Investigation of the strength properties of pine nut shells to develop efficient device for kernel extraction

Investigation of the strength properties of pine nut shells to develop efficient device for kernel extraction | Authorea try { document.documentElement.classList.add('js'); } catch (e) { } var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'G-8VDV14Y67G']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); })(); Skip to main content Preprints Collections Wiley Open Research IET Open Research Ecological Society of Japan All Collections About About Authorea FAQs Contact Us Quick Search anywhere Search for preprint articles, keywords, etc. Search Search ADVANCED SEARCH SCROLL This is a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. 18 February 2025 V1 Latest version Share on Investigation of the strength properties of pine nut shells to develop efficient device for kernel extraction Authors : Khamitbek Ayat 0000-0003-2321-7686 [email protected] , Butabayev Mir , Kairbayeva Ainura , Oralbayev Sarsembek , and Nasrullin Galymzhan Authors Info & Affiliations https://doi.org/10.22541/au.173990885.55961497/v1 230 views 137 downloads Contents Abstract Supplementary Material Information & Authors Metrics & Citations View Options References Figures Tables Media Share Abstract This article is aimed at studying the strength characteristics of the shell of pine nuts in order to develop effective devices capable of accurately splitting the shell, while preserving the core. Rheological properties were analyzed under static and impact loading. Static tests used the ST-2 structurometer with three indenters: Tarr-Baker, 45° cone, and 90° cone. Results showed that a 90° cone indenter at 15–16% shell humidity ensures optimal energy efficiency and kernel safety.Impact tests utilized a custom setup with a jagged load at a 90° angle, dropped from a controlled height. The best cracking occurred at 0.24–0.26 J, corresponding to 35–40 m/s. Theoretical analysis classified pine nut shells as thin-walled spherical structures, allowing the application of structural mechanics principles. Brittle fracture behavior, critical stress thresholds, and impact kinetic energy were studied and experimentally validated.A review of existing devices identified pneumatic dispersion as the most gentle cracking method, though limited by low aerodynamic resistance and acceleration distance. To overcome these challenges, a new two-stage device was developed. It first accelerates nuts using a high-speed toothed disc, followed by compressed air propulsion, reducing kernel damage and improving efficiency.The proposed device enhances pine nut processing for the food and pharmaceutical industries. Supplementary Material File (main text file.docx) Download 3.75 MB Information & Authors Information Version history V1 Version 1 18 February 2025 Copyright This work is licensed under a Non Exclusive No Reuse License. Keywords efficient device pine nut rheological and mechanical properties shell Authors Affiliations Khamitbek Ayat 0000-0003-2321-7686 [email protected] Almaty Technological University View all articles by this author Butabayev Mir Almaty Technological University View all articles by this author Kairbayeva Ainura Almaty Technological University View all articles by this author Oralbayev Sarsembek Almaty Technological University View all articles by this author Nasrullin Galymzhan Almaty Technological University View all articles by this author Metrics & Citations Metrics Article Usage 230 views 137 downloads .FvxKWukQNSOunydq8rnd { width: 100px; } Citations Download citation Khamitbek Ayat, Butabayev Mir, Kairbayeva Ainura, et al. Investigation of the strength properties of pine nut shells to develop efficient device for kernel extraction. Authorea . 18 February 2025. 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