The Motion Characteristics of Large-scale Ice Avalanches under the Effect of Frictional Heat

The Motion Characteristics of Large-scale Ice Avalanches under the Effect of Frictional Heat | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article The Motion Characteristics of Large-scale Ice Avalanches under the Effect of Frictional Heat Yu Luo, Chen Qiang, Zhu Lei, Tengfei Yan This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5317547/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 5 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Large-scale ice avalanches pose great risks due to their high-speed and long-distance moving. To quantitatively predict their dynamics parameters and impact range, this study combines thermodynamic and dynamic properties into a two-dimensional model. This model based on depth-averaged theory and granular flow theory, considers the friction weakening process to simulate ice avalanche's dynamics. By employing the finite volume method and the Crank-Nicolson method, the governing equations for motion and heat transfer are solved. Results from seven numerical experiments show that the friction weakening which is caused by the thermal effect on the sliding surface, significantly reduces the friction coefficient between the ice mass and its substrate, allowing ice avalanche to travel further. The initial ice content in the shear band affects the friction coefficient during both the viscous and Coulomb friction stages. With higher initial ice content facilitating extended movement under certain conditions. Notably, large-scale ice avalanches exhibit a "Volume Effect" similar to other mass movements like landslides, debris flows, and rock avalanches. Numerical simulations of friction-induced heating provide insights into the motion characteristics of ice avalanches, offering a valuable tool for dynamic analysis and informing disaster prevention and mitigation strategies for these events. Ice avalanches dynamic process simulation friction weakening depth-averaged theory Full Text Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Reviewers agreed at journal 19 Jun, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 12 Jun, 2025 Editor invited by journal 07 Nov, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 26 Oct, 2024 First submitted to journal 25 Oct, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5317547","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":470307848,"identity":"449d6786-ea1e-4203-bd0f-74e9f43d2b33","order_by":0,"name":"Yu Luo","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAnUlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACPgbmAwcY2EjRwsbAlkCyFh4DBhK1SOR8PHSjzIaBv/0A4+cC4rTkbjiccy6NQeJMArP0DKK15LYdZmC4wcDGzEOkwx4AtfxnkCdFCwNQywEGA+K18DwzAPolmcfwTGKzNFFa+NmTH3/OKbOTkzt++OBnorQwCCSAKaBixgaiNACtOUCkwlEwCkbBKBi5AAB7ACtxiWieSwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4230-1042","institution":"Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yu","middleName":"","lastName":"Luo","suffix":""},{"id":470307849,"identity":"2547efd8-2eda-4c92-82e0-a51019b9e266","order_by":1,"name":"Chen Qiang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Chen","middleName":"","lastName":"Qiang","suffix":""},{"id":470307850,"identity":"37a288c6-dc64-4a88-b7ad-60acf2ffbfdd","order_by":2,"name":"Zhu Lei","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zhu","middleName":"","lastName":"Lei","suffix":""},{"id":470307851,"identity":"2afa3d24-7368-44ed-9106-c154bc4826e8","order_by":3,"name":"Tengfei Yan","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Tengfei","middleName":"","lastName":"Yan","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-10-23 09:21:08","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5317547/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5317547/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":84700015,"identity":"314af090-462b-4b5d-8851-df80729b6f0c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-06-16 11:20:05","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":991856,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscript1026.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5317547/v1_covered_c7b8036b-1ada-4c54-9eed-0edf5a971ab7.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"The Motion Characteristics of Large-scale Ice Avalanches under the Effect of Frictional Heat","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"natural-hazards","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"nhaz","sideBox":"Learn more about [Natural Hazards](https://www.springer.com/journal/11069)","snPcode":"11069","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/11069/3","title":"Natural Hazards","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Ice avalanches, dynamic process, simulation, friction weakening, depth-averaged theory","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5317547/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5317547/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eLarge-scale ice avalanches pose great risks due to their high-speed and long-distance moving. To quantitatively predict their dynamics parameters and impact range, this study combines thermodynamic and dynamic properties into a two-dimensional model. This model based on depth-averaged theory and granular flow theory, considers the friction weakening process to simulate ice avalanche's dynamics. By employing the finite volume method and the Crank-Nicolson method, the governing equations for motion and heat transfer are solved. Results from seven numerical experiments show that the friction weakening which is caused by the thermal effect on the sliding surface, significantly reduces the friction coefficient between the ice mass and its substrate, allowing ice avalanche to travel further. The initial ice content in the shear band affects the friction coefficient during both the viscous and Coulomb friction stages. With higher initial ice content facilitating extended movement under certain conditions. 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