Characterization of the Anterior Loop, Accessory Mental Foramen, and Lateral Lingual Foramen Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography

Characterization of the Anterior Loop, Accessory Mental Foramen, and Lateral Lingual Foramen Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Characterization of the Anterior Loop, Accessory Mental Foramen, and Lateral Lingual Foramen Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Abbas Shokri, Mohammad Mahdi Maleki, Leili Tapak This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4298025/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Objective : The presence of the anterior loop, accessory mental foramen, lateral lingual foramen, and other details in the mental foramen region can complicate surgeries in this area, which may vary among different populations. This study aims to investigate these features in Iranian population. Materials and Methods : This cross-sectional study utilized Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images from patients at the Dental College of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, encompassing 703 patients providing 1362 mandibular halves. Evaluations were conducted on various sections of CBCT images to examine the targeted structures. Data analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics software (v20.0; IBM Corp) with appropriate statistical tests. Results : The anterior loop was observed with a prevalence of 22.15% on the right side with an average length of 2.918 mm (range 1-6 mm) and 22.56% on the left side with an average length of 2.628 mm (range 0.9-5 mm). The nerve exit direction was predominantly vertical (67.27%), posterior (26.91%), and anterior (5.79%). Accessory mental foramina were present in 8.27% of cases, ranging from 1 to 3 foramina with an average count of 1.0446, where 1.51% of individuals had bilateral occurrences. Lateral lingual foramina were found in 45.6% of individuals either on the right or left side, with 24.65% having bilateral presences. Conclusion : According to the findings, ALs, AMFs, and LLFs frequently occur in Iranian population. Considering the impact of racial, gender, and age characteristics on the variations of these anatomical structures, it is recommended to conduct similar studies in different populations. Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4298025","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":293866935,"identity":"b9665f89-af7d-49c6-abc2-900579e3b08b","order_by":0,"name":"Abbas Shokri","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Hamadan University of Medical Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Abbas","middleName":"","lastName":"Shokri","suffix":""},{"id":293866936,"identity":"b575e8bd-43b4-43fb-9b65-9bd3360c1c2d","order_by":1,"name":"Mohammad Mahdi Maleki","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA7UlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACgwNgyoJBgpmx4cAHIJONnYAWS4gWCaAW5oMPZ4C0MBPQYg/XwsCWbMwDYhPSYnaAO4HpRo2EnGQ7j5m0za9t8nzMDIwfPubg08K7gTnnmISxNDNQS27fbcM2ZgZmyZnbCGlhk0icB9bSc5sRqIWNmRePFgOwln8S9WAtlj237YnTktsmkSDNDPQ+w4/biYS1HObdcDi3T8JwZjMwkHsbbie3MTM24/WLwfHejY9zvtnIS5w/2HDgx5/btvPbmw9++IhHCygWDsA5jG1gsgGPegzwhxTFo2AUjIJRMFIAAOmBTJ5qWa6vAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Hamadan University of Medical Sciences","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mohammad","middleName":"Mahdi","lastName":"Maleki","suffix":""},{"id":293866939,"identity":"6d09cd13-71b3-4814-a340-a9f64fe493db","order_by":2,"name":"Leili Tapak","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Hamadan University of Medical Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Leili","middleName":"","lastName":"Tapak","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-04-20 15:06:56","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4298025/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4298025/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":56253797,"identity":"8f3d92a9-0d03-42ff-9e72-869a66513345","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-05-10 13:05:26","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":579196,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"CharacterizationoftheAnteriorLoopAccessoryMentalForamenandLateralLingualForamenUsingConeBeamComputedTomography.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4298025/v1_covered_94ebca15-c5df-4d40-9133-ba9fcc55ac6a.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Characterization of the Anterior Loop, Accessory Mental Foramen, and Lateral Lingual Foramen Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4298025/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4298025/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eObjective\u003c/strong\u003e: The presence of the anterior loop, accessory mental foramen, lateral lingual foramen, and other details in the mental foramen region can complicate surgeries in this area, which may vary among different populations. This study aims to investigate these features in Iranian population.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMaterials and Methods\u003c/strong\u003e: This cross-sectional study utilized Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images from patients at the Dental College of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, encompassing 703 patients providing 1362 mandibular halves. Evaluations were conducted on various sections of CBCT images to examine the targeted structures. Data analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics software (v20.0; IBM Corp) with appropriate statistical tests.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults\u003c/strong\u003e: The anterior loop was observed with a prevalence of 22.15% on the right side with an average length of 2.918 mm (range 1-6 mm) and 22.56% on the left side with an average length of 2.628 mm (range 0.9-5 mm). The nerve exit direction was predominantly vertical (67.27%), posterior (26.91%), and anterior (5.79%). Accessory mental foramina were present in 8.27% of cases, ranging from 1 to 3 foramina with an average count of 1.0446, where 1.51% of individuals had bilateral occurrences. Lateral lingual foramina were found in 45.6% of individuals either on the right or left side, with 24.65% having bilateral presences.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusion\u003c/strong\u003e: According to the findings, ALs, AMFs, and LLFs frequently occur in Iranian population. Considering the impact of racial, gender, and age characteristics on the variations of these anatomical structures, it is recommended to conduct similar studies in different populations.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Characterization of the Anterior Loop, Accessory Mental Foramen, and Lateral Lingual Foramen Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-04-24 13:47:57","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4298025/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"8d1584b1-7b94-444a-8b9b-43ff6d24a574","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 24th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-05-10T12:57:18+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-04-24 13:47:57","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4298025","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4298025","identity":"rs-4298025","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}