System-Level Analysis of Hybrid VLC/IRS-Enhanced RF Communication

System-Level Analysis of Hybrid VLC/IRS-Enhanced RF Communication | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article System-Level Analysis of Hybrid VLC/IRS-Enhanced RF Communication Kishan Tripathi, Prashant Sharma, Swaminathan R This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6383478/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 28 Jun, 2025 Read the published version in Optical and Quantum Electronics → Version 1 posted 9 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This paper presents a comprehensive performance analysis of a novel hybrid radio frequency (RF)/visible light communication (VLC) system incorporating an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) designed for enhancing indoor RF communication. The system integrates a primary VLC link with an IRS-assisted RF backup link to improve reliability. We have performed comprehensive analysis to calculate key performance metrics including outage probability, outage capacity, and average bit error rate (BER), considering a hard-switching mechanism triggered by a predefined signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) threshold. The transmission continues over the VLC channel until the SNR falls below the threshold value, at which point it transitions to the IRS-aided RF link. We utilize Nakagami-m fading to characterize the RF link and the Lambertian radiation emission pattern for the VLC link, ensuring a detailed evaluation of the system's efficacy. Monte-Carlo simulations have been employed to validate the closed-form expressions derived for each performance metric. The results demonstrate a marked enhancement in system reliability and performance, validating the effectiveness of the proposed IRS-aided system compared to standalone VLC configurations. IRS-aided RF/VLC hybrid Lambertian emission Nakagami-m fading outage probability outage capacity hard-switching Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 28 Jun, 2025 Read the published version in Optical and Quantum Electronics → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 23 May, 2025 Reviews received at journal 23 May, 2025 Reviews received at journal 28 Apr, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 25 Apr, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 17 Apr, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 10 Apr, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 07 Apr, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 06 Apr, 2025 First submitted to journal 05 Apr, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6383478","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":441078442,"identity":"b97d9f5e-8558-439f-bf96-11d3af5b0446","order_by":0,"name":"Kishan Tripathi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Indian Institute of Technology Indore","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Kishan","middleName":"","lastName":"Tripathi","suffix":""},{"id":441078444,"identity":"a0f38563-6b20-4341-9243-c091bb0f51c1","order_by":1,"name":"Prashant Sharma","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Indian Institute of Technology Indore","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Prashant","middleName":"","lastName":"Sharma","suffix":""},{"id":441078445,"identity":"fb5f4381-416c-478b-bdec-8f0ccf0071be","order_by":2,"name":"Swaminathan R","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABBUlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYLCCBBAhAUYMcmzMDAwHQAJsxGoxZmNmJkILA5KWxAYGZvwK5WckP93wcI9dNP/s5oe3K2rupPex8x88wFBjx8An3YBVi8GNNLMbCc+Sc2fcOWZseebYs9w2sMOOJTOwyRzArkU6AajlAHNuw40EM8kGtsNQLWxAJJGA3WGz078BtdTnzr+R/k2y4d/hdIj3/+HWwnA7B2TL4dwNN3LMJBvbDieAtTC24dZicP9NGVDL8dyNd84UWzb2HTYEOszgQGJfMg9Oh/Uc33bzx4Hq3Hm32zfebPh2WF6+/+DjDx++2cnJz8DhMOwAqJiHFPWjYBSMglEwClABAE3AYoCnsRmhAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Indian Institute of Technology Indore","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Swaminathan","middleName":"","lastName":"R","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-04-05 18:23:08","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6383478/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6383478/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-025-08338-2","type":"published","date":"2025-06-28T15:57:08+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":85686103,"identity":"549914b3-179d-48b9-8518-0d4f6fa80e51","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-06-30 16:02:50","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":896185,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"SystemLevelAnalysis.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6383478/v1_covered_89b53cc3-c31a-4696-bcfd-29eb2079de55.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"System-Level Analysis of Hybrid VLC/IRS-Enhanced RF Communication","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"optical-and-quantum-electronics","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"oqel","sideBox":"Learn more about [Optical and Quantum Electronics](https://www.springer.com/journal/11082)","snPcode":"11082","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/11082/3","title":"Optical and Quantum Electronics","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"IRS-aided RF/VLC hybrid, Lambertian emission, Nakagami-m fading, outage probability, outage capacity, hard-switching","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6383478/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6383478/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"This paper presents a comprehensive performance analysis of a novel hybrid radio frequency (RF)/visible light communication (VLC) system incorporating an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) designed for enhancing indoor RF communication. 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