Wind Tunnel Bench Test of a Pitch-and-Plunge Aeroelastic Model Undergoing Nonlinear Post-Flutter Oscillations

Wind Tunnel Bench Test of a Pitch-and-Plunge Aeroelastic Model Undergoing Nonlinear Post-Flutter Oscillations | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Wind Tunnel Bench Test of a Pitch-and-Plunge Aeroelastic Model Undergoing Nonlinear Post-Flutter Oscillations Matheus Martines dos Santos, Arthur Adeodato, Osman Dağlı, Vagner Candido de Sousa This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4176374/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 10 Jun, 2024 Read the published version in Discover Mechanical Engineering → Version 1 posted 12 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Purpose: The nonlinear post-flutter aeroelastic behavior of a classical pitch-and-plunge airfoil model in low-speed wind tunnel bench tests is reported in this study for a range of airflow speeds where stable oscillations are observed. Methods: An experimental airfoil prototype is designed, characterized and evaluated. Time domain data of the airfoil motion as well as other pertinent frequency and bifurcation characteristics are presented for different values of airflow speed, starting at the critical linear flutter speed of the airfoil model and increasing up to the sudden manifestation of violent unstable oscillations (when the test is interrupted for the safety of the structural apparatus). Results: Stable post-flutter nonlinear oscillations, mainly attributed to the dynamic stall phenomenon and in a lesser degree to hardening structural effects, are observed for a range of airflow speeds starting at the neutral stability boundary of the aeroelastic system. The amplitudes of oscillation increase with increasing airflow speed and settle onto a limit-cycle. The coupled frequency of oscillation is dominated by the plunge degree-of-freedom and also increases with increasing airflow speed. The observed critical airfoil cut-in speed of limit-cycle onset is about 8.1 \mps, and the observed cut-out speed of unstable response is about 9.5 \mps. Conclusion: This work contributes with the literature of Aeroelasticity by presenting the realization, evaluation, and wind tunnel test data of a pitch-and-plunge airfoil model undergoing nonlinear post-flutter oscillations that may be useful to support other studies for verification purposes of eventual numerical simulations of similar aeroelastic systems. nonlinear aeroelasticity post-flutter oscillations stall-induced oscillations dynamic stall Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 10 Jun, 2024 Read the published version in Discover Mechanical Engineering → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 07 May, 2024 Reviews received at journal 07 May, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 29 Apr, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 29 Apr, 2024 Reviews received at journal 18 Apr, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 15 Apr, 2024 Reviews received at journal 14 Apr, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 04 Apr, 2024 Reviewers invited by journal 03 Apr, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 03 Apr, 2024 Submission checks completed at journal 03 Apr, 2024 First submitted to journal 27 Mar, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4176374","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":287939992,"identity":"eda53f4c-57e5-4f72-a458-d9ec99a185be","order_by":0,"name":"Matheus Martines dos Santos","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"São Paulo State University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Matheus","middleName":"Martines dos","lastName":"Santos","suffix":""},{"id":287939994,"identity":"9b70ae57-0a72-4767-94ac-d02c8c7419c9","order_by":1,"name":"Arthur Adeodato","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Rio de Janeiro State University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Arthur","middleName":"","lastName":"Adeodato","suffix":""},{"id":287939995,"identity":"12da9ae8-06bc-4d13-87e2-37b53dc8544b","order_by":2,"name":"Osman Dağlı","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Istanbul Technical University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Osman","middleName":"","lastName":"Dağlı","suffix":""},{"id":287939996,"identity":"5e70d5aa-9a2e-4b63-a649-34e8129a3870","order_by":3,"name":"Vagner Candido de Sousa","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA7ElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYNCDDxCKjXgdjDNI1sLMQ4wWg+PHrz34uIfBnl8i/eFn27Y7cvKzG9geV+DTcian3HDGM4bEmTNyjKVz254ZG9w5wG54Bo8WyYacNGmeAwwJBjdyGIBaDidukEhgk2zAp6X/TZr0nwMM9gY30h//tmw7XD9/BgEtQC8ck2Y4wMC44UaCmTRj2+EEhhsEtbxhk+w5IJE4s+eNmWXPucOGG+4cbDfEp4WNP/2ZxI8DNvb87OmPb/woOywvP7v52EN8WhgYeAyAhASSgAQjfg0MDOwP0AQkMNWMglEwCkbByAYAHWRM51PJ9McAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"São Paulo State University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Vagner","middleName":"Candido","lastName":"de Sousa","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-03-27 13:20:03","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4176374/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4176374/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44245-024-00043-w","type":"published","date":"2024-06-10T14:49:46+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":58822130,"identity":"97eaa795-258f-4e11-bb2a-3ca67a5348bf","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-06-21 16:32:30","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1677027,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"PAPAWindTunnel2024a.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4176374/v1_covered_089e1f98-cae4-446c-96a3-e834c8a961ab.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Wind Tunnel Bench Test of a Pitch-and-Plunge Aeroelastic Model Undergoing Nonlinear Post-Flutter Oscillations","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"discover-mechanical-engineering","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"discmecheng","sideBox":"Learn more about [Discover Mechanical Engineering](https://www.springer.com/journal/44245)","snPcode":"44245","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/44245/3","title":"Discover Mechanical Engineering","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Discover Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"nonlinear aeroelasticity, post-flutter oscillations, stall-induced oscillations, dynamic stall","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4176374/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4176374/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003ePurpose:\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe nonlinear post-flutter aeroelastic behavior of a classical pitch-and-plunge airfoil model in low-speed wind tunnel bench tests is reported in this study for a range of airflow speeds where stable oscillations are observed.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMethods:\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAn experimental airfoil prototype is designed, characterized and evaluated. Time domain data of the airfoil motion as well as other pertinent frequency and bifurcation characteristics are presented for different values of airflow speed, starting at the critical linear flutter speed of the airfoil model and increasing up to the sudden manifestation of violent unstable oscillations (when the test is interrupted for the safety of the structural apparatus).\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResults:\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eStable post-flutter nonlinear oscillations, mainly attributed to the dynamic stall phenomenon and in a lesser degree to hardening structural effects, are observed for a range of airflow speeds starting at the neutral stability boundary of the aeroelastic system. The amplitudes of oscillation increase with increasing airflow speed and settle onto a limit-cycle. The coupled frequency of oscillation is dominated by the plunge degree-of-freedom and also increases with increasing airflow speed. The observed critical airfoil cut-in speed of limit-cycle onset is about 8.1 \\mps, and the observed cut-out speed of unstable response is about 9.5 \\mps.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusion:\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis work contributes with the literature of Aeroelasticity by presenting the realization, evaluation, and wind tunnel test data of a pitch-and-plunge airfoil model undergoing nonlinear post-flutter oscillations that may be useful to support other studies for verification purposes of eventual numerical simulations of similar aeroelastic systems.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Wind Tunnel Bench Test of a Pitch-and-Plunge Aeroelastic Model Undergoing Nonlinear Post-Flutter Oscillations","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-04-08 07:16:33","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4176374/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2024-05-07T10:42:22+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2024-05-07T09:29:02+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"54254154957859416011711954825445486027","date":"2024-04-30T00:42:33+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"62832988415684879775317201957982452999","date":"2024-04-30T00:21:53+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2024-04-18T07:55:23+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"f0594f24-4d72-43ce-90c0-a4922e5c4c19","date":"2024-04-15T08:21:05+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2024-04-14T17:03:04+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"b7aa28ef-b182-4d0f-901c-bdd0f74a8970","date":"2024-04-04T08:34:09+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2024-04-03T13:03:57+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2024-04-03T11:31:18+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2024-04-03T11:30:56+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Discover Mechanical Engineering","date":"2024-03-27T13:18:38+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"discover-mechanical-engineering","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"discmecheng","sideBox":"Learn more about [Discover Mechanical Engineering](https://www.springer.com/journal/44245)","snPcode":"44245","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/44245/3","title":"Discover Mechanical Engineering","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Discover Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"8f325c83-cf5e-4607-aa8d-2894710ea997","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 8th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-06-21T14:49:47+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-4176374","link":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44245-024-00043-w","journal":{"identity":"discover-mechanical-engineering","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Discover Mechanical Engineering"},"publishedOn":"2024-06-10 14:49:46","publishedOnDateReadable":"June 10th, 2024"},"versionCreatedAt":"2024-04-08 07:16:33","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1007/s44245-024-00043-w","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44245-024-00043-w","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4176374","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4176374","identity":"rs-4176374","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}