IBRE-LEACH: Improving The Performance of The BRE-LEACH For Wireless Sensor Networks

IBRE-LEACH: Improving The Performance of The BRE-LEACH For Wireless Sensor Networks | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article IBRE-LEACH: Improving The Performance of The BRE-LEACH For Wireless Sensor Networks Ikram DAANOUNE, Abdennaceur BAGHDAD This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-645170/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 5 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are extensively used in diferent areas and especially in severe and harsh environments such as battlegrounds, volcanic areas, healthcare, and so on. The major constraint in WSNs is the limited power supply, which impacts the lifeycle of the entire network. Clustering is a performing method used in WSN to optimize power consumption and extend the lifetime of WSNs. LEACH is considered as the first classical clustering protocol used in WSN to optimize energy consumption. Many protocols had been developed to enhance the conventional LEACH protocol. BRE-LEACH (Balanced Residual Energy LEACH) is one of them. It serves to enhance the performance of the LEACH protocol. In this paper, we suggest a new improved BRE-LEACH protocol called IBRE-LEACH (Improved Balanced Residual Energy LEACH), which ameliorates the performance of the BRE-LEACH approach. The IBRE-LEACH combines clustering and multi-hop techniques. It elects CHs according to the residual energy, limits the maximum number of nodes in each cluster to balance energy consumption. Thus, IBRE-LEACH gives the Abandoned Nodes (ANs) the chance to send their data to the BS. Furthermore, it routes the gathered data using the CHs, ANs, and a root node, which is a node with maximum residual energy and minimum distance to the BS. The simulation results in MATLAB exhibit that the IBRE-LEACH increases the throughput, optimizes energy consumption, extends the network lifetime, and ameliorates the stability up to 81.99%, 94.33%, and up to 91.47% compared with BRE-LEACH, LEACH-C, and LEACH, respectively. Scientific Communication Technical Communication WSN Efficient Routing Protocol LEACH Network Lifetime Abandoned Nodes Full Text Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Minor revisions 08 May, 2022 Reviews received at journal 11 Jul, 2021 Reviewers invited by journal 10 Jul, 2021 Editor assigned by journal 22 Jun, 2021 First submitted to journal 21 Jun, 2021 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-645170","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":38621692,"identity":"a0b9a493-44ce-4a38-8ac6-e07dc81bf41c","order_by":0,"name":"Ikram DAANOUNE","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA10lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDCCA0CcACLYG4CEgQUpWnhAhIEEkVrAhEQCiEWEFr7jhx8wPDhzT1535vOrG34USDDwt3cn4NUieSbNgCHhRrHhtts5ZTd7gA6TOHN2A14tBgcSgFo+JDACtaTd4AFqMZDIJaDl/PMPIC32226eSbv5hygtN3JADktI3HaD/dhtomyRvPGm4EDCmYTkbWdy2G7LGEjwEPQL3/n0jQ9/HEuw3Xb8+LObb/7YyPG39+LXAgIHIBSPAZgkqBwJsD8gRfUoGAWjYBSMIAAA3sBSjWc/wJkAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7797-3893","institution":"Faculty of sciences and techniques, Hassan II University, Casablanca","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ikram","middleName":"","lastName":"DAANOUNE","suffix":""},{"id":38621693,"identity":"057afae8-ceca-4f55-afbe-f795cbdb9af8","order_by":1,"name":"Abdennaceur BAGHDAD","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University Hassan II Mohammedia Casablanca Faculty of Science Techniques: Universite Hassan II Casablanca Faculte des Sciences Techniques Mohammedia","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Abdennaceur","middleName":"","lastName":"BAGHDAD","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2021-06-21 10:59:48","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-645170/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-645170/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":13662150,"identity":"24a80bb6-9b35-4c8d-8dc6-12620f1f4a93","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-09-17 10:31:36","extension":"pdf","order_by":2,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":903595,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-645170/v1_covered.pdf"},{"id":11746650,"identity":"4a566af2-543c-4e01-844d-b0b9e04d9559","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-07-23 15:45:02","extension":"pdf","order_by":2,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":900048,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-645170/v1_covered.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eIBRE-LEACH: Improving The Performance of The BRE-LEACH For Wireless Sensor Networks\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"Full Text","content":"This preprint is available for \u003ca href='/article/rs-645170/latest.pdf' target='_blank'\u003edownload as a PDF\u003c/a\u003e."}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"wireless-personal-communications","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"wire","sideBox":"Learn more about [Wireless Personal Communications](https://www.springer.com/journal/11277)","snPcode":"11277","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/11277/3","title":"Wireless Personal Communications","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"WSN, Efficient Routing Protocol, LEACH, Network Lifetime, Abandoned Nodes","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-645170/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-645170/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are extensively used in diferent areas and especially in severe and harsh environments such as battlegrounds, volcanic areas, healthcare, and so on. The major constraint in WSNs is the limited power supply, which impacts the lifeycle of the entire network. Clustering is a performing method used in WSN to optimize power consumption and extend the lifetime of WSNs. LEACH is considered as the first classical clustering protocol used in WSN to optimize energy consumption. Many protocols had been developed to enhance the conventional LEACH protocol. BRE-LEACH (Balanced Residual Energy LEACH) is one of them. It serves to enhance the performance of the LEACH protocol. In this paper, we suggest a new improved BRE-LEACH protocol called IBRE-LEACH (Improved Balanced Residual Energy LEACH), which ameliorates the performance of the BRE-LEACH approach. The IBRE-LEACH combines clustering and multi-hop techniques. It elects CHs according to the residual energy, limits the maximum number of nodes in each cluster to balance energy consumption. Thus, IBRE-LEACH gives the Abandoned Nodes (ANs) the chance to send their data to the BS. Furthermore, it routes the gathered data using the CHs, ANs, and a root node, which is a node with maximum residual energy and minimum distance to the BS. 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