Experimental research into the injectability of cement grouts in reef limestone

Experimental research into the injectability of cement grouts in reef limestone | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Experimental research into the injectability of cement grouts in reef limestone Yuhang Tao, Yi Luo, xiaoqing wei, Jing Wang, Xinping Li This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4522725/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 23 Oct, 2024 Read the published version in Materials and Structures → Version 1 posted 5 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Reef limestone has special pore structures, which makes its seepage characteristics remarkably different from those of conventional terrestrial tight rocks. In this article, the microscopic structure of reef limestone and the water–cement ratio (WCR), cement fineness, and an admixture on flocculated cement particles were studied. Meanwhile, the probability analysis was adopted to evaluate the injectability for reef limestone cement grouts. The results indicate that, as the density of reef limestone increases, the pore size gradually diminishes, the thickness of the wall for cemented walls increases little by little. Generally, reef limestone has many seepage channels, indicating strong grout injectivity; when the WCR is larger and the cement fineness is smaller, the number and the size of flocculated cement particles is smaller, so the injectivity of cement grout is improved; this may be enhanced further after use of an admixture. In summary, the volume fraction of flocculated cement particles in cement grouts, as well as the relative sizes of pores and flocculated cement particles, can affect the degree of grout injectability. Injectability results calculated using the theoretical formula based on these influencing factors are found to match those arising from cement-grouting experiments, verifying the practicability and reliability of the injectability probability formula. reef limestone microscopic structure cement grout injectability probability calculation Full Text Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 23 Oct, 2024 Read the published version in Materials and Structures → Version 1 posted Reviewers agreed at journal 22 Jun, 2024 Reviewers invited by journal 22 Jun, 2024 Editor invited by journal 16 Jun, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 05 Jun, 2024 First submitted to journal 03 Jun, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4522725","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":317714384,"identity":"116c352f-7e12-4340-91df-28b12e62f292","order_by":0,"name":"Yuhang Tao","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Wuhan University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yuhang","middleName":"","lastName":"Tao","suffix":""},{"id":317714385,"identity":"27ba4da8-8f13-4391-858f-58be9e798ba5","order_by":1,"name":"Yi Luo","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Wuhan University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yi","middleName":"","lastName":"Luo","suffix":""},{"id":317714386,"identity":"d928976f-7acc-4adf-98c5-8e52b8825ca7","order_by":2,"name":"xiaoqing wei","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAz0lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFACxgYQKccPZB1gYEggVksCg7FkAzMDsVpAIIEhccMBYrUYHG9uk3j7ozZ9w438Awc+VKQx8Ld349dncOZgs+GchOO5G24kMxyccSaHQeLM2Q14tZjdSGx8zJNwDKzlMG9bBYOBRC4BLfcfNhwGakk3IF7LDUaQLTUJUC05hLXYn0kE+iXtgOHMnscGQL+k8RD0i2T78WcSb2zq5PnZEx8++FCRLMff3otfCxjwMBxGYhMFeBjqiFM4CkbBKBgFIxMAAEFZUSyz2zQpAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Wuhan University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"xiaoqing","middleName":"","lastName":"wei","suffix":""},{"id":317714387,"identity":"a94adb55-fcbd-454f-aa4e-66cef5f3563e","order_by":3,"name":"Jing Wang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Wuhan University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jing","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""},{"id":317714388,"identity":"799368da-582b-4081-bb43-8240d48bfa86","order_by":4,"name":"Xinping Li","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Wuhan University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xinping","middleName":"","lastName":"Li","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-06-03 15:14:34","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4522725/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4522725/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-024-02483-y","type":"published","date":"2024-10-23T15:57:48+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":67681918,"identity":"40d7ae19-b7b2-460f-ad52-e604d7ace0bb","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-10-28 16:11:19","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1849475,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"NEW0530Manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4522725/v1_covered_10f13b9a-fadb-4b41-a2a0-5ee0ecef4dcb.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"Experimental research into the injectability of cement grouts in reef limestone","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":true,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"materials-and-structures","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"maas","sideBox":"Learn more about [Materials and Structures](http://link.springer.com/journal/11527)","snPcode":"11527","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/maas/default2.aspx","title":"Materials and Structures","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"reef limestone, microscopic structure, cement grout, injectability, probability calculation","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4522725/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4522725/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eReef limestone has special pore structures, which makes its seepage characteristics remarkably different from those of conventional terrestrial tight rocks. In this article, the microscopic structure of reef limestone and the water\u0026ndash;cement ratio (WCR), cement fineness, and an admixture on flocculated cement particles were studied. Meanwhile, the probability analysis was adopted to evaluate the injectability for reef limestone cement grouts. The results indicate that, as the density of reef limestone increases, the pore size gradually diminishes, the thickness of the wall for cemented walls increases little by little. Generally, reef limestone has many seepage channels, indicating strong grout injectivity; when the WCR is larger and the cement fineness is smaller, the number and the size of flocculated cement particles is smaller, so the injectivity of cement grout is improved; this may be enhanced further after use of an admixture. In summary, the volume fraction of flocculated cement particles in cement grouts, as well as the relative sizes of pores and flocculated cement particles, can affect the degree of grout injectability. Injectability results calculated using the theoretical formula based on these influencing factors are found to match those arising from cement-grouting experiments, verifying the practicability and reliability of the injectability probability formula.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Experimental research into the injectability of cement grouts in reef limestone","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-07-15 15:59:22","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4522725/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"","date":"2024-06-22T18:11:49+00:00","index":0,"fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2024-06-22T17:08:08+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"Materials and Structures","date":"2024-06-16T07:39:22+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2024-06-05T18:13:22+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Materials and Structures","date":"2024-06-03T10:25:24+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"materials-and-structures","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"maas","sideBox":"Learn more about [Materials and Structures](http://link.springer.com/journal/11527)","snPcode":"11527","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/maas/default2.aspx","title":"Materials and Structures","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"05f118da-0968-4720-8e08-ec8d18b51f4c","owner":[],"postedDate":"July 15th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-10-28T16:03:17+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-4522725","link":"https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-024-02483-y","journal":{"identity":"materials-and-structures","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Materials and Structures"},"publishedOn":"2024-10-23 15:57:48","publishedOnDateReadable":"October 23rd, 2024"},"versionCreatedAt":"2024-07-15 15:59:22","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1617/s11527-024-02483-y","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-024-02483-y","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4522725","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4522725","identity":"rs-4522725","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}