Optimization of ultrasonic assisted extraction and biological activity of total flavonoids from Ficus Pumila L. using response surface methodology

To optimize the extraction process and activity detection of total flavonoids from Ficus Pumila . A Box–Behnken design of response surface methodology was employed to further optimize ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions for Ficus Pumila stems total flavonoids ( FPSTF ). The results showed that optimized extraction conditions were ultrasonic power of 240 W, solvent concentration of 61%, ultrasonic time of 61 min and liquid-solid ratio of 25 mL/g. Under these conditions, the mean experimental value of extraction yield (1.07%) was achieved, which was about 2.14 times that of ethanol leaching extraction. As compared to FPSTF, FPSTF after purification ( FPSPTF ) had higher purity of 11.09%, which was nearly 4.37 times higher than that of FPSTF (2.54%). As compared to FPSTF , FPSPTF had higher α -glucosidase and α -amylase inhibitory activities as well as DPPH· and ABTS· + scavenging activities with an IC 50 value of 0.005, 0.008, 0.22 and 0.08 mg/mL, which was 6.00, 16.50, 1.68 and 2.50 times higher than that of FPSTF (0.030, 0.132, 0.37 and 0.20 mg/mL). FPSPTF from F. Pumila could be considered as multifunctional bioactive ingredients to be used in anti-hyperglycemic pharmaceutical formulation and antioxidant.