Influence of Irrigation and Integrated Nutrient Management on Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Production in Ethiopia: A Review

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is the second most widely consumed cultivar of Allium after onions in terms of production and consumption worldwide. Allium is the genus that contains garlic, which is a part of the Alliaceous family. It spread and was introduced to new countries through trade and colonization. Highlands (1500–3456 m) with subtropical to temperate climates, well-drained sandy, silty clay soils, pH values of 7, and perfect storage conditions are good for garlic cultivation. People have known that garlic is a significant spice and healing herb for over 5000 years. In Ethiopia's agroecology, garlic cultivation has a lot of potential and chances. from 16,411.19 coverage hectares in 2013/14 to 15,980 coverage hectares in 2020/21, there was a decline in garlic output. With an average productivity of 7.8 tons/ha, the Ethiopian garlic output is below the global average of 18.4 tons/ha. The nutrients from organic sources are released more slowly than those from mineral fertilizers because they must first break down with bacteria for plants to access them. Using organic sources has several advantages, including improving soil moisture capacity, rooting conditions, adding nutrients not found in mineral fertilizers, and replenishing soil organic matter. Drip irrigation systems are better suited for plants with shallow roots because they retain the nutrient solution around roots for a longer amount of time than other systems. This review article aimed to demonstrate the influence of irrigation and integrated nutrient management on Garlic production. This is particularly essential in areas where soil fertility has deteriorated.