SYNTHESIS AND PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF HORSE DEA SURFACTANT BY AMIDATION OF HORSE FATTY ACIDS WITH DIETHANOLAMINE

SYNTHESIS AND PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF HORSE DEA SURFACTANT BY AMIDATION OF HORSE FATTY ACIDS WITH DIETHANOLAMINE | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article SYNTHESIS AND PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF HORSE DEA SURFACTANT BY AMIDATION OF HORSE FATTY ACIDS WITH DIETHANOLAMINE Sherzod Rakhmanov Yuldashevich, Dilshod Rakhimov Pulatovich, and 8 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7894905/v2 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 22 Jan, 2026 Read the published version in Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering → Version 2 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Show more versions Abstract Ethanolamides of horse fatty acids are one of the most important classes of nitrogen-containing nonionic surfactants. These products are widely used as components of detergents, foaming agents, and stabilizers in cosmetic preparations, wetting agents and antistatic agents, dispersants, corrosion inhibitors, etc. The conditions for the formation of nanoscale and submicron emulsions and the factors affecting the phase inversion temperature (SIT) and phase inversion composition (SIS) are analyzed. The purpose of the research: to obtain amides with nonionic foaming properties in the presence of diethanolamines with fatty acids extracted from horse fat. According to the experiment, amidation was carried out using 400 grams of horse fatty acid (1.5 mol), 157.6 grams of diethanolamine (1.5 mol), and 3% of the Al 2 O 3 catalyst (i.e., 12 grams) relative to the total mass of fatty acid, as per the reaction mechanism. The HLB values of the Horse DEA surfactant obtained from the study were compared with other DEAs. In conclusion, the Horse DEA created in this scientific work has good solubility in oily environments with a DEA value of less than 10, demonstrating its properties as a local substitute for the widely used Coconut DEA product for shampoo products. Applied Biochemistry Chemical Engineering Environmental Engineering Food Chemistry Food Science & Technology Surface chemistry Medical Ethics Materials Chemistry Materials Engineering amide amine long chain fatty acids HLB number foam stability surfactant model Coconut DEA Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Full Text Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Supplementary Files Table1..png Table 1. Volume-based values ​​for hydrophilicity and lipophilicity of surfactants Table3..png Table 2. Detergency of surfactants based on HLB value with hydrophilicity and lipophilicity values Table2..png Table 2. Detergency of surfactants based on HLB value with hydrophilicity and lipophilicity values Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 22 Jan, 2026 Read the published version in Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering → Version 2 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Show more versions Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7894905","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":533791328,"identity":"e9a0a367-58be-49c7-90cb-efe289a62e5f","order_by":0,"name":"Sherzod Rakhmanov Yuldashevich","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2276-9747","institution":"Tashkent Institute of Chemical Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Sherzod","middleName":"Rakhmanov","lastName":"Yuldashevich","suffix":""},{"id":533791329,"identity":"e4e2211d-cee6-4a32-8638-71fda99d18aa","order_by":1,"name":"Dilshod Rakhimov 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1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":231844,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFigure 1\u003c/strong\u003e. 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CCM-critical concentration diagram of the surfactant horse DEA.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Fig.6..png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7894905/v2/d5df1e405847fd32c20f8517.png"},{"id":102054501,"identity":"9d792fcd-68d1-4f4b-8fdb-cf7f39cdd6ed","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-06 15:35:18","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":871095,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"DOC20251201WA0000.110.12.2025.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7894905/v2_covered_b618f22f-8c3e-415e-ac3e-3540a027f858.pdf"},{"id":98429937,"identity":"441d827e-29f8-477f-ad4d-eaa287e38169","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-17 16:44:26","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":16009,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 1. \u003c/strong\u003eVolume-based values ​​for hydrophilicity and lipophilicity of surfactants\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Table1..png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7894905/v2/c8b33e6e09f9ee5c28a2249e.png"},{"id":98429852,"identity":"7c99ad36-36a0-420b-8ec6-6d80e6fea711","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-17 16:44:14","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":23216,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 2. \u003c/strong\u003eDetergency of surfactants based on HLB value with hydrophilicity and lipophilicity values\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Table3..png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7894905/v2/0a4231900847917aa761d29a.png"},{"id":98100915,"identity":"ffd98b73-f006-404d-bb39-d9ecd5fbc568","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-12 20:28:13","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":17291,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 2. \u003c/strong\u003eDetergency of surfactants based on HLB value with hydrophilicity and lipophilicity values\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Table2..png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7894905/v2/ab1aac8001753b68dd19d322.png"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare no competing interests.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSYNTHESIS AND PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF HORSE DEA SURFACTANT BY AMIDATION OF HORSE FATTY ACIDS WITH DIETHANOLAMINE\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"amide, amine, long chain fatty acids, HLB number, foam stability, surfactant model, Coconut DEA","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7894905/v2","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7894905/v2","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eEthanolamides of horse fatty acids are one of the most important classes of nitrogen-containing nonionic surfactants. These products are widely used as components of detergents, foaming agents, and stabilizers in cosmetic preparations, wetting agents and antistatic agents, dispersants, corrosion inhibitors, etc. The conditions for the formation of nanoscale and submicron emulsions and the factors affecting the phase inversion temperature (SIT) and phase inversion composition (SIS) are analyzed. The purpose of the research: to obtain amides with nonionic foaming properties in the presence of diethanolamines with fatty acids extracted from horse fat. According to the experiment, amidation was carried out using 400 grams of horse fatty acid (1.5 mol), 157.6 grams of diethanolamine (1.5 mol), and 3% of the Al\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e catalyst (i.e., 12 grams) relative to the total mass of fatty acid, as per the reaction mechanism. The HLB values of the Horse DEA surfactant obtained from the study were compared with other DEAs. In conclusion, the Horse DEA created in this scientific work has good solubility in oily environments with a DEA value of less than 10, demonstrating its properties as a local substitute for the widely used Coconut DEA product for shampoo products.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"SYNTHESIS AND PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF HORSE DEA SURFACTANT BY AMIDATION OF HORSE FATTY ACIDS WITH DIETHANOLAMINE","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":2,"date":"2025-12-12 20:28:08","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7894905/v2","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}},{"code":1,"date":"2025-10-23 07:29:35","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7894905/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"03f4c299-e930-44d7-8c8e-3820ad5b02aa","owner":[],"postedDate":"December 12th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[{"id":59368935,"name":"Applied Biochemistry"},{"id":59368936,"name":"Chemical Engineering"},{"id":59368937,"name":"Environmental Engineering"},{"id":59368938,"name":"Food Chemistry"},{"id":59368939,"name":"Food Science \u0026 Technology"},{"id":59368940,"name":"Surface chemistry"},{"id":59368941,"name":"Medical Ethics"},{"id":59368942,"name":"Materials Chemistry"},{"id":59368943,"name":"Materials Engineering"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-02-06T15:35:03+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-7894905","link":"https://doi.org/10.4236/msce.2026.141006","journal":{"identity":"journal-of-materials-science-and-chemical-engineering","isVorOnly":true,"title":"Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering"},"publishedOn":"2026-01-23 00:00:00","publishedOnDateReadable":"January 23rd, 2026"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-12-12 20:28:08","video":"","vorDoi":"10.4236/msce.2026.141006","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/msce.2026.141006","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v2","identity":"rs-7894905","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7894905","identity":"rs-7894905","version":["v2"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}