Utilization of galactomannan from spent coffee grounds as coagulant aid to treat synthetic Congo red wastewater

Utilization of galactomannan from spent coffee grounds as coagulant aid to treat synthetic Congo red wastewater | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Utilization of galactomannan from spent coffee grounds as coagulant aid to treat synthetic Congo red wastewater Hans Kristianto, Sekar Astari Saraswati, Susiana Prasetyo, Asaf K Sugih This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-497538/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Over the last few years, there is a significant growth in research exploring natural based coagulant due to its various benefits to decrease or even substitute the usage of inorganic chemical coagulants. Polysaccharide based coagulant and coagulant aid is a promising source for this purpose, due to its abundance. In this study, we reported utilization of galactomannan extracted from spent coffee grounds as natural coagulant aid in coagulation of Congo red synthetic wastewater. The coagulation was done at fixed dosage of FeCl 3 (160 mg/L) and pH of 6. The effect of galactomannan as coagulant aid was observed by varying galactomannan dosage (0-140 mg/L) and Congo red concentration (20–70 mg/L). It was found that galactomannan as coagulant aid could increase the removal of Congo red, around 30–90% removal, depends on Congo red concentration, compared FeCl 3 only (0–65%). The coagulation adsorption study was also investigated using Langmuir, Freundlich, and Brunauer – Emmet – Teller (BET) isotherm models. It was found that Congo red coagulation using FeCl 3 only was following Langmuir isotherm, indicating monolayer – homogenous formation during the coagulation. On the other hand, with the presence of galactomannan the coagulation was best described by BET isotherm, indicating multilayer – heterogeneous adsorption, possibly due to interparticle bridging of galactomannan during colloid aggregation. The findings in this study suggest synergistic effect of galactomannan and FeCl 3 in the coagulation process and proved potential of galactomannan from spent coffee grounds as natural coagulant aid. Environmental Chemistry coagulant aid Congo red galactomannan natural coagulant spent coffee grounds Full Text Declarations Availability of data and materials All data generated or analyzed during this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Competing interests The authors declare they have no competing interests. Funding This work was supported by Parahyangan Catholic University Centre of Research and Community Service with contract III/LPPM/2021-02/33-P. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-497538","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":38066470,"identity":"4b0f5727-8889-435a-aba0-9808f09c5072","order_by":0,"name":"Hans 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interests\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare they have no competing interests.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis work was supported by Parahyangan Catholic University Centre of Research and Community Service with contract III/LPPM/2021-02/33-P.\u003c/p\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":true,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"coagulant aid, Congo red, galactomannan, natural coagulant, spent coffee grounds","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-497538/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-497538/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eOver the last few years, there is a significant growth in research exploring natural based coagulant due to its various benefits to decrease or even substitute the usage of inorganic chemical coagulants. Polysaccharide based coagulant and coagulant aid is a promising source for this purpose, due to its abundance. In this study, we reported utilization of galactomannan extracted from spent coffee grounds as natural coagulant aid in coagulation of Congo red synthetic wastewater. The coagulation was done at fixed dosage of FeCl\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e (160 mg/L) and pH of 6. The effect of galactomannan as coagulant aid was observed by varying galactomannan dosage (0-140 mg/L) and Congo red concentration (20\u0026ndash;70 mg/L). It was found that galactomannan as coagulant aid could increase the removal of Congo red, around 30\u0026ndash;90% removal, depends on Congo red concentration, compared FeCl\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e only (0\u0026ndash;65%). The coagulation adsorption study was also investigated using Langmuir, Freundlich, and Brunauer \u0026ndash; Emmet \u0026ndash; Teller (BET) isotherm models. It was found that Congo red coagulation using FeCl\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e only was following Langmuir isotherm, indicating monolayer \u0026ndash; homogenous formation during the coagulation. On the other hand, with the presence of galactomannan the coagulation was best described by BET isotherm, indicating multilayer \u0026ndash; heterogeneous adsorption, possibly due to interparticle bridging of galactomannan during colloid aggregation. The findings in this study suggest synergistic effect of galactomannan and FeCl\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e in the coagulation process and proved potential of galactomannan from spent coffee grounds as natural coagulant aid.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Utilization of galactomannan from spent coffee grounds as coagulant aid to treat synthetic Congo red wastewater","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2021-07-09 18:52:56","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-497538/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"fdeeb926-7d3a-403d-8a00-f02a6e4ec16d","owner":[],"postedDate":"July 9th, 2021","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":5611207,"name":"Environmental Chemistry"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2022-03-07T10:06:28+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2021-07-09 18:52:56","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-497538","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-497538","identity":"rs-497538","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"_2-kVJe1T_tPrBINL-cwx","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}