Forensic Significance of Perforation Pattern In Polycarbonate Sheet Against 9 × 19mm Projectile

Forensic Significance of Perforation Pattern In Polycarbonate Sheet Against 9 × 19mm Projectile | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Forensic Significance of Perforation Pattern In Polycarbonate Sheet Against 9 × 19mm Projectile Abhishek Prajapati, Richa Rohatgi, Saurabh Kumar This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-1870052/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Polycarbonate is widely used as structural material due to its extreme resistance to impact and perforation. In a crime involving firearms, the bullet may impact various objects fitted with or made of polycarbonate sheets leaving high chances of discovering the fractured PC sheets and fragments at the scene of crime hence these objects may become objects of the criminal investigation. In the present work the perforation pattern of PC sheets of thicknesses 8mm, 10mm, 12mm and 15mm at firing ranges 5m and 10m when impacted against 9×19mm Full Metal Jacket (FMJ) bullet were examined. It was observed that after impact the PC sheet develops entry hole smaller than the calibre of bullet; formation of crack zone, plastic zone; and petalling on the distal face were observed. It was found that as the thickness of the sheet increases, the diameter of the entry hole increases. The diameter of the exit hole initially increases and then becomes constant. At 5m range of fire the trend of crack zone becomes nearly constant from 8mm to 15mm thickness, however, at 10m range of fire crack zone increases from 8mm to 15mm thickness. Furthermore, the diameter of plastic zone increases as the thickness of the sheet increases (from 8mm to 15mm respectively). Forensic significance perforation pattern polycarbonate sheet 9 ×19mm FMJ projectile ballistic impact fracture analysis Full Text Declarations Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-1870052","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":123545503,"identity":"d545c29f-9512-4b19-a1c5-8e18a4ae4606","order_by":0,"name":"Abhishek Prajapati","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"National Forensic Sciences University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Abhishek","middleName":"","lastName":"Prajapati","suffix":""},{"id":123545504,"identity":"1d677637-9f6e-4958-b149-9523d52c4193","order_by":1,"name":"Richa Rohatgi","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA9klEQVRIie3PMWvCQBTA8TsexOWp64UL+BWUgKWg5KtcKKRL/QYqgnAusbPFwW/hHAmki3Qu3KK7Q9yiZDBpXTU3Ct5/eMeD9xuOEJPpMbPKgU2AKErLtaZFBEF7Jv39olxBk5D2duu6WO5V5GUZJ7tTNnLIr+jy3nndagCh6fHjNnF+gvdOKL6RLkTAB5+qI4GA/bW+TRhil6FIEJhI+CBUtCAW1CuInRfEYr7kr6HytAhHMUTEGFySKV+DWAF3gghZTdL9fKLeJNBpxV8gsQ+9sefFzTTKctVfzaab9HiHXIv/Hyr/5qTyvmh8fXOdY5PJZHq2LtbqSiduDmqZAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5514-953X","institution":"National Forensic Sciences University","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Richa","middleName":"","lastName":"Rohatgi","suffix":""},{"id":123545505,"identity":"b494d93a-e8cb-4f09-ba95-b02474a5b81f","order_by":2,"name":"Saurabh Kumar","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"National Forensic Sciences University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Saurabh","middleName":"","lastName":"Kumar","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2022-07-18 13:00:40","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-1870052/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1870052/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":24746876,"identity":"0fd5a98c-6dcc-4df8-a46e-7dd8a8a01dfc","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2022-08-03 19:55:45","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1045568,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"FullArticle.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-1870052/v1_covered.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eForensic Significance of Perforation Pattern In Polycarbonate Sheet Against 9 × 19mm Projectile \u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"Full Text","content":"This preprint is available for \u003ca href='/article/rs-1870052/latest.pdf' target='_blank'\u003edownload as a PDF\u003c/a\u003e."},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003eCompeting interests: The authors declare no competing interests.\u003c/p\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Forensic significance, perforation pattern, polycarbonate sheet, 9 ×19mm FMJ projectile, ballistic impact, fracture analysis","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-1870052/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1870052/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"Polycarbonate is widely used as structural material due to its extreme resistance to impact and perforation. In a crime involving firearms, the bullet may impact various objects fitted with or made of polycarbonate sheets leaving high chances of discovering the fractured PC sheets and fragments at the scene of crime hence these objects may become objects of the criminal investigation. In the present work the perforation pattern of PC sheets of thicknesses 8mm, 10mm, 12mm and 15mm at firing ranges 5m and 10m when impacted against 9×19mm Full Metal Jacket (FMJ) bullet were examined. It was observed that after impact the PC sheet develops entry hole smaller than the calibre of bullet; formation of crack zone, plastic zone; and petalling on the distal face were observed. It was found that as the thickness of the sheet increases, the diameter of the entry hole increases. The diameter of the exit hole initially increases and then becomes constant. At 5m range of fire the trend of crack zone becomes nearly constant from 8mm to 15mm thickness, however, at 10m range of fire crack zone increases from 8mm to 15mm thickness. Furthermore, the diameter of plastic zone increases as the thickness of the sheet increases (from 8mm to 15mm respectively).","manuscriptTitle":"Forensic Significance of Perforation Pattern In Polycarbonate Sheet Against 9 × 19mm Projectile","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2022-08-03 19:55:33","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-1870052/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"2b4c510b-9a90-460f-bfeb-c9f91e080589","owner":[],"postedDate":"August 3rd, 2022","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2022-08-03T19:55:33+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2022-08-03 19:55:33","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-1870052","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-1870052","identity":"rs-1870052","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"7rjqhiLT3MXkJMwkYKINL","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}