Moiré Artifact Reduction in Grating Interferometry Using Multiple Harmonics and Total Variation Regularization

Moiré Artifact Reduction in Grating Interferometry Using Multiple Harmonics and Total Variation Regularization | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Moiré Artifact Reduction in Grating Interferometry Using Multiple Harmonics and Total Variation Regularization Hunter M. Meyer, Joyoni Dey, Conner B. Dooley, Murtuza S. Taqi, and 6 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7776621/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 14 Apr, 2026 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted 14 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract X-ray interferometry is an emerging imaging modality with a wide variety of potential clinical applications, including lung and breast imaging, as well as in non-destructive testing, such as additive manufacturing and porosimetry. A grating interferometer uses a diffraction grating to produce a periodic interference pattern and measures how a patient or sample perturbs the pattern, producing three unique images that highlight X-ray absorption, refraction, and small angle scattering, known as the attenuation, differential-phase, and dark-field images, respectively. Inaccuracies in grating position and multi-harmonic fringes produce Moiré artifacts when assuming the fringe pattern is perfectly sinusoidal and the phase steps are evenly spaced. We have developed an image recovery algorithm that estimates the true phase stepping positions using multiple harmonics and total variation regularization, removing the Moiré artifacts present in the attenuation, differential-phase, and dark-field images. We demonstrate the algorithm's utility for the Talbot-Lau and Modulated Phase Grating Interferometers by imaging multiple samples, including PMMA microspheres and a euthanized mouse. Physical sciences/Engineering Physical sciences/Optics and photonics Physical sciences/Physics Full Text Additional Declarations Competing interest reported. JD, KH, and LGB are inventors of two patents related to the Modulated Phase Grating Interferometry. JD, HCM, and MST are inventors in a provisional patent related to X-ray interferometry, filed through Louisiana State University. All of the authors confirm that their work adheres to the ethical guidelines and standards for transparency and objectivity in conducting and reporting research. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 14 Apr, 2026 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 30 Dec, 2025 Reviews received at journal 24 Dec, 2025 Reviews received at journal 24 Dec, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 05 Dec, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 05 Dec, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 05 Dec, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 04 Dec, 2025 Reviews received at journal 30 Nov, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 06 Nov, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 28 Oct, 2025 Editor invited by journal 15 Oct, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 14 Oct, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 10 Oct, 2025 First submitted to journal 10 Oct, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7776621","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":541167828,"identity":"a97c6e65-37a3-408d-967d-4ca6ad9ba297","order_by":0,"name":"Hunter M. 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