Stratospheric Circulation in the Southern Hemisphere: Links to Tropical Winds, Ozone, and the Hunga Eruption - Part 1: Evidence from ERA5 Reanalysis

Stratospheric Circulation in the Southern Hemisphere: Links to Tropical Winds, Ozone, and the Hunga Eruption - Part 1: Evidence from ERA5 Reanalysis | Authorea try { document.documentElement.classList.add('js'); } catch (e) { } var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'G-8VDV14Y67G']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); })(); Skip to main content Preprints Collections Wiley Open Research IET Open Research Ecological Society of Japan All Collections About About Authorea FAQs Contact Us Quick Search anywhere Search for preprint articles, keywords, etc. Search Search ADVANCED SEARCH SCROLL This is a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. 30 September 2025 V2 Latest version Share on Stratospheric Circulation in the Southern Hemisphere: Links to Tropical Winds, Ozone, and the Hunga Eruption - Part 1: Evidence from ERA5 Reanalysis Authors : Wandi Yu 0000-0001-7106-8131 [email protected] , Xinyue Wang 0000-0003-1848-1933 , William J. Randel 0000-0002-5999-7162 , Rolando R. Garcia 0000-0002-6963-4592 , Paul A. Newman 0000-0003-1139-2508 , Sean M. Davis 0000-0001-9276-6158 , and Karen H. Rosenlof 0000-0002-0903-8270 Authors Info & Affiliations https://doi.org/10.22541/au.175873373.36104271/v2 289 views 172 downloads Contents Abstract Supplementary Material Information & Authors Metrics & Citations View Options References Figures Tables Media Share Abstract The interannual variability of the Southern Hemisphere polar vortex plays a key role in ozone depletion and recovery but this variability and its teleconnection patterns are less understood than in the Northern Hemisphere. Using ERA5 reanalysis data from 1980 to 2022 (43 years), we studied the variability of the Southern Hemisphere vortex by focusing on the location of the winter jet maximum in the upper stratosphere (1 hPa). We identify two dominant modes: In the first one, the core of the jet at 1 hPa remains at lower latitudes (40°S–50°S, LLJ) throughout austral winter (9 years, including 2022 following the Hunga eruption). In the second mode, the core of the jet shifts poleward (60°S–70°S, HLJ) in mid-July and stays at high latitudes throughout August (15 years, including the 2002 and 2019 sudden warming events). In the remaining 19 years, the jet does not fall into either of these modes. LLJ years are linked to weaker upward propagating wave activity near the tropopause and a planetary wave index of refraction that inhibits propagation in the stratosphere; these years also have a stronger, colder polar vortex and greater ozone depletion during late winter and spring. HLJ years show the opposite behavior. Observations suggests a link with the QBO: LLJ years often occur when tropical westerlies are present at 10 hPa; HLJ years occur when tropical easterlies are present at that level. These findings suggest the latitude of the upper stratospheric jet provides a useful diagnostic for understanding Southern Hemisphere stratospheric dynamics. Supplementary Material File (1049540_0_merged_1758578875.pdf) Download 3.89 MB Information & Authors Information Version history V1 Version 1 24 September 2025 V2 Version 2 30 September 2025 Copyright This work is licensed under a Non Exclusive No Reuse License. Keywords hunga meteorology ozone polar vortex qbo stratosphere wave Authors Affiliations Wandi Yu 0000-0001-7106-8131 [email protected] Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory View all articles by this author Xinyue Wang 0000-0003-1848-1933 University of colorado boulder View all articles by this author William J. Randel 0000-0002-5999-7162 National Center for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) View all articles by this author Rolando R. Garcia 0000-0002-6963-4592 National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) View all articles by this author Paul A. Newman 0000-0003-1139-2508 National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) View all articles by this author Sean M. Davis 0000-0001-9276-6158 NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory View all articles by this author Karen H. Rosenlof 0000-0002-0903-8270 Chemical Science Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration View all articles by this author Metrics & Citations Metrics Article Usage 289 views 172 downloads .FvxKWukQNSOunydq8rnd { width: 100px; } Citations Download citation Wandi Yu, Xinyue Wang, William J. Randel, et al. Stratospheric Circulation in the Southern Hemisphere: Links to Tropical Winds, Ozone, and the Hunga Eruption - Part 1: Evidence from ERA5 Reanalysis. Authorea . 30 September 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22541/au.175873373.36104271/v2 If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download. For more information or tips please see 'Downloading to a citation manager' in the Help menu . Format Please select one from the list RIS (ProCite, Reference Manager) EndNote BibTex Medlars RefWorks Direct import Tips for downloading citations document.getElementById('citMgrHelpLink').addEventListener('click', function() { popupHelp(this.href); return false; }); $(".js__slcInclude").on("change", function(e){ if ($(this).val() == 'refworks') $('#direct').prop("checked", false); $('#direct').prop("disabled", ($(this).val() == 'refworks')); }); View Options View options PDF View PDF Figures Tables Media Share Share Share article link Copy Link Copied! Copying failed. 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