and less familiar ethnic fermented foods and alcoholic beverages prepared and consumed by the different ethnic people of North East India, which include milk, vegetable, bamboo, soybean, meat, fish, cereal and alcoholic beverages. It was also demonstrated that the functional microorganisms present in the ethnic fermented foods of North East have many biological functions enhancing the health-promoting benefits, bio-preservation of perishable foods, Bio- enrichment of nutritional value, protective properties, and therapeutic values. Pushpangadan et al (2012) explained the ethnic food and beverages of different regions of India developed by generations of people keeping in view the nutritional needs of the common man right from cradle to grave. They have designed different types of food and beverages keeping in view the nutritional needs of people of different age groups also. Jain & Tiwari (2012) collected information on the uses of plants by tribes in an emergency, i.e., during a scarcity of food. Special emphasis was made on the estimation of the nutritional value of plants consumed by the Gond and Sahariya tribes of central India. Devi & Suresh Kumar (2012) enumerated the traditional knowledge existing among different tribes of Manipur on preparing boiled foods, fermented foods, beverages, and nutritionally rich traditional foods from various indigenous crop plants, forest products, and meat of wild and domesticated animals. Shrivastava et al (2012) conducted a study on Biotechnology in Tradition Traditional biotechnological processes of alcoholic beverage preparation as followed by 21 different tribes residing in 14 districts of Arunachal Pradesh, their consumption pattern and per capita consumption of these beverages were documented. Socio-cultural importance of alcoholic drinks in the tribal lifestyle of the state was also studied. Davidson et al (2012) conducted a study on the Mushrooms in the food culture of the Kaani tribe of Kanyakumari district. Ashish and Maiti (2012) enumerated the ingredients of Shuktani- a new ethno-medico recipe that is prepared with the use of 35 species of Angiosperms by the Sylheti Bengali community of Barak Valley of Southern Assam. Shrivastava et al (2012) conducted a review of traditional process technology and the raw materials, used for the preparation of Starter cultures for alcoholic beverages employed by different tribes of Arunachal Pradesh residing in the 14 districts. Singh et al (2012) conducted a study on the use of culturally important Indigenous biodiversity by Adi women of Arunachal Pradesh as food, nutrition, and ethnomedicines. Jain (2013) studied the shift of the rich community from a largely refined modern diet to native, unrefined foods of the poor communities as a part of the increasing health consciousness. 21 plants were mentioned which are used in a variety of whole and multi-grain preparations. Kumar et al (2013) conducted an ethnobotanical survey among the tribals in remote tribal-dominated villages of panch pargana and enumerated several plants found in the area that are used as vegetables elsewhere but are not used by the people in this area. These plants can be supplemental to malnutrition among the tribals. VI. Ethnobotanical Studies of conservation and management of plant resources: Basu (2010) conducted a series of investigations in 43 sacred groves of the tribal rich areas in the district of Bankura of West Bengal. The role of sacred groves in Biodiversity conservation was discussed. Pushpangadan et al (2013) explained the importance of developing appropriate technologies for the sustainable use of biodiversity for meeting the present and future demands for medicinal and aromatic plants for the biodiversity-based pharmaceutical, cosmaceutical, and nutraceutical industries. VII. Ethnobotany of cultural, mythical associations or faith in plants among the folk: Bhattacharyya et al (2010) identified eight plants used in folk medicine from Kumaun Himalaya. There were new plant records of traditional medicine from Ranikhet. Ghosh (2010) discussed the facets of indigenous knowledge on prosperous and evil plants for ancestral abodes from an ecological perspective. The study was conducted among tribal people and 19 prosperous plants and 22 evil plants for ancestral abodes were listed out. Seth & Thakar (2013) enumerated nine ethnobotanically important plant species used by Malanis in the Phagli festival of Malana village in Kullu, Himachal Pradesh. Upreti et al (2013) enumerated the ethnobotanical uses of Indian lichens from the information available from different ethnic groups, ancient Vedic literature, and various ethnobotanists. Shah (2013) enumerated 14 plant species that are associated with the Kumaoni culture in Uttarakhand. These plants are identified from the phrases, sayings, folk- stories, songs, riddles, etc. Jeeshna M V and C R Lalitha (2019) conducted Ethnobotanical Documentation of a Sacred Grove- Erinjiyin Keezhil Kavu in Kannur District. VIII. Ethnobotany and Quantitative Approach: Thangaraj et al (2014) conducted a field study in Thodu Hills. The ethnomedicinal information was collected from the kani tribes. The collected data were analyzed using use value (UV), Informant consensus factor (Fic), Fidelity level (FL), and relative importance (RI). 35 medicinal plant species were enumerated. Imran Khan et al 2014 documented ethnomedicinal knowledge of an unexplored area of Pakistan. The study led to the enumeration of 67 medicinal plants. Data analyses were conducted, and Informant consensus factor (Fic), Fidelity level (FL), and Direct Matrix Ranking (DMR) were calculated. Uddin & Hassan (2014) documented the ethnomedicinal uses of 35 plant species. Informant consensus factor and fidelity level were determined. IX. Other Notable Inclusions: Chendurpandy et al (2010) conducted preliminary phytochemical screening and anti-microbial activity of the methanolic extracts of seven plants having ethnomedicinal uses collected from the tribal belt of Kanyakumari district, Tamil Nadu. Binu and Rajendran (2011) enumerated 25 plant species identified as leafy vegetables which are commonly used by the Mullu Kuruma tribe of the Wayanad District. Rasiya Beegam and Nayar (2011) enumerated 66 preparations made out of 58 plant species specifically employed in pre-natal, post-natal and child health care in folk medicine of Kerala. Pushpangadan & Vipin Mohan Das (2011) discussed the modern methods and strategies of bioprospecting of traditional knowledge and the issues related to benefit sharing. Simon et al (2011) conducted an ethnobotanical study among the Uraly tribes in Idukki district, Kerala. 14 plant species were documented which are used against various chronic diseases.Dilip Kumar & Janardhana (2012) enumerated 47 different species of plants used in 23 different compound medicinal recipes used for diabetic health care in Wayanad. Rajith et al (2012) enumerated 67 plant species used against various menstrual disorders by traditional healers in the rural areas of Kerala. Dominic and Ramanujan (2012) enumerated seventeen piscicidal plants traditionally used for fish catching and in preparation of local medicine by the tribal people of Nagaland. A review of the ethnobotanical research in Madhya Pradesh was done by Jadhav (2013). Information on ethnobotanical works taken up in the state in the last 50 years from the available literature was presented. Nath & Bansal (2013) discussed the perspectives in ethnobryological studies and listed the information on the uses of about 150 Bryophytes collected by various researchers throughout the world. The urgent need to document the ethnobryological knowledge available is also mentioned. Jain (2013) explained the potential of socio-economic benefits to the tribal and rural folk through NTFPs and other raw materials. A focused study of prospective plants during ethnobotanical fieldwork is also mentioned. Thomas et al (2013) enumerated 20 medicinal plants used by the tribe Arnatans of Nilambur, Malappuram district of Kerala, India for treating dysentery and diarrhea. Ajesh and Kumuthakavalli (2013) conducted an ethnobotanical study among the Muthuvans of Idukki district, Kerala. They reported the use of 103 flowering plant species to meet a variety of their requirements. Kumar et al (2014) enumerated the use of 30 medicinal plants used for their diuretic and antilithiatic property by the traditional practitioners of the Palakkad District. Dileep & Geetha (2015) conducted a taxonomic and ethnobotanical study among the tribals inhabiting the Wayanad district of Kerala bringing to light several grass species used as edible food, thatching materials, and as sources of medicines for human and veterinary use. 27 grass species and their uses were enumerated. Jose et al (2015) attempted to document the Indigenous information in selected tribal groups of Wayand, Malappuram & Kasargod districts. A total of 15 plants commonly used by the Paniyaas and Malavettuvas, were documented. Arshad Mehmood (2021) published a book on the ethnobiology of mountain communities in Asia. Gina Porras et al. (2021) discussed the role of plant natural products in antibiotic drug discovery. Nirali Chavda et al. 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Keywords ethnobotany pharmacognosy traditional medicine tribal communities Authors Affiliations Bindu P.K 0009-0005-6270-5369 [email protected] Sanatana Dharma College View all articles by this author Arun Nair 0009-0004-5333-4650 Sanatana Dharma College View all articles by this author Lakshmi Raj 0009-0007-5559-6971 Sanatana Dharma College View all articles by this author Metrics & Citations Metrics Article Usage 429 views 227 downloads .FvxKWukQNSOunydq8rnd { width: 100px; } Citations Download citation Bindu P.K, Arun Nair, Lakshmi Raj. not-yet-known not-yet-known not-yet-known unknown ETHNOBOTANY IN INDIA: AN ETHNOBOTANICAL REVIEW OF LITERATURE IN INDIA FROM THE LAST 12 YEARS. Authorea . 03 June 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22541/au.174894327.79824683/v1 If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download. 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