Simulating the Unruh Effect on Real Quantum Hardware

Simulating the Unruh Effect on Real Quantum Hardware | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Simulating the Unruh Effect on Real Quantum Hardware Dr. Zuhair Ahmed This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6911166/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The Unruh effect, a cornerstone of quantum field theory, predicts that an accelerating observer perceives a thermal bath of particles in a vacuum, bridging quantum mechanics and relativity. This study presents the first successful simulation of the Unruh effect on real quantum hardware, conducted at the Centre of Excellence for Technology, Quantum, and AI Canada (CETQAC). Using a two-qubit quantum circuit executed on IBM’s su perconducting qubits via Qiskit Runtime Services, we encoded the effect’s key features: quantum superposition, Bogoliubov transformations, and thermodynamic signatures. Re sults demonstrate a strong concentration in the |11⟩ basis state, with metrics such as pu rity (0.5), entropy (1.0), entanglement entropy (1.0), fidelity (0.46), and expectation value (Z =0.0) aligning with theoretical predictions. Visualizations, including statevector plots and Q-sphere representations, confirm the simulation’s success. This work advances quan tum thermodynamics and relativistic quantum physics, establishing Canada as a leader in quantum computing applications. Mathematical Physics Unruh effect quantum computing quantum field theory quantum thermo dynamics IBM Quantum Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Full Text Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6911166","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":472364326,"identity":"0617dc16-8b6d-4cff-9b69-01eea503ad38","order_by":0,"name":"Dr. Zuhair 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gates.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"circuitdiagram20250617112518.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6911166/v1/a06c776be3df371645db074d.png"},{"id":84846889,"identity":"a1bf689d-c375-4c66-a650-1954acfcc3a5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-06-18 03:19:02","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":169610,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eStatevector Plot of the Simulated Quantum State\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePlot showing the probability amplitude of the |11⟩ state, confirming excitation dynamics.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"statevectorplot20250617112518.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6911166/v1/efcc17197ab767923ab9afde.png"},{"id":84846508,"identity":"e94fedd0-9d0e-43f6-8f71-029720a40694","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-06-18 03:11:02","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":45275,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eQ-Sphere Representation of the Quantum State\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eQ-sphere visualization displaying phase and amplitude localization in the |11⟩ state.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"qsphereplot20250617112518.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6911166/v1/c81c063723d8c2cbc17d9802.png"},{"id":84846891,"identity":"44e3e093-d666-4a58-b0c8-f7f322b26a84","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-06-18 03:19:08","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":261719,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"QuantumSimulationoftheUnruhEffectonIBMQuantum.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6911166/v1_covered_48c50ddc-e4bc-4cdc-96f9-67bafd81d713.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare no competing 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Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Unruh effect, quantum computing, quantum field theory, quantum thermo dynamics, IBM Quantum","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6911166/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6911166/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe Unruh effect, a cornerstone of quantum field theory, predicts that an accelerating \u0026nbsp;observer perceives a thermal bath of particles in a vacuum, bridging quantum mechanics \u0026nbsp;and relativity. This study presents the first successful simulation of the Unruh effect on \u0026nbsp;real quantum hardware, conducted at the Centre of Excellence for Technology, Quantum, \u0026nbsp;and AI Canada (CETQAC). Using a two-qubit quantum circuit executed on IBM’s su perconducting qubits via Qiskit Runtime Services, we encoded the effect’s key features: \u0026nbsp;quantum superposition, Bogoliubov transformations, and thermodynamic signatures. Re sults demonstrate a strong concentration in the |11⟩ basis state, with metrics such as pu rity (0.5), entropy (1.0), entanglement entropy (1.0), fidelity (0.46), and expectation value \u0026nbsp;(Z =0.0) aligning with theoretical predictions. Visualizations, including statevector plots \u0026nbsp;and Q-sphere representations, confirm the simulation’s success. 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