A Semi-Empirical Model for Fracture Energy Evaluation of a Ni2MnGa Magnetic Shape Memory Alloy

A Semi-Empirical Model for Fracture Energy Evaluation of a Ni2MnGa Magnetic Shape Memory Alloy | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article A Semi-Empirical Model for Fracture Energy Evaluation of a Ni 2 MnGa Magnetic Shape Memory Alloy Glen D'Silva, Constantin Ciocanel This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5456761/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 24 Jul, 2025 Read the published version in International Journal of Fracture → Version 1 posted 8 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Ni 2 MnGa magnetic shape memory alloys (MSMAs) experience the shape memory effect due to magnetic field-induced or mechanical stress-induced microstructure reorientation. Crack nucleation and growth in Ni2MnGa is impacted by the alloy's evolving twin microstructure under magneto-mechanical loading conditions, eventually hampering its function in applications. This study reports on the evaluation of the fracture energy of a Ni2MnGa alloy under various magneto-mechanical loading conditions. The fracture energy of the alloy was evaluated through Vickers microindentation experiments that allowed the investigation of crack nucleation and growth under various magneto-mechanical loading conditions. The length of the cracks and the dimensions of the microindentation impressions were used to develop a semi-empirical relationship that predicts the fracture energy of the alloy as a function of magneto-mechanical loading conditions. The results confirm that the magnetic field (particularly the transversely applied magnetic field) facilitates crack growth, decreasing the fracture energy, while axial compressive stress impedes crack growth, increasing the fracture energy of the alloy. The proposed empirical relationship for the evaluation of fracture energy helps identify the magneto-mechanical loading conditions that are least conducive to fracture initiation and growth in MSMAs. Ni2MnGa magnetic shape memory alloys fracture energy GC Vickers micro indentation Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 24 Jul, 2025 Read the published version in International Journal of Fracture → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 16 May, 2025 Reviews received at journal 16 May, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 16 May, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 12 Dec, 2024 Reviewers invited by journal 18 Nov, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 18 Nov, 2024 Submission checks completed at journal 16 Nov, 2024 First submitted to journal 14 Nov, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5456761","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":389462342,"identity":"ce4bcc7e-3037-4f97-80d1-8f04c5a98037","order_by":0,"name":"Glen D'Silva","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA80lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDACdiBO4GFjYDjAfADIlJAhrIUZiB/IgLSwJYC08BClhfGBDZBxgMcAxCesRd6Z+diDhBy+xL7jPZ9f3aix4GFgP3x0Az4thofZ0g0SzrAlzjxzdpt1zjGgw3jS0m7g1dLMYyaR2MOWuOFG7jbjHDagFgkeMwJa+L9JJP4Darn/5plxzj8itMgz87BJAAMZaAsP8+PcNiK0GDCzmYG0GM88k2bGnNsnwcNGyC/y7c3PJH/wHJPtO3748eecb3Vy/OyHj+G35QCYOgYi2CTAJD7lYFsawFQNiGD+QEj1KBgFo2AUjEwAAPGrSASt1emzAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Northern Arizona University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Glen","middleName":"","lastName":"D'Silva","suffix":""},{"id":389462344,"identity":"60b638dc-aa21-45c5-8824-6fb9884b2e0e","order_by":1,"name":"Constantin Ciocanel","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Northern Arizona University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Constantin","middleName":"","lastName":"Ciocanel","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-11-15 01:08:16","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5456761/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5456761/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10704-025-00875-x","type":"published","date":"2025-07-24T15:58:08+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":87756763,"identity":"dbf3d922-b056-4a35-b2bb-fc7222f36b78","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-07-28 16:09:00","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":7642170,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"ASemiEmpiricalModelforEvaluatingtheFractureEnergyofNi2MnGaMagneticShapeMemoryAlloys.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5456761/v1_covered_96472930-0433-4ba9-978f-905bdea772b9.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eA Semi-Empirical Model for Fracture Energy Evaluation of a Ni\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eMnGa Magnetic Shape Memory Alloy\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"international-journal-of-fracture","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"frac","sideBox":"Learn more about [International Journal of Fracture](http://link.springer.com/journal/10704)","snPcode":"10704","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/10704/3","title":"International Journal of Fracture","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Ni2MnGa, magnetic shape memory alloys, fracture energy, GC, Vickers micro indentation","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5456761/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5456761/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eNi\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eMnGa magnetic shape memory alloys (MSMAs) experience the shape memory effect due to magnetic field-induced or mechanical stress-induced microstructure reorientation. 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