Does the medium matter? Comparing the effectiveness of videos, podcasts, and online articles in nutrition communication

Videos and podcasts have become popular in nutrition communication. However, it is unclear whether they are more effective than online texts in conveying knowledge and promoting behavioural intentions. Based on the Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning (CTML), it was hypothesised that videos are more effective than podcasts or texts in communicating nutrition-related information. In addition, differences in behaviour change intentions were explored. The pre-registered online experiment used a 3 (medium: video, podcast, text) x 3 (topic: diet and climate change, sugar content, nudging) between-subjects design with 320 participants who were randomly assigned to the conditions. After receiving the respective content, participants’ intention to change their behaviour accordingly and their knowledge about all topics were assessed. A mixed ANOVA revealed a significant interaction of topic and knowledge, indicating that knowledge was higher for the topic that participants were assigned to compared to the two topics they received no information about. There were no differences in knowledge or intention for the three media. Videos, podcasts and texts are equally suitable for conveying nutrition knowledge and may also be equally beneficial for promoting intention. Communicators may thus base their choice of medium on considerations like available resources and preferences of the target group.