Robust Beamforming Design for NOMA System Assisted by STAR-RIS

Robust Beamforming Design for NOMA System Assisted by STAR-RIS | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Robust Beamforming Design for NOMA System Assisted by STAR-RIS Kunyu Li, Guoping Zhang, Hongbo Xu, Xingxing Huang, Ze Wang, Fanrui Yin This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5913622/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract STAR-RIS represents an innovative technology that can simultaneously transmit and reflect signals, thereby extending the coverage from half space to full space. In practical situations, hardware failures at the base station's transmission and reception ends inevitably lead to distorted noise and performance degradation. To address this issue, this study proposes a revolutionary non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system aided by STAR-RIS and explores the robust beamforming design of communication systems in the context of transceiver hardware damage. This work focuses on the joint optimization of active beamforming, transmission and reflection beamforming, power allocation factors, and decoding order for the purpose of optimizing the achievable total rate. A location-based matching algorithm has been introduced to facilitate subchannel allocation, allowing reflection and transmission users to be grouped on designated subchannels while determining the decoding order through optimizing the total channel gain. Furthermore, active beamforming optimization is done using the successive convex approximation approach, while transmission and reflection beamforming are optimized using the convex upper bound approach. Finally, optimize the power distribution coefficients. Numerical simulations indicate that the STAR-RIS-NOMA system exhibits greater resilience to hardware failures compared to the traditional non-robust RIS-NOMA system, which neglects the impact of hardware damage. active beamforming transmission and reflection beamforming non-orthogonal multiple access hardware damage reconfigurable intelligent surfaces Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5913622","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":409049144,"identity":"1d7b094e-8c3e-47cc-8d1d-d215a51e5bf6","order_by":0,"name":"Kunyu Li","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Central China Normal University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Kunyu","middleName":"","lastName":"Li","suffix":""},{"id":409049145,"identity":"f1d03d04-3764-4354-b9fd-9d480bdbaac6","order_by":1,"name":"Guoping Zhang","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA0ElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYHACNhAhB+UwE6/FmHQtiQ1Ea5GPbn/24OeO2vT+9rPHJBgqrBMb2M8ewKvF8M6BdMPeM8dzZ5zJS5NgOJOe2MCTl4Bfy4yEYxK8bcdyN0jwmEkwth1ObJDgMSCgJbFN8m/bsXQDsJZ/RGiRl0hmk+Ztq0mAaGkgQouBzDE2adm2A4YzzuQYWyQcSzdu48khYMvs9meSb9vq5Pnbzxje+FBjLdvPfoaALTfA1GEIL4EBGk14bZkBpuoIqRsFo2AUjIKRDABon0DvEqRBjAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Central China Normal University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Guoping","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhang","suffix":""},{"id":409049146,"identity":"c5616d4e-3636-466e-889d-e242ea6b25e4","order_by":2,"name":"Hongbo Xu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Central China Normal University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hongbo","middleName":"","lastName":"Xu","suffix":""},{"id":409049147,"identity":"854c74eb-5a10-493d-b4e9-edca420697fe","order_by":3,"name":"Xingxing Huang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Central China Normal University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xingxing","middleName":"","lastName":"Huang","suffix":""},{"id":409049148,"identity":"ae46fc31-799a-4db6-add8-3a51225ffc45","order_by":4,"name":"Ze Wang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Central China Normal University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ze","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""},{"id":409049149,"identity":"6b37feb3-0f1e-4e49-abd9-bf3d50ba4042","order_by":5,"name":"Fanrui Yin","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Central China Normal University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Fanrui","middleName":"","lastName":"Yin","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-01-27 16:11:01","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5913622/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5913622/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":79207392,"identity":"879ac463-d0a2-4821-afd1-2158d8b20aa5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-03-25 16:01:54","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":670942,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"RobustBeamformingDesignforNOMASystem.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5913622/v1_covered_28768c21-e51f-486e-8022-a35d0c348e42.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Robust Beamforming Design for NOMA System Assisted by STAR-RIS","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"active beamforming, transmission and reflection beamforming, non-orthogonal multiple access, hardware damage, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5913622/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5913622/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eSTAR-RIS represents an innovative technology that can simultaneously transmit and reflect signals, thereby extending the coverage from half space to full space. In practical situations, hardware failures at the base station's transmission and reception ends inevitably lead to distorted noise and performance degradation. To address this issue, this study proposes a revolutionary non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system aided by STAR-RIS and explores the robust beamforming design of communication systems in the context of transceiver hardware damage. This work focuses on the joint optimization of active beamforming, transmission and reflection beamforming, power allocation factors, and decoding order for the purpose of optimizing the achievable total rate. A location-based matching algorithm has been introduced to facilitate subchannel allocation, allowing reflection and transmission users to be grouped on designated subchannels while determining the decoding order through optimizing the total channel gain. 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