Investigation of the Dengue Arbovirus in the Cities of Bushehr Province through Human Blood Sampling

Investigation of the Dengue Arbovirus in the Cities of Bushehr Province through Human Blood Sampling | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Investigation of the Dengue Arbovirus in the Cities of Bushehr Province through Human Blood Sampling Ebrahim Abbasi, Mohammad Djaefar Moemenbellah-Fard, Hamzeh Alipour, and 4 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5823814/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 20 May, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted 10 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Dengue fever, caused by the dengue virus and spread mainly by Aedes mosquitoes, is a significant public health concern in tropical regions. Bushehr Province in southern Iran, with its conducive climate for mosquito breeding, shows limited data on dengue prevalence, prompting this study. Researchers conducted a study across ten cities in Bushehr, collecting blood samples from 180 participants to detect dengue-specific antibodies through ELISA testing. Results revealed a prevalence rate of 2.78%, with positive cases found in Bushehr, Dashtestan, and Tangestan, indicating localized transmission. These findings highlight the risk of dengue outbreaks and emphasize the need for ongoing surveillance, vector control, and public education. Further research is needed to enhance understanding and inform health policies. Biological sciences/Biochemistry Biological sciences/Biological techniques Biological sciences/Immunology Biological sciences/Molecular biology Biological sciences/Zoology Dengue virus Bushehr Province ELISA testing arbovirus prevalence Aedes mosquitoes public health Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 INTRODUCTION Dengue fever, caused by the dengue virus (DENV), is a significant public health concern in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. The virus, transmitted primarily by Aedes mosquitoes, can lead to severe health complications and increased morbidity and mortality rates. Bushehr Province, located in southern Iran, has climatic conditions conducive to the proliferation of these mosquito vectors. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the presence of the dengue arbovirus in human populations across various cities in Bushehr Province by employing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) testing on human blood samples 1 , 2 . Dengue fever, a mosquito-borne viral disease, poses a significant public health challenge in many tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. The disease is caused by the dengue virus (DENV), which is primarily transmitted to humans through the bites of infected Aedes mosquitoes, particularly Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Dengue fever symptoms can vary from mild flu-like ones to more severe forms, such as dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome, which can be fatal if not treated promptly 1 – 3 . The global incidence of dengue has increased dramatically in recent decades, caused by factors such as urbanization, climate change, increased travel, and ineffective vector control measures. Consequently, dengue fever has emerged as a major public health concern, necessitating comprehensive surveillance and control strategies to mitigate its impact. Bushehr Province, located in southern Iran, has a warm climate and coastal geography that promote the proliferation of Aedes mosquitoes. However, limited information is available on the prevalence and transmission dynamics of the dengue virus in this region. Understanding the extent of dengue virus circulation in Bushehr Province is crucial for implementing targeted public health interventions 4 , 5 . This study aims to investigate the presence of the dengue arbovirus in human populations across various cities in Bushehr Province by utilizing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) testing on blood samples. By identifying the prevalence of the dengue virus in this region, the present research seeks to provide valuable insights that can guide public health policies and vector control programs, ultimately reducing the burden of dengue fever in Bushehr 6 – 8 . Investigating dengue arbovirus prevalence in Bushehr Province is crucial due to the public health risks it poses, including illness and potential fatalities. Early detection aids in effective disease management, reducing morbidity and mortality. Thus, understanding dengue circulation leads to targeted vector control efforts and community awareness campaigns, optimizing the allocation of limited health resources. The region's warm climate and coastal geography favor Aedes mosquitoes, making it essential to predict outbreaks and develop long-term mitigation strategies. Findings can shape local and national health policies, support initiatives like vaccination programs and community engagement, and contribute to global efforts against mosquito-borne diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS 1. Study Area and Population The study was conducted in Bushehr Province, located in southern Iran. The region was chosen due to its climatic conditions, which are favorable for the proliferation of Aedes mosquitoes, the primary vectors of the dengue virus. Several important cities within the province, including Asaluyeh, Kangan, Bushehr, Dashtestan, Dashti, Deylam, Deyr, Ganaveh, Jam, and Tangestan, were selected for sampling. The target population consisted of residents from these cities, selected through random sampling at designated blood drawing centers. 2. Blood Sampling Blood samples were collected from individuals referred to blood draw lab sites in the selected cities. The collection process adhered to ethical guidelines, ensuring that participants provided informed consent before sample collection. The blood was drawn using standard venipuncture techniques, and approximately 5 milliliters of blood were collected from each participant into sterile, anticoagulant-free tubes. The samples were then transported to the laboratory under controlled conditions to maintain their integrity. 3. ELISA Testing The detection of dengue virus antibodies in blood samples was carried out using the Anti-Virus de la Dengue (IgM) ELISA kit. The assay involved several steps. First, reagents and samples were brought to room temperature, and serum was separated via centrifugation and stored at -20°C. Microtiter plates pre-coated with dengue antigens captured antibodies from serum samples, which were tested in duplicates. After incubation at 37°C, the plates were washed to remove unbound substances, followed by the addition of an enzyme conjugate bound to the antibodies. Another washing step was performed before adding a substrate solution that triggered a colorimetric reaction. The reaction was halted with a stop solution, stabilizing the color in wells with dengue antibodies. Finally, the optical density (OD) at 450 nm was measured, and sample OD values were compared to controls to determine the presence of dengue-specific IgM antibodies. A sample was considered positive if its OD was significantly higher than the negative control, indicating a positive result for dengue antibodies (Fig. 1 ). 4. Data Analysis The results were analyzed by calculating the prevalence rate of dengue virus in the sampled population. The number of positive results was divided by the total number of samples tested to obtain the prevalence rate. The data were then summarized in a table showing the distribution of blood samples and ELISA test results across the different cities in Bushehr Province. RESULTS Out of the 180 blood samples tested using ELISA, five were found to be positive for dengue antibodies, indicating a prevalence rate of approximately 2.78%. This finding suggests that dengue virus transmission is occurring in the region, albeit at a relatively low level. The table below summarizes the distribution of samples and test results across different cities in Bushehr province. The data reveal that positive cases were detected in Asaluyeh, Kangan, Bushehr, Dashtestan, Dashti, Deylam, Deyr, Ganaveh, Jam, and Tangestan, with the highest number of positive results. The absence of positive cases in Deylam could be attributed to various factors such as lower vector density, better preventive measures, or a smaller sample size. These results highlight the importance of continuous monitoring and vector control measures to prevent potential outbreaks. This comprehensive methodology ensured accurate detection and analysis of dengue virus prevalence in the selected cities of Bushehr province, providing valuable insights for public health interventions and policy-making (Table 1 and Figs. 2 – 3 ). Table 1 Distribution of Blood Samples and ELISA Test Results in Bushehr Province No. City Blood collection centers Frequency Number of Tests Dengue (Positive Results) 1 Asaluyeh/ Kangan (A) Nabi Akram Hospital 20 8 3 (-) Kangan Blood Donation Center 150 61 21 (-) 2 Bushehr (B) Bushehr Blood Donation Center 150 61 19 (-), 1 (+) Amir al-Mominin Hospital 50 20 7 (-) Persian Gulf Martyrs Hospital 150 61 19 (-), 1 (+) 3 Dashtestan (C) Dashtestan Blood Donation Center 150 61 17 (-), 3 (+) 17 Shahrivar Hospital Clinic 30 12 4 (-) Navid 24-hour Clinic 20 8 3 (-) 4 Dashti (D) Zainabiya Hospital 200 82 28 (-) 5 Deylam (E) Baghiullah Hospital 30 12 4 (-) 6 Deyr (F) Deyr Blood Donation Center 150 61 23 (-) 7 Ganaveh (G) Ganaveh Blood Donation Center 150 61 20 (-) 8 Jam (H) Tawheed Hospital 20 8 2 (-) 9 Tangestan (I) Imam Hossein Hospital 50 16 5 (-) Total 1320 532 + 8 * 175 (-), 5 (+) Data Presentation Table 1 presents the distribution of blood samples collected across the cities of Bushehr Province, along with the number of tests performed and their positive results. The presence of dengue virus in Bushehr Province underscores the necessity for public health interventions, including vector control programs, public awareness campaigns, and strengthening healthcare infrastructure to manage and mitigate the impact of dengue fever. Further studies with larger sample sizes and extended geographic coverage are recommended to gain a comprehensive understanding of dengue prevalence and transmission dynamics in the region. In conclusion, while the current prevalence rate of dengue in Bushehr province appears to be low, the detection of positive cases indicates the need for sustained surveillance and proactive public health strategies to control and prevent the spread of dengue virus. DISCUSSION The findings reveal a low but notable prevalence of the dengue virus in Bushehr Province, with 5 out of 180 blood samples testing positive for dengue-specific IgM antibodies using the ELISA method. It equates to a prevalence rate of approximately 2.78%. The detection of positive cases in multiple cities, including Asaluyeh, Kangan, Bushehr, Dashtestan, Dashti, Deylam, Deyr, Ganaveh, Jam, and Tangestan, demonstrates that dengue virus transmission is occurring in the region. The absence of positive cases in Deylam, despite similar environmental conditions, may suggest variations in vector density, human behavior, or sample size limitations. Geographic and Climatic Implications The warm climate of Bushehr Province and its coastal geography create an environment conducive to the proliferation of Aedes mosquitoes, the primary vectors of the dengue virus. This province experiences high temperatures and humidity levels, which are ideal for mosquito breeding and survival. These conditions are similar to those in other regions globally where dengue fever is endemic. The geographic location of Iran, particularly its southern regions, places this country at risk of vector-borne diseases like dengue, especially with increasing globalization and climate change facilitating the spread of vectors to new areas. The detection of the dengue virus in Bushehr Province highlights the urgent need for improved public health measures to prevent dengue fever. There is an emphasis on establishing effective surveillance systems for early case identification and intervention. Hence, implementing vector control strategies, such as eliminating standing water, using insecticides, and promoting mosquito nets, is critical. Raising public awareness about dengue transmission and prevention methods is also essential to reduce infection risks. Additionally, strengthening healthcare facilities to manage dengue cases and training professionals to recognize symptoms are necessary measures that should be taken. The study carries significant implications for public health policy regarding dengue in Bushehr Province. Key recommendations for policymakers include implementing Integrated Vector Management (IVM), integrating various control methods, investing in research to understand dengue's epidemiology better, fostering international collaboration for effective outbreak management, and developing climate adaptation strategies to address the effects of climate change on mosquito populations. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the detection of dengue virus in Bushehr Province highlights the need for continued surveillance, effective vector control measures, public education, and strengthening healthcare infrastructure. The geographic and climatic conditions of this province, combined with increasing globalization and climate change, pose a risk for the spread of dengue and other vector-borne diseases. Policymakers must prioritize the development and implementation of comprehensive strategies to mitigate this risk and protect public health. Through coordinated efforts and international collaboration, it is possible to reduce the burden of dengue fever and improve health outcomes for the population of Bushehr Province and other provinces. Declarations Ethical Considerations and Funding This work was reviewed and approved by the ethics ID: IR.SUMS.SCHEANUT.REC.1401.121, and funded to the main corresponding author (M.D.M-F) and supervisor on behalf of his Ph.D. student or the first author (E.A.) by Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS), Shiraz, Iran. All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations and Informed consent was obtained from all participants and/or their legal guardians prior to blood collection. Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Availability of Data and Materials All obtained data are included in the text. Acknowledgments The authors thank the Vice-Chancellor for Research at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS). This report is part of the Ph.D. thesis with a proposal number of 25843 and an ethical code of conduct: IR.SUMS.SCHEANUT.REC.1401.121 on behalf of the first author (E.A.) awarded to his main supervisor (M.D.M-F.) of the research study. Author Contribution Statement E.A., and M.D.M-F. conceptualized and wrote the study design and proposal. E.A., H.A., A.D., and M.D. carried out the field collections and identifications. H.A, K.A. and M.D.M-F. approved the submitted version. Expert validation on species taxonomy was done by S.A-H., while S.A-H. and M.D.M-F. performed data collation and analyses. All authors contributed to the final draft writing, review, and approval of this manuscript. References Chan EYY, Lo ESK, Huang Z, et al. Sociodemographic predictors of knowledge, mosquito bite patterns and protective behaviors concerning vector borne disease: the case of dengue fever in Chinese subtropical city, Hong Kong. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 2021;15(1):e0008993. Khoobdel M, Keshavarzi D, Sobati H, Akbari M. Species diversity, habitat and abundance of Culicid mosquitoes in Bushehr Province, South of Iran. Biodiversitas. 2020;21(4):1401-1406. Abbasi E, Moemenbellah-Fard MD. Prevalence of Chikungunya, Dengue, and West Nile arboviruses in Iran based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA): A systematic review and meta-analysis. medRxiv. 2024:2024.2009. 2012.24313525. Abbasi E, Daliri S. Knockdown resistance (kdr) associated organochlorine resistance in mosquito-borne diseases (Culex quinquefasciatus): Systematic study of reviews and meta-analysis. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 2024;18(8):e0011991. Abbasi E, Daliri S, Talbalaghi A, MEHRPOUYA F, HASANZADEH ARAB M, ASLVAELI A. Knockdown resistance (kdr) Associated organochlorine Resistance in mosquito-borne diseases (Culex pipiens): Systematic study of reviews and meta-analysis. medRxiv. 2023:2023.2012. 2017.23300098. Abbasi E, Daliri S. Knockdown Resistance (kdr) Associated Organochlorine Resistance in Mosquito-Borne Diseases (Anopheles subpictus): Systematic Reviews Study. 2024. Abedi-Astaneh F, Abbasi E, Raoofi Rad H, et al. Extensive Surveillance of Mosquitoes and molecular investigation of Arboviruses in central Iran; First Record of Molecular Identification of Culex tarsalis in Qom Province. bioRxiv. 2024:2024.2008. 2006.606915. Talbalaghi A, Abbasi E, Hass S. An Innovative Method to Deal with the Spread of Aedes albopictus in the Urban Centers of Alessandria used by Citizen. International Internal Medicine Journal. 2024;2(8):1-7. Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. 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(DENV), is a significant public health concern in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. The virus, transmitted primarily by Aedes mosquitoes, can lead to severe health complications and increased morbidity and mortality rates. Bushehr Province, located in southern Iran, has climatic conditions conducive to the proliferation of these mosquito vectors. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the presence of the dengue arbovirus in human populations across various cities in Bushehr Province by employing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) testing on human blood samples\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDengue fever, a mosquito-borne viral disease, poses a significant public health challenge in many tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. The disease is caused by the dengue virus (DENV), which is primarily transmitted to humans through the bites of infected Aedes mosquitoes, particularly Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Dengue fever symptoms can vary from mild flu-like ones to more severe forms, such as dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome, which can be fatal if not treated promptly \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR2\" citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe global incidence of dengue has increased dramatically in recent decades, caused by factors such as urbanization, climate change, increased travel, and ineffective vector control measures. Consequently, dengue fever has emerged as a major public health concern, necessitating comprehensive surveillance and control strategies to mitigate its impact.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBushehr Province, located in southern Iran, has a warm climate and coastal geography that promote the proliferation of Aedes mosquitoes. However, limited information is available on the prevalence and transmission dynamics of the dengue virus in this region. Understanding the extent of dengue virus circulation in Bushehr Province is crucial for implementing targeted public health interventions\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study aims to investigate the presence of the dengue arbovirus in human populations across various cities in Bushehr Province by utilizing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) testing on blood samples. By identifying the prevalence of the dengue virus in this region, the present research seeks to provide valuable insights that can guide public health policies and vector control programs, ultimately reducing the burden of dengue fever in Bushehr\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR7\" citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInvestigating dengue arbovirus prevalence in Bushehr Province is crucial due to the public health risks it poses, including illness and potential fatalities. Early detection aids in effective disease management, reducing morbidity and mortality. Thus, understanding dengue circulation leads to targeted vector control efforts and community awareness campaigns, optimizing the allocation of limited health resources. The region's warm climate and coastal geography favor Aedes mosquitoes, making it essential to predict outbreaks and develop long-term mitigation strategies. Findings can shape local and national health policies, support initiatives like vaccination programs and community engagement, and contribute to global efforts against mosquito-borne diseases.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"MATERIALS AND METHODS","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e1. Study Area and Population\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe study was conducted in Bushehr Province, located in southern Iran. The region was chosen due to its climatic conditions, which are favorable for the proliferation of Aedes mosquitoes, the primary vectors of the dengue virus. Several important cities within the province, including Asaluyeh, Kangan, Bushehr, Dashtestan, Dashti, Deylam, Deyr, Ganaveh, Jam, and Tangestan, were selected for sampling. The target population consisted of residents from these cities, selected through random sampling at designated blood drawing centers.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e2. Blood Sampling\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBlood samples were collected from individuals referred to blood draw lab sites in the selected cities. The collection process adhered to ethical guidelines, ensuring that participants provided informed consent before sample collection. The blood was drawn using standard venipuncture techniques, and approximately 5 milliliters of blood were collected from each participant into sterile, anticoagulant-free tubes. The samples were then transported to the laboratory under controlled conditions to maintain their integrity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e3. ELISA Testing\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe detection of dengue virus antibodies in blood samples was carried out using the Anti-Virus de la Dengue (IgM) ELISA kit. The assay involved several steps. First, reagents and samples were brought to room temperature, and serum was separated via centrifugation and stored at -20\u0026deg;C. Microtiter plates pre-coated with dengue antigens captured antibodies from serum samples, which were tested in duplicates. After incubation at 37\u0026deg;C, the plates were washed to remove unbound substances, followed by the addition of an enzyme conjugate bound to the antibodies. Another washing step was performed before adding a substrate solution that triggered a colorimetric reaction. The reaction was halted with a stop solution, stabilizing the color in wells with dengue antibodies. Finally, the optical density (OD) at 450 nm was measured, and sample OD values were compared to controls to determine the presence of dengue-specific IgM antibodies. A sample was considered positive if its OD was significantly higher than the negative control, indicating a positive result for dengue antibodies (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec6\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e4. Data Analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe results were analyzed by calculating the prevalence rate of dengue virus in the sampled population. The number of positive results was divided by the total number of samples tested to obtain the prevalence rate. The data were then summarized in a table showing the distribution of blood samples and ELISA test results across the different cities in Bushehr Province.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"RESULTS","content":"\u003cp\u003eOut of the 180 blood samples tested using ELISA, five were found to be positive for dengue antibodies, indicating a prevalence rate of approximately 2.78%. This finding suggests that dengue virus transmission is occurring in the region, albeit at a relatively low level. The table below summarizes the distribution of samples and test results across different cities in Bushehr province.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe data reveal that positive cases were detected in Asaluyeh, Kangan, Bushehr, Dashtestan, Dashti, Deylam, Deyr, Ganaveh, Jam, and Tangestan, with the highest number of positive results. The absence of positive cases in Deylam could be attributed to various factors such as lower vector density, better preventive measures, or a smaller sample size. These results highlight the importance of continuous monitoring and vector control measures to prevent potential outbreaks.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis comprehensive methodology ensured accurate detection and analysis of dengue virus prevalence in the selected cities of Bushehr province, providing valuable insights for public health interventions and policy-making (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e and Figs.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDistribution of Blood Samples and ELISA Test Results in Bushehr Province\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCity\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBlood collection centers\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrequency\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNumber of Tests\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDengue (Positive Results)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAsaluyeh/ Kangan (A)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNabi Akram Hospital\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3 (-)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKangan Blood Donation Center\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e150\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e61\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21 (-)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBushehr (B)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBushehr Blood Donation Center\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e150\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e61\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19 (-), 1 (+)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAmir al-Mominin Hospital\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7 (-)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePersian Gulf Martyrs Hospital\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e150\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e61\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19 (-), 1 (+)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDashtestan (C)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDashtestan Blood Donation Center\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e150\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e61\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17 (-), 3 (+)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17 Shahrivar Hospital Clinic\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4 (-)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNavid 24-hour Clinic\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3 (-)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDashti (D)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eZainabiya Hospital\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e200\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e82\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28 (-)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDeylam (E)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBaghiullah Hospital\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4 (-)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDeyr (F)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDeyr Blood Donation Center\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e150\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e61\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23 (-)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGanaveh (G)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGanaveh Blood Donation Center\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e150\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e61\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20 (-)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eJam (H)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTawheed Hospital\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (-)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTangestan (I)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eImam Hossein Hospital\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5 (-)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1320\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e532\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;8\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e175 (-), 5 (+)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eData Presentation\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e presents the distribution of blood samples collected across the cities of Bushehr Province, along with the number of tests performed and their positive results.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe presence of dengue virus in Bushehr Province underscores the necessity for public health interventions, including vector control programs, public awareness campaigns, and strengthening healthcare infrastructure to manage and mitigate the impact of dengue fever. Further studies with larger sample sizes and extended geographic coverage are recommended to gain a comprehensive understanding of dengue prevalence and transmission dynamics in the region. In conclusion, while the current prevalence rate of dengue in Bushehr province appears to be low, the detection of positive cases indicates the need for sustained surveillance and proactive public health strategies to control and prevent the spread of dengue virus.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"DISCUSSION","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe findings reveal a low but notable prevalence of the dengue virus in Bushehr Province, with 5 out of 180 blood samples testing positive for dengue-specific IgM antibodies using the ELISA method. It equates to a prevalence rate of approximately 2.78%. The detection of positive cases in multiple cities, including Asaluyeh, Kangan, Bushehr, Dashtestan, Dashti, Deylam, Deyr, Ganaveh, Jam, and Tangestan, demonstrates that dengue virus transmission is occurring in the region. The absence of positive cases in Deylam, despite similar environmental conditions, may suggest variations in vector density, human behavior, or sample size limitations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eGeographic and Climatic Implications\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe warm climate of Bushehr Province and its coastal geography create an environment conducive to the proliferation of Aedes mosquitoes, the primary vectors of the dengue virus. This province experiences high temperatures and humidity levels, which are ideal for mosquito breeding and survival. These conditions are similar to those in other regions globally where dengue fever is endemic. The geographic location of Iran, particularly its southern regions, places this country at risk of vector-borne diseases like dengue, especially with increasing globalization and climate change facilitating the spread of vectors to new areas.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe detection of the dengue virus in Bushehr Province highlights the urgent need for improved public health measures to prevent dengue fever. There is an emphasis on establishing effective surveillance systems for early case identification and intervention. Hence, implementing vector control strategies, such as eliminating standing water, using insecticides, and promoting mosquito nets, is critical. Raising public awareness about dengue transmission and prevention methods is also essential to reduce infection risks. Additionally, strengthening healthcare facilities to manage dengue cases and training professionals to recognize symptoms are necessary measures that should be taken.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe study carries significant implications for public health policy regarding dengue in Bushehr Province. Key recommendations for policymakers include implementing Integrated Vector Management (IVM), integrating various control methods, investing in research to understand dengue's epidemiology better, fostering international collaboration for effective outbreak management, and developing climate adaptation strategies to address the effects of climate change on mosquito populations.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"CONCLUSION","content":"\u003cp\u003eIn conclusion, the detection of dengue virus in Bushehr Province highlights the need for continued surveillance, effective vector control measures, public education, and strengthening healthcare infrastructure. The geographic and climatic conditions of this province, combined with increasing globalization and climate change, pose a risk for the spread of dengue and other vector-borne diseases. Policymakers must prioritize the development and implementation of comprehensive strategies to mitigate this risk and protect public health. Through coordinated efforts and international collaboration, it is possible to reduce the burden of dengue fever and improve health outcomes for the population of Bushehr Province and other provinces.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthical Considerations and Funding\u003c/strong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis work was reviewed and approved by the ethics ID: IR.SUMS.SCHEANUT.REC.1401.121, and funded to the main corresponding author (M.D.M-F) and supervisor on behalf of his Ph.D. student or the first author (E.A.) by Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS), Shiraz, Iran.\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003eAll methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations and Informed consent was obtained from all participants and/or their legal guardians prior to blood collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConflicts of Interest\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare no conflicts of interest.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAvailability of Data and Materials\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll obtained data are included in the text.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgments\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors thank the Vice-Chancellor for Research at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS). This report is part of the Ph.D. thesis with a proposal number of 25843 and an ethical code of conduct: IR.SUMS.SCHEANUT.REC.1401.121 on behalf of the first author (E.A.) awarded to his main supervisor (M.D.M-F.) of the research study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor Contribution Statement\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eE.A., and M.D.M-F. conceptualized and wrote the study design and proposal. E.A., H.A., A.D., and M.D. carried out the field collections and identifications. H.A, K.A. and M.D.M-F. approved the submitted version. Expert validation on species taxonomy was done by S.A-H., while S.A-H. and M.D.M-F. performed data collation and analyses. All authors contributed to the final draft writing, review, and approval of this manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChan EYY, Lo ESK, Huang Z, et al. Sociodemographic predictors of knowledge, mosquito bite patterns and protective behaviors concerning vector borne disease: the case of dengue fever in Chinese subtropical city, Hong Kong. \u003cem\u003ePLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. \u003c/em\u003e2021;15(1):e0008993.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKhoobdel M, Keshavarzi D, Sobati H, Akbari M. Species diversity, habitat and abundance of Culicid mosquitoes in Bushehr Province, South of Iran. \u003cem\u003eBiodiversitas. \u003c/em\u003e2020;21(4):1401-1406.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAbbasi E, Moemenbellah-Fard MD. Prevalence of Chikungunya, Dengue, and West Nile arboviruses in Iran based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA): A systematic review and meta-analysis. \u003cem\u003emedRxiv. \u003c/em\u003e2024:2024.2009. 2012.24313525.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAbbasi E, Daliri S. Knockdown resistance (kdr) associated organochlorine resistance in mosquito-borne diseases (Culex quinquefasciatus): Systematic study of reviews and meta-analysis. \u003cem\u003ePLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. \u003c/em\u003e2024;18(8):e0011991.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAbbasi E, Daliri S, Talbalaghi A, MEHRPOUYA F, HASANZADEH ARAB M, ASLVAELI A. Knockdown resistance (kdr) Associated organochlorine Resistance in mosquito-borne diseases (Culex pipiens): Systematic study of reviews and meta-analysis. \u003cem\u003emedRxiv. \u003c/em\u003e2023:2023.2012. 2017.23300098.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAbbasi E, Daliri S. Knockdown Resistance (kdr) Associated Organochlorine Resistance in Mosquito-Borne Diseases (Anopheles subpictus): Systematic Reviews Study. 2024.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAbedi-Astaneh F, Abbasi E, Raoofi Rad H, et al. Extensive Surveillance of Mosquitoes and molecular investigation of Arboviruses in central Iran; First Record of Molecular Identification of Culex tarsalis in Qom Province. \u003cem\u003ebioRxiv. \u003c/em\u003e2024:2024.2008. 2006.606915.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTalbalaghi A, Abbasi E, Hass S. An Innovative Method to Deal with the Spread of Aedes albopictus in the Urban Centers of Alessandria used by Citizen. \u003cem\u003eInternational Internal Medicine Journal. \u003c/em\u003e2024;2(8):1-7.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Dengue virus, Bushehr Province, ELISA testing, arbovirus prevalence, Aedes mosquitoes, public health","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5823814/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5823814/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eDengue fever, caused by the dengue virus and spread mainly by \u003cem\u003eAedes\u003c/em\u003e mosquitoes, is a significant public health concern in tropical regions. Bushehr Province in southern Iran, with its conducive climate for mosquito breeding, shows limited data on dengue prevalence, prompting this study. Researchers conducted a study across ten cities in Bushehr, collecting blood samples from 180 participants to detect dengue-specific antibodies through ELISA testing. Results revealed a prevalence rate of 2.78%, with positive cases found in Bushehr, Dashtestan, and Tangestan, indicating localized transmission. These findings highlight the risk of dengue outbreaks and emphasize the need for ongoing surveillance, vector control, and public education. Further research is needed to enhance understanding and inform health policies.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Investigation of the Dengue Arbovirus in the Cities of Bushehr Province through Human Blood Sampling","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-01-28 15:57:25","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5823814/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-02-20T13:05:47+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-02-19T14:34:11+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-02-10T19:06:49+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"215074606613537946621870417339671124350","date":"2025-02-10T13:46:11+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"51872631444723781243792077882346471936","date":"2025-02-10T06:30:12+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-02-09T11:50:17+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-02-09T11:44:59+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2025-01-21T10:58:53+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-01-21T10:55:49+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Scientific Reports","date":"2025-01-14T03:45:26+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"fa694c16-9c9f-4438-92ce-95368993f398","owner":[],"postedDate":"January 28th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[{"id":43184445,"name":"Biological sciences/Biochemistry"},{"id":43184446,"name":"Biological sciences/Biological techniques"},{"id":43184447,"name":"Biological sciences/Immunology"},{"id":43184448,"name":"Biological sciences/Molecular biology"},{"id":43184449,"name":"Biological sciences/Zoology"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-05-26T16:06:12+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-5823814","link":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-02782-6","journal":{"identity":"scientific-reports","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Scientific Reports"},"publishedOn":"2025-05-20 15:57:41","publishedOnDateReadable":"May 20th, 2025"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-01-28 15:57:25","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1038/s41598-025-02782-6","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-02782-6","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-5823814","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-5823814","identity":"rs-5823814","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}