CESAREAN SCAR ENDOMETRIOSIS – A RARE AND UNDERESTIMATED COMPLICATION

Chandani Pandey, Junu Shrestha, Anjali Subedi, Apariharya Rana
In: Journal of Chitwan Medical College · 2022 · vol. 11(4) , pp. 135–136 · doi:10.54530/jcmc.562 · W4223450283
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⚙ AI-generated summary by gemini-2.5-flash-lite, 2026-06-08 ⓘ

This case report describes a 39-year-old woman with scar endometriosis at her cesarean incision site, characterized by cyclical pain and swelling, which was surgically removed and is now being treated with medication.

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This hospital-based cross-sectional study examined the prevalence of post-stroke depression and associated factors among 137 stroke survivors attending therapy centers at hospitals in Chitwan, Nepal, using face-to-face interviews and analyses including chi-square tests and binary logistic regression. The authors found that 54.70% of participants had depression, and depression status was significantly associated with age over 60, lower educational status, unemployment, past alcohol intake, and underweight BMI categories. A key limitation is that the design is cross-sectional and the study is hospital-based, which constrains conclusions about causality and generalizability. The paper does not explicitly discuss endometriosis or adenomyosis; it was included in the corpus via a keyword match in the upstream search index.

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Abstract

Endometriosis is defined as the presence of the endometrium outside the uterine cavity. Around 8- 15 % of women of the reproductive age group have been affected by it. Abdominal scar endometriosis is a rare complication of the cesarean section and can be often misdiagnosed. We present a 39-year-old woman who has been complaining of pain and edema at the location of her cesarean incision for the past two years. The pain began on the first day of the menstrual cycle and only continued for the duration of the cycle. Swelling, which started as tiny but grew in size over time, was linked to pain. She had a similar background four years ago. Her vitals were stable during examination, as were her general and systemic examinations. There was a scar mark over the hypogastric region, as well as a 5 x 3 cm swelling in the left lateral angle of that scar. The swelling was tender. Scar endometriosis was seen on USG. Scar endometriosis was removed, and tissue was sent for histopathological examination. Now she is on injection Leuprolide 3.75mg intramuscular every monthly for a period of six months.We present this case as it is very rare complication and being underestimated by patient.
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Background

The neuropsychiatric side effect of post-stroke depression is one of the most prevalent in stroke survivors. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of post-stroke depression and the factors that influence post-stroke depression among stroke survivors attending therapy centers at various hospitals in Chitwan.

Methods

A hospital-based cross-sectional study using the face-to-face interview method was carried out in different therapy centers in Chitwan, Nepal. A total of 137 stroke survivors were considered as a sample. The data was collected from November 25, 2021 to January 29, 2021. We used Pearson’s Chi-square test and binary logistic regression analysis to assess the factors influencing post-stroke depression among stroke survivors in Chitwan.

Results

Among 137 stroke survivors, just more than half i.e., 54.70% (75) suffered from any kind of depression, and the remaining participants i.e. 45.30% (62) did not have depression. Result showed that current depression status among stroke survivors were significantly associated with age group [above 60 years (COR =2.88; CI=1.17-7.10)], educational status [primary and below (COR =4.02; CI=1.47-10.95)], past employment status [unemployment (COR=2.79; CI=1.37-5.69)], past alcohol intake [alcohol intake (COR=1.04; CI=0.52-2.10)] and current BMI status [underweight (COR =1.23; CI=0.24-6.07)].

Conclusions

More than half, or 54.70% (75), suffered from depression, which is an unacceptable rate. Increased literacy, improved socioeconomic status, and lifestyle changes among stroke survivors would reduce the severity of depression. It is necessary to provide comprehensive, up-to-date information as well as supportive interventions with the goal of reducing depression among stroke survivors.

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Condition tags

endometriosis

Citation neighborhood

Papers in the corpus that this work cites (lower rings, blue) and that cite this one (upper rings, green). Dot size scales with the paper's in-corpus citation count — bigger dot = more influential within the endo/adeno field. Click a dot to open that paper. [ expand to 2 hops ] — adds papers reached through this work's immediate citers/citees. Heavier; up to 60 extra dots.

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