Study of Analytical Methods for Determining 16 Organophosphorus Pesticide Residues in Panax Notoginseng and Aucklandia Lappa Decne by Automated Solid-Phase Extraction System and GC/MS

Study of Analytical Methods for Determining 16 Organophosphorus Pesticide Residues in Panax Notoginseng and Aucklandia Lappa Decne by Automated Solid-Phase Extraction System and GC/MS | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Study of Analytical Methods for Determining 16 Organophosphorus Pesticide Residues in Panax Notoginseng and Aucklandia Lappa Decne by Automated Solid-Phase Extraction System and GC/MS Na Wu, Gaozhang Gou, Dachao Liang, Jinru Ruan, Wei Liu, Shaoping Feng This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-150299/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract A fast and sensitive multi-residue analytical method was developed for the determination of organophosphorus pesticide residues in Panax notoginseng and Aucklandia lappa decne by comparing an ultrasonic extraction and homogenate extraction approach coupled with automated solid-phase extraction system and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Various factors affecting the homogenate extraction and purification efficiency were investigated in detail. The optimum conditions for homogenate extraction of organophosphorus pesticide residues from Panax notoginseng and Aucklandia lappa decne were 60 mL dichloromethane, 10000 r/min of extracting revolution speed and 2 min of extracting time. The extracts were cleaned up by automated solid-phase extraction system and determined by GC/MS. Under the optimum conditions, the results of the homogenate extraction approach were compared with those of the ultrasonic extraction, and the homogenate extraction approach was used to extract the samples. The average recoveries of the method by a homogenate extraction approach coupled with automated solid-phase extraction system and GC/MS ranged from 72.56% to 96.70%, and RSDs were 0.05~0.14%, which allowed the determination of 16 organophosphorus pesticide residues in Panax notoginseng and Aucklandia lappa decne. The results indicated that the proposed method can apply for the determination of organophosphate pesticides residues in Panax notoginseng and Aucklandia lappa decne with high accuracy and precision. Agroecology Environmental Policy Physical Chemistry Comparative study Sample preparation methods Organophosphorus pesticide residues Panax notoginseng and Aucklandia lappa decne Automated solid-phase extraction system Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Figures Figure 1 1. Introduction Pesticide residues refer to pesticides, their toxic metabolites and degradation products and any impurities that may live on or in an biosome, farm products, or the environment after pesticides are used 1-3 . Sometimes pesticide residues are inevitable; however, once the residue reaches its limitation, it can make a series of danger to humans and animals or other organism in the ecological system by the food cycle 4 . The organophosphate pesticides (OPPs) were widely used and leaded to the repeated incidents of poisoning, and therefore, self-poisoning with organophosphate pesticides is a significant global health problem 5-7 . Hence, a ban was imposed on the use of toxic pesticides, including OPPs, such as methamidophos, parathion, monocrotophos, methyl parathion, etc 8-10 . The rules linking pesticides on plants and in agricultural products have be set up so far by a lot of international organizations and countries. With the remarkable enhancements in testing methods and analytical techniques of pesticide residues and the extensive attention of consumer safety in recent years, the developed countries have become strictly monitoring both the terms of pesticide class or amount and maximum residue levels (MRLs) in foodpesticide residues 11-14 . Multiresidue analytical systems, which have been developed worldwide, can simultaneously determine over three hundred pesticides 15 . The MRLs of 9 organochlorines (OCPs) were prescriptive in the Chinese pharmacopoeia, which involved benzene hexachloride (BHC), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB). Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae and Radix Astragali in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (Ch.P) were involved 16 . The first draft of the quality standards from china in July 2001, which had something to do with green professional standards for import and export of officinal plants and products, was issued and enforced in the ministry of foreign trade and economic cooperation. The 9 OCPs and aldrin were included according to the standards. The analytical methods of 3 pyrethroids and 12 OPPs were supplied separately in the Ch.P, but MRLs were not prescriptive. In order to improve the international regulations and standards of pesticide residues from Chinese traditional medicine, further research have been needed 17 . The main food safety issues focused on pesticide residues. Especially the MRLs of pesticide residues from many countries and health organizations had published. People have paid a more attention to analytical methods of remnant pesticides, so the analytical methods possessing sureness, simpleness, speediness, relatively steady, highly sensitive and repeatability is required. The sample pre-treatment and detected techniques have a crucial effect on the accuracy and precision of the analytical methods. The sample pre-treatment techniques include liquid-liquid extraction, liquid-solid extraction, shaking extraction, soxhlet extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, pressurized solvent extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, gel permeation chromatography, solid phase extraction, solid phase microextraction, molecularly imprinted polymers, matrix solid-phase dispersion, QuEChERS, cloud-point extraction, liquid phase microextraction, etc 18-22 . Automated solid-phase extraction system achieves artificial intelligence in the sample pre-treatment techniques. With the significantly improving requirements in environmental quality and food safety, quantity of submitted test samples is increasing. Hence, this increase requires that the analytical method is fast, ingenious, accurate, and convenient. In order to accelerate the process of internationalizing and modernizing traditional Chinese herbal medicine, analysis methods, including GC,LC,GC/MS,LC/MS,SFC,CE,CE/MS and ELISAs for the detection of pesticide residues have been used to determine pesticide residues 23-26 . Great progress has been made on new analytical methods and techniques at present, especially in pesticides multiresidue analyses method. The analysises of multipesticide residues from the same class of pesticid and a trial sample of new single pesticides in Panax notoginseng were also reported 27,28 . Panax notoginseng belonging to araliaceae species which mainly produced in the any counties of WenShan prefecture from Yunnan provinces of China. The origin of artificially cultivated Panax notoginseng are expanding from WenShan prefecture to other areas in Yunnan provinces. The dry roots and rhizomes of Panax notoginseng were position and has the functions of removing stasis, stopping blood and pain, activating blood 29,30 . Aucklandia lappa decne belonging to asteraceae perennial herb which mainly produced in Yunnan places like Lijiang Naxi Autonomous County and Ludian County, Zhaotong City. The origin of artificially cultivated Aucklandia lappa decne are distributed mainly over Sichuan,Yunnan, Guangxi and Guizhou provinces. Aucklandia lappa decne has the functions of stomach,tocolysis,relieving pain, regulating Qi and soothing the nerves. The application of OPPs in processes of rtificially cultivated Panax notoginseng and Aucklandia lappa decne were unavoidable, but there are few standard of detective pesticide residue in Panax notoginseng and Aucklandia lappa decne . For these reasons above, a rapid and simple analytical method with high accuracy and precision for determining 17 organophosphorus pesticide residues in Panax notoginseng and Aucklandia lappa decne by automated solid-phase extraction system and GC/MS was developed in this paper. The rapid and simple method for the simultaneous determination of 16 organophosphorus pesticide residues in Panax notoginseng and Aucklandia lappa decne was developed by comparing an ultrasonic extraction and homogenate extraction and optimizing purification conditions of automated solid-phase extraction system, which can meet the requirement of determining pesticide residues from Panax notoginseng and Aucklandia lappa decne . 2. Experimental 2.1 Apparatus, Chemicals and Materials A Shimadzu GC/MS-QP2010 Ultra (Shimadzu,Japan), a J2 automated solid-phase extraction system (J2 Scientific,USA), a rotary evaporator (Switzerland, Germany),an electronic balance (Switzerland,Germany),a vortex mixer (Beijing, China),a universal pulverizer (Tianjin,China),an ultrasound cleaner (Shanghai,China) and the homogenate approach (Jiangsu,China) were used. Acetone, dichloromethane,and n-hexane, all of analytical reagent grade, were from Tianjin University and were purchased from Tianjin Chemical Experiment Plant (Tianjin,China). Methylbenzene,acetonitrile,and methyl alcohol were all of HPLC grade and were purchased from Tedia (Fairfield,OH,USA). Anhydrous sodium sulfate and sodium chloride (Shanghai,China) were baked at 450°C for 4 h and stored in a desiccator before use. The standards of 17 OPPs (methamidophos, dichlorvos, acephate, omethoate, monocrotophos, phorate, phosphamidon, methyl parathion, fenitrothion, malathion, fenthion, chlorpyrifos, parathion, profenofos, triazophos, imidan, phosalone) with a solution concentration of 1000 mg/L were purchased from Quality Testing and Inspection Centre of the Ministry of Agriculture for Agricultural Products (Beijing, China). Panax notoginseng and Aucklandia lappa decne samples were purchased from local markets (Yunnan, China). Solid-phase extraction cartridges (SPE cartridges) containing C 18 , NH 4 and Florisil were purchased from Agela Technologies (Tianjin, China). 2.2 GC/MS conditions The separation was performed on an Rtx-5MS quartz capillary column (30 m × 0.25 mm, I.D. 0.25 µm) with a helium flow rate of 1.20 mL.min -1 in a constant flow mode using the following oven temperature program: 70 °C (1 min) to 250 °C (2 min) at a rate of 8°C.min -1 and 250 °C (2 min) to 300 °C (10 min) at a rate of 5°C.min -1 . The injection inlet temperature was set at 250 °C, and a 1.0 µL volume was injected. Helium was the carrier gas. Using the splitless injection, the total analysis time was 45.5 min. The mass spectrometer was operated in electron ionization mode with an ionizing energy of 70 eV, an ion source temperature of 230°C,and an MS quad temperature of 280 °C. The scan ranged from m/z 45 to 500,and the solvent delay was 3.5 min. Under the above GC-MS conditions,the total ion chromatogram (TIC) of 17 OPPs was obtained (Fig. 1). 2.3 Standard solution preparation The 0.90 mg (accurate to 0.01 mg) individual pesticide standards of 17 OPPs were weighed and redissolved in methylbenzene to make 10mL,which was to obtain the mixed standard reserve fluid of 17 OPPs. The standard stock mixtures were then diluted to 4.5 µg.mL -1 with acetone. The series of mixed standard working solutions for 2.00, 1.00, 0.50, 0.25, 0.10, and 0.05 µg.mL -1 were made up by the dilution method step by step with acetone. The standard solutions were stored in the dark at -4°C before use. 2.4 Sample preparation The samples were pulverized into fine powders, sieved through 80 mesh and dried at 60 °C for 4 h. One gram of powder was then weighed accurately, and 60 mL of dichloromethane was added. The mixture was extracted for 2 min via homogenate extraction at 10000 r/min, and then 1.0 g sodium sulfate anhydrous and 1.0 g sodium chloride were added. After filtration, the extracts were transferred into a flat-bottomed flask and condensed on a rotary evaporator at 40°C under vacuum until a volume of 5 mL was reached. The concentrated solutions were purified with Florisil solid-phase extraction cartridges by an automated solid-phase extraction system. The solid-phase extraction cartridges with the adsorbed extracts were eluted with 5 mL of m ethylbenzene - acetonitrile (1:3, v/v) three times. The eluate solution was collected and evaporated until near dryness by a rotary evaporator with a water bath at 38°C. Finally, the residues were resuspended in 1.00 mL of acetone and filtered through a 0.45 µm PTFE filter for GC-MS analysis. 2.5 Investigation of extraction and purification profiles 2.5.1 Investigation of ultrasonic extraction profiles The extraction technology implemented for the analysis of 17 OPPs from Panax notoginseng was under study, and the effects of factors such as extraction repetition and duration, extraction solvent and solvent volume on the extraction rate of 17 OPPs were examined through orthogonal experiments. The extraction repetition and duration, extraction solvent and solvent volume were screened, and an L9(3 4 ) (Table 1) orthogonal test was applied. Table 1 The factors and levels of the ultrasonic extraction orthogonal experiment Factors Levels 1 2 3 A (Solvent) Methanol Acetonitrile Dichloromethane B (Volume)/mL 20 40 60 C (Repetitions) 1 2 3 D (Duration)/min 15 30 45 2.5.2 Investigation of homogenate extraction profiles The homogenate extraction approach of 17 OPPs from Panax notoginseng was under study, and the effects of factors such as time, revolution speed of homogenate extraction, extraction solvent and solvent volume on the extraction rate of 17 OPPs were examined through orthogonal experiments. The factors were screened, and an L9(3 4 ) (Table 2) orthogonal test was applied. Table 2 The factor and level of the homogenate extraction orthogonal experiment Factors Levels 1 2 3 A (S olvent ) Methanol A cetonitrile Dichloromethane B (Volume)/ mL 30 40 60 C (Revolution speed)/ r/min 10000 15000 20000 D (Time)/min 2 3 5 2.5.3 Investigation of purification profiles The most effective purifying condition for 17 OPPs from Panax notoginseng was obtained experimentally by the orthogonal test design method. The influence of factors such as eluate, elution volume and times, and different solid-phase cartridges on the purification profiles were investigated. The factors were screened, and an L9(3 4 ) (Table 3) orthogonal test was applied. Table 3 The factors and levels of the purification orthogonal experiment Factors Levels 1 2 3 A (Eluate) (volume batching) Acetone and N-hexane (1:1,V/V) Methylbenzene and Acetonitrile (1:3,V/V) Cyclohexane and Ethyl acetate (1:1,V/V) B (Volume)/mL 5 10 20 C (Solid-phase cartridges) C 18 NH 4 Florisil D(times) 1 2 3 3. Results And Discussion 3.1 Selection of Quantization and qualifying ion Single standard solutions of 17 OPPs was monitored with the full-scan mode (SCAN) by GC/MS.One quantitative ion and two or three qualitative ions of each compound were confirmed.The detection method for 17 OPPs from 4.5 µg/m was established with the selected ion monitoring mode (SIM). The results are shown in Table 4. Table 4 Parameters for the determination of OPPs in Panax notoginseng by GC/MS NO. Pesticides Retention time The qualitative and quantitative ions (* the quantitative ions) (min) (m/z) 1 Methamidophos 6.983 94*, 141, 47, 64 2 Dichlorvos 7.241 109*, 79, 185, 145 3 Acephate 9.795 136*, 94, 47, 125 4 Omethoate 11.817 156*, 110, 79, 126 5 Monocrotophos 13.164 127*, 97, 67, 192 6 Phorate 13.330 75*, 121, 260, 231 7 Phosphamidon 15.417 127*, 264, 15, 205 8 Methyl parathion 16.965 109*, 125, 263, 79 9 Fenitrothion 18.228 125*, 109, 260, 277 10 Malathion 18.712 173*, 127, 93, 185 11 Fenthion 19.111 278*, 125, 169, 245 12 Chlorpyrifos 19.146 314*, 197, 28, 268 13 Parathion 19.259 291*, 109, 137, 97 14 Profenofos 23.330 139*, 208, 337, 269 15 Triazophos 26.695 161*, 257, 285, 172 16 Imidan 30.185 160*, 317, 133, 77 17 Phosalone 32.368 182*, 121, 154, 367 3.2 Selection of ultrasonic extraction and homogenate extraction conditions Based on the orthogonal test and multiple standard addition method, the data in Table 5 were obtained using the ultrasonic and homogenate extraction methods. Both of intuitionistic analysis and square-difference analysis is applied to analyze the data from Table 5, and the results are shown in Table 6, from which indicated that the dominant influence on the investigation factors for 17 OPPs from Panax notoginseng were the type of solvent used for the ultrasonic and homogenate extraction methods. For other factors with the ultrasonic and homogenate extraction, the effects on extraction efficiency were ranked as follows: C>B>D. The results showed the optimal conditions (A 3 B 1 C 1 D 2 ) for the extraction of 17 OPPs from Panax notoginseng by ultrasonic extraction were as follows: Panax notoginseng was extracted with approximately 20 mL of dichloromethane, and the extraction replication and duration times were one and 30 min, respectively. The results showed that the optimal conditions (A 3 B 3 C 1 D 1 ) for the extraction of 17 OPPs from Panax notoginseng by the homogenate extraction method were as follows: Panax notoginseng was extracted with approximately 60 mL of dichloromethane, and the extraction time was 2 min at 10000 r/min. Table 5 The recovery results of the extraction rates in ultrasonic and homogenate extraction by L9(3 4 ) (%) Extraction method NO. Methamidophos Dichlorvos Acephate Omethoate Monocrotophos Phorate Phosphamidon Methyl parathion Ultrasonic extraction 1 67.95 77.32 75.59 68.27 64.52 73.27 69.66 93.43 2 67.89 76.7 75.45 67.88 63.98 72.9 69.39 91.36 3 59.72 74.43 75.14 67.42 61.66 70.51 67.99 58.99 4 62.95 62.9 65.65 64.26 78.27 79.55 71.33 75.83 5 67.96 63.71 66.84 65.50 81.51 76.62 72.3 76.83 6 61.37 61.31 70.96 66.18 70.89 65.36 63.99 86.66 7 67.68 76.72 75.56 67.63 63.32 72.32 69.23 95.43 8 64.31 62.85 72.56 63.98 81.52 65.29 69.54 85.13 9 65.13 61.58 73.82 65.86 80.44 62.48 69.56 86.84 Homogenate extraction 1 69.06 75.21 75.97 74.75 66.23 62.58 71.23 68.91 2 45.94 76.28 75.99 75.28 67.09 63.49 71.91 69.76 3 55.78 75.61 75.97 75.25 67.34 62.57 71.73 69.70 4 59.45 63.01 73.03 74.42 66.03 85.53 78.11 71.91 5 67.96 65.08 71.84 73.85 62.35 91.91 81.76 69.72 6 62.96 73.71 71.62 73.34 60.63 96.29 92.89 69.68 7 64.78 79.96 67.62 73.12 61.98 95.95 97.03 80.35 8 65.76 72.06 71.95 7346 63.33 97.32 80.52 72.88 9 66.99 62.22 74.38 73.93 65.03 80.88 67.52 65.04 Table 5 The recovery results of the extraction rates in ultrasonic and homogenate extraction by L9(3 4 ) (%) (Continued) Extraction method NO. Fenitrothion Malathion Fenthion Chlorpyrifos Parathion Profenofos Triazophos Imidan Phosalone Ultrasonic extraction 1 68.96 65.78 63.49 61.01 67.43 67.40 76.02 61.84 66.2 2 68.55 65.20 63.25 61.37 67.50 66.9 75.91 61.95 65.88 3 66.35 62.46 60.24 63.69 64.36 65.02 74.42 62.24 63.99 4 84.54 83.55 94.05 101.1 59.87 60.41 62.89 63.11 64.94 5 83.18 85.15 92.11 101.22 51.04 60.40 63.71 62.79 64.47 6 71.28 71.68 79.14 85.30 60.00 67.39 61.31 62.85 61.15 7 67.94 64.76 62.54 62.08 68.00 52.43 67.72 50.25 49.33 8 75.60 80.81 86.96 98.35 62.17 67.23 62.85 61.82 66.39 9 74.72 79.16 84.76 95.43 68.41 66.39 61.58 61.82 66.39 Homogenate extraction 1 27.00 67.2 64.34 60.04 63.66 68.33 48.78 61.87 66.38 2 43.98 67.94 65.06 61.63 62.54 67.59 60.87 61.91 66.41 3 45.66 67.44 64.12 61.08 63.14 67.19 67.38 61.85 66.42 4 74.25 91.53 90.27 100.74 117.98 46.72 67.37 34.77 60.38 5 66.94 94.66 101.5 107.36 131.25 68.35 56.89 59.19 45.67 6 64.85 100.25 103.16 110.81 135.37 68.38 67.37 57.94 65.76 7 70.70 88.31 85.18 101.53 128.93 68.27 67.37 49.57 48.77 8 70.23 93.24 97.05 103.67 125.92 68.37 67.35 49.76 54.32 9 81.83 79.52 97.98 89.73 105.79 68.41 67.36 61.82 61.54 Table 6 The analysis results of intuitionistic analysis and square-difference analysis through orthogonal experiment with ultrasonic and homogenate extraction Extraction method NO. A B C D Result Ultrasonic extraction 1 1 1 1 1 30.5099 2 1 2 2 2 8.5829 3 1 3 3 3 6.4947 4 2 1 2 3 58.7942 5 2 2 3 1 24.9327 6 2 3 1 2 72.5786 7 3 1 3 2 53.5518 8 3 2 1 3 67.4066 9 3 3 2 1 57.8401 Averaged 1 15.196 47.619 56.832 37.761 -- Averaged 2 52.102 33.641 41.739 44.904 -- Averaged 3 59.600 45.638 28.326 44.232 -- Range 44.404 13.978 28.506 7.143 -- Homogenate extraction A B C D Result 1 1 1 1 1 32.7974 2 1 2 2 2 13.8500 3 1 3 3 3 18.8223 4 2 1 2 3 4.0959 5 2 2 3 1 76.1613 6 2 3 1 2 102.4241 7 3 1 3 2 69.8418 8 3 2 1 3 78.4418 9 3 3 2 1 80.2859 Averaged 1 21.823 35.578 71.221 63.082 -- Averaged 2 60.894 56.151 32.744 62.039 -- Averaged 3 76.190 67.177 54.942 33.787 -- Range 54.367 31.599 38.477 29.295 -- 3.3 Selection of purification conditions Chinese medicinal materials contain a variety of matrices; thus, a clean-up procedure is necessary. [19] Based on the orthogonal test and multiple standard addition method, the data in Table 7 are the purification profiles of the orthogonal L9(3 4 ) method implemented. The recovery results of the purification profiles are shown in Table 7. The results of the intuitionistic analysis and square-difference analysis are shown in Table 8. The results of the experiments and the intuitionistic analysis and square-difference analysis of experimental (Table 7 and Table 8) results showed that the dominant influence on the purification recoveries of 17 OPPs was the type of eluting solvent. For other factors, the effects of the purification profiles were ranked as follows: B>D>C. The optimal purification conditions were a combination of A 3 B 3 C 1 D 1 that 3 extractions with approximately 5 mL of methylbenzene-acetonitrile (1:3, V/V) each time from Florisil solid-phase cartridges met the requirement for the purification of the 17 OPPs. Table 7 The recovery results of the purification profiles by L9(3 4 ) (%) NO. Methamidophos Dichlorvos Acephate Omethoate Monocrotophos Phorate Phosphamidon 1 55.99 65.76 62.46 64.34 54.51 53.54 57.99 2 51.77 63.56 73.44 61.17 51.79 50.77 54.93 3 62.49 65.95 63.49 73.91 52.06 54.38 54.24 4 56.39 66.31 58.79 60.14 150.58 53.71 88.13 5 50.91 66.48 63.25 53.36 88.13 54.52 96.50 6 55.11 51.99 55.65 63.04 65.29 53.79 69.44 7 51.18 63.02 50.80 54.65 63.48 54.36 74.60 8 56.66 67.46 65.34 64.26 55.13 54.78 73.59 9 57.62 67.07 65.06 62.75 54.55 54.67 52.88 Table 7 The recovery results of the purification profiles by L9(3 4 ) (%) (Continued ) NO. Methyl parathion Fenitrothion Malathion Fenthion Chlorpyrifos Parathion Profenofos Triazophos Imidan Phosalone 1 58.47 59.34 57.59 54.43 51.41 52.05 53.84 55.65 52.78 54.15 2 56.54 51.29 53.49 50.25 51.02 54.46 50.52 50.62 54.57 50.31 3 59.41 75.46 58.56 55.44 52.83 51.31 56.61 55.09 52.17 55.47 4 54.17 79.81 54.86 55.74 108.09 51.69 50.89 58.53 52.34 53.79 5 55.42 71.84 52.56 55.80 51.77 51.61 54.71 55.72 52.33 54.82 6 51.95 70.51 53.82 55.91 136.44 52.31 56.58 53.31 52.25 54.01 7 76.11 97.41 56.22 54.64 60.13 50.87 64.04 60.66 55.63 52.50 8 57.47 62.31 57.61 55.97 53.58 51.20 55.74 56.39 52.32 54.78 9 57.78 81.35 58.05 55.94 53.67 50.96 57.56 56.57 51.97 55.66 Table 8 The analysis results of intuitionistic analysis and square-difference analysis through orthogonal experiment with automated solid-phase extraction system NO. A B C D Result 1 1 1 1 1 104.7890 2 1 2 2 2 104.7031 3 1 3 3 3 106.3391 4 2 1 2 3 114.3657 5 2 2 3 1 108.2106 6 2 3 1 2 108.4004 7 3 1 3 2 111.6991 8 3 2 1 3 106.3132 9 3 3 2 1 105.2920 Averaged 1 105.277 110.285 106.501 106.097 -- Averaged 2 110.326 106.409 108.120 108.268 -- Averaged 3 107.767 106.676 108.750 109.006 -- Range 5.049 3.876 2.249 2.909 -- 3.4 Methodology validation 3.4.1 Calibration curves, determination coefficients and LODs To confirm that the optimized method was suitable for application, precision, recovery, linear range and detection limits (LODs) were evaluated for the analytical approach developed using samples of Panax notoginseng . Quantitative analysis was achieved using an external standard. The calibration curve was obtained by analyzing blank Panax notoginseng samples spiked with pesticides at the same levels (Table 9). For detection of the 17 OPPs by GC/MS, the LODs were 0.12~0.52×10 -3 μg. The acceptable linearity was indicated by the determination coefficients, which ranged from 0.9928 to 0.9999. Table 9 Calibration curves, determination coefficients and LODs of the pesticides analyzed by GC/MS NO. Pesticide Calibration curve Determination coefficient/r Linear range (g/mL) LODs (×10 -3 μg) 1 Methamidophos Y = 1578831X + 125793.7 0.9941 0.005～2.0 0.12 2 Dichlorvos Y = 2852786X + 455151.9 0.9945 0.005～2.0 0.17 3 Acephate Y = 662784.3X+ 104183.2 0.9986 0.005～2.0 0.2 4 Omethoate Y = 585230.1X+ 82190.18 0.9928 0.005～2.0 0.31 5 Monocrotophos Y = 1810437X + 138459.1 0.9947 0.005～2.0 0.26 6 Phorate Y = 3379836X + 149327.7 0.9980 0.005～2.0 0.38 7 Phosphamidon Y = 296661.7X+ 36655.06 0.9909 0.005～2.0 0.21 8 Methyl parathion Y = 1037505X + 100506.8 0.9973 0.005～2.0 0.46 9 Fenitrothion Y =906542.2X + 315367.7 0.9954 0.005～2.0 0.52 10 Malathion Y = 1514504X + 128704.2 0.9967 0.005～2.0 0.32 11 Fenthion Y = 2456014X + 139159.0 0.9973 0.005～2.0 0.45 12 Chlorpyrifos Y =661122.3X + 28795.83 0.9971 0.005～2.0 0.13 13 Parathion Y =661122.3X + 28795.83 0.9971 0.005～2.0 0.37 14 Profenofos Y = 635449.9X - 4061.267 0.9999 0.005～2.0 0.42 15 Triazophos Y = 1102994X + 73458.66 0.9974 0.005～2.0 0.18 16 Imidan Y = 6699876X - 109404.20 0.9987 0.005～2.0 0.41 17 Phosalone Y = 1403894X + 81005.27 0.9969 0.005～2.0 0.22 3.4.2 Results of methodology validation Under the optimized extraction, purification and detection conditions for 17 OPPs in Panax notoginseng determined by orthogonal design, two analytical methods were developed. In the first method, Panax notoginseng was extracted by ultrasonic extraction. The extracts were cleaned up by an automated solid-phase extraction system and determined by GC/MS. The second method used homogenate extraction. Experiments in which standards were added to the samples to determine the recovery rate were performed. The standard recovery test results for the two methods and calculation of the recovery rate are shown in Table 10. The average recoveries of the first method ranged from 43.37% to 85.63%, with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 0.07~0.17% (n=3). The average recoveries of the second method ranged from 67.88% to 96.70%, with RSDs of 0.05~0.14% (n=3). The results showed that the average recoveries of the first method were often relatively lower the second method. Therefore, the analytical method was developed by homogenate extraction and automated solid-phase extraction system(the specific condition shown in 3.2 and 3.3). The average recovery (67.88%) of methyl parathion was just below 70%. The average recoveries of other OPPs ranged from 70% to120%, with RSDs of less than 10% . So the established analytical method can be applied to determining 16 organophosphorus pesticide residues in Panax notoginsen g. Similarly,to further verify the viability of the method for Aucklandia lappa decne ,recovery experiments were carried out,the results were satisfactory. The rapid and simple method for the simultaneous determination of 16 organophosphorus pesticide residues in Panax notoginseng and Aucklandia lappa decne was developed,which can meet the requirement of determining pesticide residues from Panax notoginseng and Aucklandia lappa decne . Table 10 The average recoveries of two analytical methods Ultrasonic extraction Homogenate extraction Pesticides Spiked Detection value The average recoveries RSD Detection value The average recoveries RSD (μg) (μg) (%) (%) (μg) (%) (%) Methamidophos 1.00 0.87 75.23 0.14 0.80 82.75 0.12 0.66 0.74 0.72 0.94 Dichlorvos 0.90 0.49 43.37 0.25 0.76 83.00 0.07 0.38 0.69 0.30 0.79 Acephate 0.98 0.85 84.44 0.12 0.89 86.77 0.12 0.72 0.92 0.91 0.73 Omethoate 0.90 0.54 53.36 0.12 0.77 83.34 0.10 0.43 0.67 0.47 0.81 Monocrotophos 0.90 0.83 85.27 0.09 0.76 85.95 0.05 0.78 0.82 0.69 0.74 Phorate 0.90 0.75 85.63 0.13 0.87 96.69 0.07 0.68 0.93 0.88 0.81 Phosphamidon 0.90 0.76 80.08 0.07 0.85 95.58 0.05 0.74 0.91 0.66 0.82 Methyl parathion 0.99 0.54 53.73 0.10 0.68 67.88 0.14 0.58 0.57 0.47 0.76 Fenitrothion 0.90 0.55 62.69 0.09 0.69 82.65 0.08 0.62 0.73 0.52 0.81 Malathion 0.90 0.74 72.28 0.15 0.90 94.45 0.05 0.66 0.81 0.55 0.84 Fenthion 0.90 0.75 63.97 0.09 0.74 72.56 0.09 0.63 0.80 0.69 0.71 Chlorpyrifos 1.08 0.51 60.46 0.17 0.77 80.43 0.06 0.47 0.68 0.65 0.72 Parathion 0.90 0.84 84.44 0.09 0.76 78.16 0.08 0.73 0.70 0.71 0.65 Profenofos 0.90 0.58 59.67 0.23 0.85 86.35 0.09 0.40 0.77 0.63 0.71 Triazophos 0.90 0.71 67.08 0.15 0.93 96.70 0.06 0.56 0.82 0.54 0.86 Imidan 0.90 0.62 74.95 0.07 0.76 90.38 0.06 0.71 0.83 0.69 0.85 Phosalone 0.90 0.73 82.65 0.10 0.79 88.20 0.07 0.68 0.74 0.82 0.85 3.5 The sample test The established analytical method can be applied to determining 16 organophosphorus pesticide residues in Panax notoginseng and Aucklandia lappa decne from yunnan.The test indicated that Methamidophos, Dichlorvos, Acephate, Omethoate, Monocrotophos,Phorate,Phosphamidon,Fenitrothion,Malathion,Fenthion,Chlorpyrifos,Parathion,Profenofos,Triazophos,Imidan and Phosalone in Panax notoginseng and Aucklandia lappa decne were not detected. 4. Conclusion Two sample pretreatment methods for the extraction of 16 OPPs from the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Panax notoginseng and Aucklandia lappa decne were developed. A comparison of the two methods of analyzing 16 OPPs in Panax notoginseng was performed. We can see that the homogenate extraction method is effective, with a high extraction rate and shortened extraction time. Therefore, a fast and sensitive multi-residue analysis method was developed for the determination of organophosphorus pesticide residues in Panax notoginseng and Aucklandia lappa decne by a homogenate extraction approach coupled with automated solid-phase extraction system and GC/MS. Under the optimum conditions, the results of the homogenate approach were compared with the ultrasonic extraction method, and the homogenate approach was used to extract the samples. The average recoveries of the method ranged from 72.56% to 96.70%, and RSDs were 0.05~0.14%, which meets the requirements for the determination of 16 organophosphorus pesticide residues in Panax notoginseng and Aucklandia lappa decne . Declarations Acknowledgments This work was financially supported by the Department of Science and Technology of Yunnan Province (Grant No. 2012FD053 and No. 2013FZ121) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61361002 and Grant No. 21366011). Conflicts of interest There are no conflicts of interest to declare. References J.P.S. Gill, J.S. Bedi, R. Singh, M.N. Fairoze, R.A. Hazarika, A. Gaurav, S.K. Satpathy, A.S. Chauhan, J. Lindahl, D. Grace, A. Kumar, M. Kakkar . Pesticide Residues in Peri-Urban Bovine Milk from India and Risk Assessment: A Multicenter Study. Sci. Rep. 10 , 8054 (2020). doi:10.1038/s41598-020-65030-z. H. Musarurwa, N.T. Tavengwa. 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Sequential extraction and enrichment of pesticide residues in Longan fruit by ultrasonic-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction linked to vortex-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction prior to high performance liquid chromatography analysis. J. Chromatogr. A 1619 , 460929(2020). doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2020.460929. L. Drabova, G. Alvarez-Rivera, M. Suchanova, D. Schusterova, J. Pulkrabova, M. Tomaniova, V. Kocourek, O. Chevallier, C. Elliott, J. Hajslova . Food fraud in oregano: Pesticide residues as adulteration markers. Food Chem . 276 , 726-734(2019). doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.09.143. O. Golge, B. Kabak. Pesticide Residues in Table Grapes and Exposure Assessment. J. Agric. Food. Chem. 66 , 1701-1713 (2018). doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05707. B. Maestroni, N. Besil, A. Bojorge, N. Gérez, A. Pérez-Parada, A. Cannavan, H. Heinzen, M.V. Cesio . Optimization and validation of a single method for the determination of pesticide residues in Peumus boldus Molina leaves using GC-MSD, GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS. J. Appl. Res. Med. Aromat. Plants 18 , 100254 (2020). doi:10.1016/j.jarmap.2020.100254. R.X. Li, M.M. Li, T. Wang, T.L. Wang, J.Y. Chen, F. Francis, B. Fan, Z.Q. Kong, X.F. Dai . Screening of pesticide residues in Traditional Chinese Medicines using modified QuEChERS sample preparation procedure and LC-MS/MS analysis. J. Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci. 1152 , 122224 (2020). doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122224. X. Chen, Z. Bian, H. Hou, F. Yang, S. Liu, G. Tang, Q. Hu . Development and validation of a method for the determination of 159 pesticide residues in tobacco by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J. Agric. Food. Chem. 61 , 5746-5757(2013). doi:10.1021/jf400887x. J. Wang, H.L. Duan, L. Fan, J. Zhang, Z.Q. Zhang. A magnetic fluorinated multi-walled carbon nanotubes-based QuEChERS method for organophosphorus pesticide residues analysis in Lycium ruthenicum Murr. Food Chem . 338 , 127805(2021). doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127805. M. Yang, L. Wang. Advances in Techniques on Analysis and Removal of Pesticide Residues in Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicines. World Sci. Technol. 10 , 107-112 (2008). doi:10.1016/s1876-3553(09)60005-3. S.C. Yan, J. Ma, Q.Q. Huang, A. Mani, Y.L. Cai, C.X. Chen, C.P. Yin, Y.C. Ma . Simultaneous Quantification of a Herbal Combination of Pueraria lobata, Salvia miltiorrhiza and Panax notoginseng by Rapid Resolution Liquid Chromatography. Nat. Prod. Commun. 12 , 1501-1506 (2017). doi:10.1177/1934578x1701200930. N. Wu, Y.D. Zhang, W. Liu, P. Yi, Z.F. Wang, D.S. Huang . The Determination of Eight Pesticides in Panax notoginseng of Chinese Traditional Medicine Using Solid-Phase Extraction and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Adv. Mater. Res . 485 , 68-71 (2012). doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.485.68. N. Wu, B. Zhou, H.P. Yan, S.J. Xu, Y.H. Long, W. Liu . Determination of Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) in Panax notoginseng of Chinese Traditional Medicine by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. Advanced Materials Research 830 , 422-425 (2013). doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.830.422. Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-150299","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":9453475,"identity":"d62166b7-fb04-43d9-8b15-c8375b06a353","order_by":0,"name":"Na Wu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Honghe University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Na","middleName":"","lastName":"Wu","suffix":""},{"id":9453476,"identity":"ac307b09-15e6-4c38-aba2-b7638ef6815f","order_by":1,"name":"Gaozhang Gou","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Honghe University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Gaozhang","middleName":"","lastName":"Gou","suffix":""},{"id":9453477,"identity":"83adeecd-6361-40aa-b85e-9d47e185208f","order_by":2,"name":"Dachao Liang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Honghe University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Dachao","middleName":"","lastName":"Liang","suffix":""},{"id":9453478,"identity":"8bd5c622-6f9f-4752-b7e3-f555cebbe705","order_by":3,"name":"Jinru Ruan","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Hong He Institute for Food and Drug Control","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jinru","middleName":"","lastName":"Ruan","suffix":""},{"id":9453479,"identity":"6042fd4e-1630-4a7d-a5aa-070e922cfdb1","order_by":4,"name":"Wei Liu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Honghe University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Wei","middleName":"","lastName":"Liu","suffix":""},{"id":9453480,"identity":"5d72e0e4-6b0a-4518-9fc3-c8a0385be2ed","order_by":5,"name":"Shaoping Feng","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA7klEQVRIie2RsYrCQBBARwLZZsB2QTC/MLCwCIr5lQQh1ywS8AcC18Y+4E/oHwiLVmKdwkYCNl6RSiwEb81hm00p3D6YmWYeM8MAOByfCH8lAmCZqTVNht0V3AL0ijQRHRX4UzysdWw1gtX3uUrT0zRnS32dkBcB07t1m0KnvRAFXWY5HpOxIn8OmCRlq8IjOUDSs5ArKRThAjjKViUovm6NgsGPFCPicWZToFTNlClyFBUQ2RUq1cLcoiNEJXs5RcK33WIW21TpQ4fIDqK+P57DPtP79sUMnok4A/CbH/m29rcSvmrdpdvhcDj+H7+4akadaU0KZAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Honghe University","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Shaoping","middleName":"","lastName":"Feng","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2021-01-18 21:29:03","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-150299/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-150299/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":5510449,"identity":"721962cd-c495-4d1c-9890-9ea2d1a251d1","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-02-01 17:56:45","extension":"jpg","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":27322,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"The TIC of 17 OPPs","description":"","filename":"Fig1.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-150299/v1/a3532e0dd8cf1ff48ced0f1c.jpg"},{"id":15670701,"identity":"a4e73c46-c92e-499b-afed-a73dee785e36","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-11-18 14:01:10","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":441385,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-150299/v1/5b373376-043b-4c95-a157-f612e3d89197.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eStudy of Analytical Methods for Determining 16 Organophosphorus Pesticide Residues in \u003cem\u003ePanax Notoginseng and Aucklandia\u0026nbsp;Lappa Decne\u003c/em\u003e by Automated Solid-Phase Extraction System and GC/MS\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"1. Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003ePesticide residues refer to pesticides, their toxic metabolites and degradation products and any impurities that may live on or in an biosome, farm products, or the environment after pesticides are used\u003csup\u003e1-3\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSometimes pesticide residues are inevitable; however, once the residue reaches its limitation, it can make a series of danger to humans and animals or other organism in the ecological system by the food cycle \u003csup\u003e4\u003c/sup\u003e. The organophosphate pesticides (OPPs)\u0026nbsp;were widely used and\u0026nbsp;leaded\u0026nbsp;to the\u0026nbsp;repeated incidents of poisoning, and therefore, self-poisoning with organophosphate pesticides is a significant global health problem\u003csup\u003e5-7\u003c/sup\u003e. Hence, a ban was imposed on the use of toxic\u0026nbsp;pesticides, including OPPs, such as methamidophos, parathion, monocrotophos, methyl parathion, etc \u003csup\u003e8-10\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe rules linking pesticides on plants and in agricultural products have be set up so far by a\u0026nbsp;lot\u0026nbsp;of international organizations and countries. With the remarkable enhancements in testing methods and analytical techniques of pesticide residues and the extensive attention of consumer safety in recent years, the developed countries have become strictly monitoring both the terms of pesticide class or amount and maximum residue levels (MRLs) in foodpesticide residues\u003csup\u003e11-14\u003c/sup\u003e. Multiresidue analytical systems, which have been developed worldwide, can simultaneously determine over three hundred pesticides\u003csup\u003e15\u003c/sup\u003e. The MRLs of 9 organochlorines (OCPs) were\u0026nbsp;prescriptive in the Chinese pharmacopoeia, which involved benzene hexachloride (BHC), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB). \u003cem\u003eRadix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae and Radix Astragali\u003c/em\u003e in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (Ch.P) were involved\u003csup\u003e16\u003c/sup\u003e. The first draft of the quality standards from china in July 2001, which had\u0026nbsp;something\u0026nbsp;to\u0026nbsp;do\u0026nbsp;with green professional standards for import and export of officinal plants and products, was issued and enforced in the ministry of foreign trade and economic cooperation. The 9 OCPs and aldrin were included according to the standards. The analytical methods of 3 pyrethroids and 12 OPPs were\u0026nbsp;supplied separately in the Ch.P, but MRLs were not\u0026nbsp;prescriptive. In order to improve the international regulations and standards of pesticide residues from Chinese traditional medicine, further research have been needed\u003csup\u003e17\u003c/sup\u003e. The main food safety issues focused on pesticide residues. Especially the MRLs of pesticide residues from many countries and health organizations had published. People have paid a more attention to analytical methods of remnant pesticides, so the analytical methods possessing sureness, simpleness, speediness, relatively steady, highly sensitive and repeatability is required. The sample pre-treatment and detected techniques have a crucial effect on the accuracy and precision of the analytical methods.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe sample pre-treatment techniques include liquid-liquid extraction, liquid-solid extraction, shaking extraction, soxhlet extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, pressurized solvent extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, gel permeation chromatography, solid phase extraction, solid phase microextraction, molecularly imprinted polymers, matrix solid-phase dispersion, QuEChERS, cloud-point extraction, liquid phase microextraction,\u0026nbsp;etc\u003csup\u003e18-22\u003c/sup\u003e. Automated\u0026ensp;solid-phase\u0026ensp;extraction\u0026ensp;system achieves artificial\u0026nbsp;intelligence in the sample pre-treatment techniques.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWith the significantly improving requirements in environmental quality and food safety, quantity of submitted test samples is increasing. Hence, this increase requires that the analytical method is fast, ingenious, accurate, and convenient. In\u0026nbsp;order\u0026nbsp;to\u0026nbsp;accelerate the process of internationalizing and modernizing traditional Chinese herbal medicine, analysis methods, including GC,LC,GC/MS,LC/MS,SFC,CE,CE/MS and ELISAs for the detection of pesticide residues have been used to determine pesticide residues\u003csup\u003e23-26\u003c/sup\u003e. Great progress has been made on new analytical methods and techniques at present, especially in pesticides\u0026nbsp;multiresidue\u0026nbsp;analyses\u0026nbsp;method. The analysises of multipesticide residues from the same class of pesticid and a trial sample of new single pesticides in \u003cem\u003ePanax notoginseng\u003c/em\u003e were\u0026nbsp;also\u0026nbsp;reported\u003csup\u003e27,28\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePanax notoginseng\u003c/em\u003e belonging to araliaceae species which mainly produced\u0026nbsp;in\u0026nbsp;the any counties of WenShan prefecture from Yunnan provinces\u0026nbsp;of China. The origin of artificially cultivated \u003cem\u003ePanax notoginseng\u003c/em\u003e are expanding from WenShan prefecture to other\u0026nbsp;areas in Yunnan provinces. The dry roots and rhizomes of \u003cem\u003ePanax notoginseng\u003c/em\u003e were position and has the functions of removing stasis, stopping\u0026nbsp;blood\u0026nbsp;and\u0026nbsp;pain, activating blood\u003csup\u003e29,30\u003c/sup\u003e. \u003cem\u003eAucklandia lappa decne\u003c/em\u003e belonging to asteraceae perennial herb which mainly produced\u0026nbsp;in Yunnan places like\u0026nbsp;Lijiang Naxi Autonomous County and Ludian County, Zhaotong City. The origin of artificially cultivated \u003cem\u003eAucklandia lappa decne\u003c/em\u003e are distributed mainly over Sichuan,Yunnan, Guangxi and Guizhou provinces. \u003cem\u003eAucklandia lappa decne\u003c/em\u003e has the functions of stomach,tocolysis,relieving pain, regulating Qi and soothing the nerves. The application of OPPs in\u0026nbsp;processes of rtificially cultivated \u003cem\u003ePanax notoginseng and Aucklandia lappa decne\u003c/em\u003e were unavoidable, but there are few standard of detective pesticide residue in \u003cem\u003ePanax notoginseng and Aucklandia lappa decne\u003c/em\u003e. For these reasons above, a rapid and simple analytical method with high accuracy and precision for determining 17 organophosphorus\u0026nbsp;pesticide\u0026nbsp;residues in\u003cem\u003e Panax notoginseng and Aucklandia lappa decne\u003c/em\u003e by automated solid-phase\u0026ensp;extraction\u0026ensp;system and GC/MS was developed in this paper. The rapid and simple method for the simultaneous determination of 16 organophosphorus\u0026nbsp;pesticide\u0026nbsp;residues in \u003cem\u003ePanax notoginseng and Aucklandia lappa decne\u003c/em\u003e was developed by comparing an ultrasonic extraction and homogenate extraction and optimizing purification conditions of automated\u0026ensp;solid-phase extraction system, which can meet the requirement of determining pesticide residues from \u003cem\u003ePanax notoginseng and Aucklandia lappa decne\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"2. Experimental","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.1 Apparatus, Chemicals and Materials\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA Shimadzu GC/MS-QP2010 Ultra (Shimadzu,Japan), a J2 automated solid-phase extraction system (J2 Scientific,USA), a rotary evaporator (Switzerland, Germany),an electronic balance (Switzerland,Germany),a vortex mixer (Beijing, China),a universal pulverizer (Tianjin,China),an ultrasound cleaner (Shanghai,China) and the homogenate approach (Jiangsu,China) were used.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAcetone, dichloromethane,and n-hexane, all of analytical reagent grade, were from Tianjin University and were purchased from Tianjin Chemical Experiment Plant (Tianjin,China). Methylbenzene,acetonitrile,and \u003ca href=\"app:ds:methyl\"\u003emethyl\u003c/a\u003e \u003ca href=\"app:ds:alcohol\"\u003ealcohol\u003c/a\u003e were all of HPLC grade and were purchased from Tedia (Fairfield,OH,USA). Anhydrous sodium sulfate and sodium chloride (Shanghai,China) were baked at 450\u0026deg;C for 4 h and stored in a desiccator before use. The standards of 17 OPPs (methamidophos, dichlorvos, acephate, omethoate, monocrotophos, phorate, phosphamidon, methyl parathion, fenitrothion, malathion, fenthion, chlorpyrifos, parathion, profenofos, triazophos, imidan, phosalone) with a solution concentration of 1000 mg/L were purchased from Quality Testing and Inspection Centre of the Ministry of Agriculture for Agricultural Products (Beijing, China).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePanax notoginseng and Aucklandia lappa decne samples were purchased from local markets (Yunnan, China). Solid-phase extraction cartridges (SPE cartridges) containing C\u003csub\u003e18\u003c/sub\u003e, NH\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e and Florisil were purchased from Agela Technologies (Tianjin, China).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.2 GC/MS conditions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe separation was performed on an Rtx-5MS quartz capillary column (30 m \u0026times; 0.25 mm, I.D. 0.25 \u0026micro;m) with a helium flow rate of 1.20 mL.min\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e in a constant flow mode using the following oven temperature program: 70 \u0026deg;C (1 min) to 250 \u0026deg;C (2 min) at a rate of 8\u0026deg;C.min\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e and 250 \u0026deg;C (2 min) to 300 \u0026deg;C (10 min) at a rate of 5\u0026deg;C.min\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e. The injection inlet temperature was set at 250 \u0026deg;C, and a 1.0 \u0026micro;L volume was injected. Helium was the carrier gas. Using the\u0026nbsp;splitless\u0026nbsp;injection, the total analysis time was 45.5 min. The mass spectrometer was operated in electron ionization mode with an ionizing energy of 70 eV, an ion source temperature of 230\u0026deg;C,and an MS quad temperature of 280 \u0026deg;C. The scan ranged from m/z 45 to 500,and the solvent delay was 3.5 min. Under the above GC-MS conditions,the total ion chromatogram (TIC) of 17 OPPs was obtained (Fig. 1).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.3 Standard solution preparation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe 0.90 mg (accurate to 0.01 mg) individual pesticide standards of 17 OPPs were weighed and redissolved in methylbenzene to make 10mL,which was to obtain the mixed\u0026nbsp;standard reserve fluid of 17 OPPs. The standard stock mixtures were then diluted to 4.5 \u0026micro;g.mL\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e with acetone. The\u0026nbsp;series\u0026nbsp;of\u0026nbsp;mixed standard\u0026nbsp;working solutions\u0026nbsp;for 2.00, 1.00, 0.50, 0.25, 0.10, and 0.05 \u0026micro;g.mL\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e were made up by the dilution method step by step with acetone. The standard solutions were stored in the dark at -4\u0026deg;C before use.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.4 Sample preparation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe samples were pulverized into fine powders, sieved through 80 mesh and dried at 60 \u0026deg;C for 4 h. One gram of powder was then weighed accurately, and 60 mL of dichloromethane was added. The mixture was extracted for 2 min via homogenate extraction at 10000 r/min, and then 1.0 g sodium sulfate anhydrous and 1.0 g sodium chloride were added. After filtration, the extracts were transferred into a flat-bottomed flask and condensed on a rotary evaporator at 40\u0026deg;C under vacuum until a volume of 5 mL was reached. The concentrated solutions were purified with Florisil solid-phase extraction cartridges by an automated solid-phase extraction system. The solid-phase extraction cartridges with the adsorbed extracts were eluted with 5 mL of m\u003cem\u003eethylbenzene\u003c/em\u003e-\u003cem\u003eacetonitrile\u003c/em\u003e (1:3, v/v) three times. The eluate solution was collected and evaporated until near dryness by a rotary evaporator with a water bath at 38\u0026deg;C. Finally, the residues were resuspended in 1.00 mL of acetone and filtered through a 0.45 \u0026micro;m PTFE filter for GC-MS analysis.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.5 Investigation of extraction and purification profiles\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.5.1 Investigation of ultrasonic extraction profiles\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe extraction technology implemented for the analysis of 17 OPPs from \u003cem\u003ePanax notoginseng\u003c/em\u003e was under study, and the effects of factors such as extraction repetition and duration, extraction \u003cem\u003esolvent\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003e and solvent \u003c/em\u003evolume on the extraction rate of 17 OPPs were examined through orthogonal experiments. The extraction repetition and duration, extraction \u003cem\u003esolvent\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003e and solvent \u003c/em\u003evolume were screened, and an L9(3\u003csup\u003e4\u003c/sup\u003e) (Table 1) orthogonal test was applied.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 1\u003c/strong\u003e The factors and levels of the ultrasonic extraction orthogonal experiment\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 59px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 59px;\" width=\"142\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFactors\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Levels\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 59px;\" width=\"98\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 59px;\" width=\"128\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 59px;\" width=\"188\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"142\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA (Solvent)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"98\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMethanol\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"128\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAcetonitrile\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"188\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDichloromethane\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"142\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eB (Volume)/mL\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"98\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"128\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"188\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"142\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eC (Repetitions)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"98\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"128\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"188\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.4688px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35.4688px;\" width=\"142\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eD (Duration)/min\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35.4688px;\" width=\"98\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35.4688px;\" width=\"128\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35.4688px;\" width=\"188\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e45\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e2.5.2 Investigation of homogenate extraction profiles\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe homogenate extraction approach of 17 OPPs from \u003cem\u003ePanax notoginseng\u003c/em\u003e was under study, and the effects of factors such as time, revolution speed of homogenate extraction, extraction \u003cem\u003esolvent\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003e and solvent \u003c/em\u003evolume on the extraction rate of 17 OPPs were examined through orthogonal experiments. The factors were screened, and an L9(3\u003csup\u003e4\u003c/sup\u003e) (Table 2) orthogonal test was applied.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 2\u003c/strong\u003e The factor and level of the homogenate extraction orthogonal experiment\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"174\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFactors\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Levels\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"99\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"139\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"144\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"174\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA (S\u003cem\u003eolvent\u003c/em\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"99\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMethanol\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"139\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eA\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003ecetonitrile\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"144\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDichloromethane\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"174\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eB (Volume)/ mL\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"99\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"139\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"144\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"174\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eC (Revolution speed)/ r/min\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"99\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10000\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"139\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e15000\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"144\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e20000\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"174\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eD (Time)/min\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"99\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"139\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"144\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e2.5.3 Investigation of purification profiles\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe most effective purifying condition for 17 OPPs from \u003cem\u003ePanax notoginseng\u003c/em\u003e was obtained experimentally by the orthogonal test design method. The influence of factors such as eluate, elution volume and times, and different solid-phase cartridges on the purification profiles were investigated. The factors were screened, and an L9(3\u003csup\u003e4\u003c/sup\u003e) (Table 3) orthogonal test was applied.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 3\u003c/strong\u003e The factors and levels of the purification orthogonal experiment\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"23%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFactors\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Levels\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"20%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"28%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"26%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"23%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA (Eluate)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(volume batching)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"20%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAcetone and N-hexane\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1:1,V/V)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"28%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMethylbenzene and Acetonitrile\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1:3,V/V)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"26%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCyclohexane and Ethyl acetate\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1:1,V/V)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"23%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eB (Volume)/mL\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"20%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"28%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"26%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"23%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eC (Solid-phase cartridges)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"20%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e18\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"28%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNH\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"26%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFlorisil\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"23%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eD(times)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"20%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"28%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"26%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e"},{"header":"3. Results And Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3.1 Selection of Quantization and qualifying ion\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSingle\u0026nbsp; standard solutions of 17 OPPs was monitored with the full-scan mode (SCAN) by GC/MS.One quantitative ion and two or three qualitative ions of\u0026nbsp; each compound were confirmed.The detection\u0026nbsp;method for 17 OPPs from 4.5 \u0026micro;g/m was established\u0026nbsp; with the selected ion monitoring mode (SIM). The results are shown in Table 4.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 4\u003c/strong\u003e \u0026nbsp;Parameters for the determination of OPPs in \u003cem\u003ePanax notoginseng\u003c/em\u003e by GC/MS\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNO.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"25%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePesticides\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"19%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRetention time\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"40%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe qualitative and quantitative ions\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;(* the quantitative ions)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"25%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"19%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(min)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"40%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(m/z)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"25%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMethamidophos\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"19%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.983\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"40%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e94*, 141, 47, 64\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"25%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDichlorvos\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"19%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7.241\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"40%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e109*, 79, 185, 145\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"25%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAcephate\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"19%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9.795\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"40%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e136*, 94, 47, 125\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"25%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOmethoate\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"19%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e11.817\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"40%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e156*, 110, 79, 126\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"25%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMonocrotophos\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"19%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e13.164\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"40%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e127*, 97, 67, 192\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"25%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePhorate\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"19%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e13.330\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"40%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e75*, 121, 260, 231\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"25%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePhosphamidon\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"19%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e15.417\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"40%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e127*, 264, 15, 205\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"25%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMethyl parathion\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"19%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e16.965\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"40%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e109*, 125, 263, 79\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"25%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFenitrothion\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"19%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e18.228\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"40%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e125*, 109, 260, 277\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"25%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMalathion\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"19%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e18.712\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"40%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e173*, 127, 93, 185\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"25%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFenthion\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"19%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e19.111\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"40%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e278*, 125, 169, 245\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"25%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChlorpyrifos\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"19%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e19.146\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"40%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e314*, 197, 28, 268\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"25%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Parathion\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"19%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e19.259\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"40%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e291*, 109, 137, 97\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"25%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProfenofos\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"19%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e23.330\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"40%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e139*, 208, 337, 269\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"25%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTriazophos\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"19%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e26.695\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"40%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e161*, 257, 285, 172\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"25%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImidan\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"19%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e30.185\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"40%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e160*, 317, 133, 77\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"25%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePhosalone\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"19%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e32.368\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"40%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e182*, 121, 154, 367\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e3.2 Selection of ultrasonic extraction and homogenate extraction conditions\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBased on the orthogonal test and multiple standard addition method, the data in Table 5 were obtained using the ultrasonic and homogenate extraction methods. Both of intuitionistic analysis and square-difference analysis is applied to analyze the data from Table 5, and the results are shown in Table 6, from which indicated that the dominant influence on the investigation factors for 17 OPPs from \u003cem\u003ePanax notoginseng \u003c/em\u003ewere the type of solvent used for the ultrasonic and homogenate extraction methods. For other factors with the ultrasonic and homogenate extraction, the effects on extraction efficiency were ranked as follows: C\u0026gt;B\u0026gt;D. The results showed the optimal conditions (A\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eB\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003eC\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003eD\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e) for the extraction of 17 OPPs from \u003cem\u003ePanax notoginseng\u003c/em\u003e by ultrasonic extraction were as follows: \u003cem\u003ePanax notoginseng\u003c/em\u003e was extracted with approximately 20 mL of dichloromethane, and the extraction replication and duration times were one and 30 min, respectively. The results showed that the optimal conditions (A\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eB\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eC\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003eD\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e) for the extraction of 17 OPPs from \u003cem\u003ePanax notoginseng\u003c/em\u003e by the homogenate extraction method were as follows: \u003cem\u003ePanax notoginseng\u003c/em\u003e was extracted with approximately 60 mL of dichloromethane, and the extraction time was 2 min at 10000 r/min.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 5\u003c/strong\u003e The recovery results of the extraction rates in ultrasonic and homogenate extraction by L9(3\u003csup\u003e4\u003c/sup\u003e) (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExtraction method\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"28\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNO.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMethamidophos\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDichlorvos\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"59\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAcephate\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"62\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOmethoate\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMonocrotophos\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"55\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePhorate\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePhosphamidon\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"57\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMethyl parathion\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"9\" width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUltrasonic extraction\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"28\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e67.95\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e77.32\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"59\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e75.59\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"62\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e68.27\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e64.52\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"55\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e73.27\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e69.66\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"57\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e93.43\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"28\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e67.89\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e76.7\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"59\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e75.45\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"62\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e67.88\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e63.98\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"55\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e72.9\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e69.39\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"57\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e91.36\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"28\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e59.72\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e74.43\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"59\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e75.14\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"62\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e67.42\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e61.66\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"55\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e70.51\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e67.99\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"57\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e58.99\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"28\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e62.95\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e62.9\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"59\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e65.65\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"62\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e64.26\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e78.27\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"55\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e79.55\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e71.33\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"57\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e75.83\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"28\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e67.96\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e63.71\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"59\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e66.84\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"62\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e65.50\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e81.51\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"55\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e76.62\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e72.3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"57\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e76.83\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"28\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e61.37\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e61.31\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"59\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e70.96\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"62\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e66.18\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e70.89\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"55\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e65.36\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e63.99\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"57\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e86.66\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"28\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e67.68\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e76.72\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"59\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e75.56\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"62\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e67.63\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e63.32\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"55\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e72.32\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e69.23\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"57\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e95.43\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"28\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e64.31\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e62.85\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"59\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e72.56\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"62\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e63.98\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e81.52\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"55\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e65.29\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e69.54\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"57\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e85.13\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"28\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e65.13\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e61.58\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"59\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e73.82\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"62\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e65.86\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e80.44\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"55\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e62.48\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e69.56\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"57\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e86.84\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"9\" width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHomogenate extraction\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"28\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e69.06\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e75.21\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"59\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e75.97\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"62\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e74.75\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e66.23\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"55\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e62.58\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e71.23\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"57\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e68.91\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"28\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e45.94\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e76.28\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"59\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e75.99\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"62\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e75.28\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e67.09\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"55\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e63.49\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e71.91\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"57\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e69.76\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"28\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e55.78\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e75.61\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"59\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e75.97\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"62\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e75.25\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e67.34\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"55\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e62.57\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e71.73\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"57\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e69.70\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"28\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e59.45\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e63.01\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"59\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e73.03\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"62\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e74.42\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e66.03\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"55\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e85.53\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e78.11\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"57\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e71.91\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"28\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e67.96\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e65.08\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"59\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e71.84\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"62\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e73.85\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e62.35\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"55\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e91.91\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e81.76\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"57\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e69.72\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"28\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e62.96\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e73.71\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"59\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e71.62\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"62\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e73.34\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e60.63\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"55\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e96.29\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e92.89\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"57\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e69.68\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"28\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e64.78\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e79.96\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"59\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e67.62\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"62\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e73.12\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e61.98\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"55\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e95.95\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e97.03\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"57\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e80.35\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"28\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e65.76\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e72.06\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"59\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e71.95\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"62\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7346\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e63.33\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"55\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e97.32\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e80.52\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"57\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e72.88\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"28\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e66.99\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e62.22\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"59\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e74.38\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"62\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e73.93\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e65.03\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"55\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e80.88\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e67.52\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"57\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e65.04\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cbr /\u003eTable 5\u003c/strong\u003e The recovery results of the extraction rates in ultrasonic and homogenate extraction by L9(3\u003csup\u003e4\u003c/sup\u003e) (%) (Continued)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExtraction method\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"28\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNO.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFenitrothion\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"60\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMalathion\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"52\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFenthion\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"71\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChlorpyrifos\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"59\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eParathion\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProfenofos\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"63\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTriazophos\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImidan\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"63\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePhosalone\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"9\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUltrasonic extraction\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"28\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e68.96\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"60\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e65.78\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"52\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e63.49\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"71\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e61.01\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"59\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e67.43\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e67.40\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"63\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e76.02\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e61.84\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"63\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e66.2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"28\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e68.55\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"60\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e65.20\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"52\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e63.25\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"71\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e61.37\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"59\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e67.50\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e66.9\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"63\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e75.91\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e61.95\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"63\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e65.88\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"28\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e66.35\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"60\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e62.46\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"52\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e60.24\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"71\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e63.69\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"59\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e64.36\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e65.02\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"63\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e74.42\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e62.24\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"63\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e63.99\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"28\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e84.54\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"60\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e83.55\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"52\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e94.05\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"71\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e101.1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"59\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e59.87\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e60.41\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"63\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e62.89\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e63.11\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"63\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e64.94\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"28\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e83.18\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"60\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e85.15\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"52\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e92.11\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"71\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e101.22\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"59\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e51.04\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e60.40\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"63\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e63.71\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e62.79\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"63\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e64.47\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"28\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e71.28\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"60\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e71.68\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"52\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e79.14\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"71\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e85.30\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"59\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e60.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e67.39\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"63\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e61.31\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e62.85\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"63\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e61.15\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"28\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e67.94\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"60\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e64.76\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"52\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e62.54\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"71\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e62.08\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"59\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e68.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e52.43\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"63\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e67.72\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e50.25\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"63\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e49.33\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"28\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e75.60\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"60\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e80.81\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"52\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e86.96\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"71\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e98.35\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"59\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e62.17\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e67.23\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"63\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e62.85\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e61.82\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"63\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e66.39\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"28\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e74.72\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"60\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e79.16\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"52\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e84.76\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"71\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e95.43\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"59\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e68.41\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e66.39\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"63\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e61.58\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e61.82\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"63\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e66.39\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"9\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHomogenate extraction\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"28\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e27.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"60\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e67.2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"52\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e64.34\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"71\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e60.04\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"59\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e63.66\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e68.33\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"63\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e48.78\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e61.87\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"63\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e66.38\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"28\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e43.98\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"60\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e67.94\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"52\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e65.06\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"71\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e61.63\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"59\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e62.54\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e67.59\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"63\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e60.87\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e61.91\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"63\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e66.41\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"28\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e45.66\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"60\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e67.44\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"52\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e64.12\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"71\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e61.08\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"59\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e63.14\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e67.19\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"63\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e67.38\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e61.85\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"63\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e66.42\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"28\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e74.25\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"60\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e91.53\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"52\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e90.27\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"71\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e100.74\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"59\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e117.98\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e46.72\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"63\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e67.37\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e34.77\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"63\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e60.38\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"28\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e66.94\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"60\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e94.66\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"52\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e101.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"71\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e107.36\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"59\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e131.25\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e68.35\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"63\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e56.89\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e59.19\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"63\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e45.67\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"28\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e64.85\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"60\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e100.25\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"52\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e103.16\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"71\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e110.81\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"59\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e135.37\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e68.38\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"63\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e67.37\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e57.94\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"63\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e65.76\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"28\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e70.70\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"60\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e88.31\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"52\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e85.18\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"71\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e101.53\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"59\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e128.93\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e68.27\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"63\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e67.37\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e49.57\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"63\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e48.77\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"28\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e70.23\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"60\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e93.24\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"52\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e97.05\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"71\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e103.67\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"59\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e125.92\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e68.37\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"63\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e67.35\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e49.76\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"63\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e54.32\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"28\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e81.83\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"60\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e79.52\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"52\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e97.98\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"71\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e89.73\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"59\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e105.79\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e68.41\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"63\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e67.36\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e61.82\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"63\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e61.54\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cbr /\u003eTable 6\u003c/strong\u003e\u0026nbsp; The analysis results of\u0026nbsp; intuitionistic analysis and square-difference analysis\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; through orthogonal experiment with ultrasonic and homogenate extraction\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"17%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExtraction method\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"10%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNO.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"12%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eB\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"12%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eC\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"17%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eD\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResult\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"13\" width=\"17%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUltrasonic extraction\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"10%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"12%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"12%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"17%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e30.5099\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"10%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"12%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"12%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"17%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8.5829\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"10%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"12%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"12%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"17%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.4947\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"10%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"12%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"12%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"17%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e58.7942\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"10%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"12%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"12%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"17%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e24.9327\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"10%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"12%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"12%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"17%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e72.5786\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"10%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"12%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"12%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"17%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e53.5518\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"10%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"12%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"12%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"17%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e67.4066\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"10%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"12%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"12%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"17%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e57.8401\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"10%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAveraged\u0026nbsp;1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"12%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e15.196\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e47.619\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"12%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e56.832\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"17%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e37.761\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e--\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"10%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAveraged\u0026nbsp;2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"12%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e52.102\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e33.641\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"12%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e41.739\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"17%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e44.904\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e--\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"10%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAveraged 3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"12%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e59.600\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e45.638\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"12%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e28.326\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"17%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e44.232\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e--\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"10%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;Range\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"12%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e44.404\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e13.978\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"12%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e28.506\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"17%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7.143\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e--\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"14\" width=\"17%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHomogenate extraction\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"10%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"12%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eB\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"12%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eC\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"17%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eD\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResult\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"10%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"12%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"12%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"17%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e32.7974\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"10%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"12%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"12%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"17%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e13.8500\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"10%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"12%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"12%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"17%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e18.8223\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"10%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"12%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"12%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"17%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.0959\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"10%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"12%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"12%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"17%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e76.1613\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"10%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"12%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"12%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"17%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e102.4241\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"10%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"12%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"12%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"17%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e69.8418\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"10%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"12%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"12%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"17%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e78.4418\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"10%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"12%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"12%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"17%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e80.2859\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"10%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAveraged\u0026nbsp;1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"12%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e21.823\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e35.578\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"12%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e71.221\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"17%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e63.082\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e--\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"10%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAveraged\u0026nbsp;2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"12%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e60.894\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e56.151\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"12%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e32.744\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"17%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e62.039\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e--\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"10%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAveraged 3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"12%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e76.190\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e67.177\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"12%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e54.942\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"17%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e33.787\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e--\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"10%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;Range\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"12%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e54.367\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e31.599\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"12%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e38.477\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"17%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e29.295\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e--\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e3.3 Selection of purification conditions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChinese medicinal materials contain a variety of matrices; thus, a clean-up procedure is necessary. \u003csup\u003e[19] \u003c/sup\u003eBased on the orthogonal test and multiple standard addition method, the data in Table 7 are the purification profiles of the orthogonal L9(3\u003csup\u003e4\u003c/sup\u003e) method implemented. The recovery results of the purification profiles are shown in Table 7. The results of the intuitionistic analysis and square-difference analysis are shown in Table 8. The results of the experiments and the intuitionistic analysis and square-difference analysis of experimental (Table 7 and Table 8) results showed that the dominant influence on the purification recoveries of 17 OPPs was the type of eluting solvent. For other factors, the effects of the purification profiles were ranked as follows: B\u0026gt;D\u0026gt;C. The optimal purification conditions were a combination of A\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eB\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eC\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003eD\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e that 3 extractions with approximately 5 mL of methylbenzene-acetonitrile (1:3, V/V) each time from Florisil solid-phase cartridges met the requirement for the purification of the 17 OPPs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 7\u003c/strong\u003e The recovery results of the purification profiles by L9(3\u003csup\u003e4\u003c/sup\u003e) (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"27\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNO.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"97\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMethamidophos\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDichlorvos\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAcephate\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOmethoate\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"98\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMonocrotophos\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePhorate\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"98\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePhosphamidon\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"27\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"97\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e55.99\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e65.76\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e62.46\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e64.34\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"98\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e54.51\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e53.54\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"98\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e57.99\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"27\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"97\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e51.77\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e63.56\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e73.44\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e61.17\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"98\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e51.79\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e50.77\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"98\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e54.93\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"27\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"97\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e62.49\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e65.95\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e63.49\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e73.91\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"98\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e52.06\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e54.38\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"98\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e54.24\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"27\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"97\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e56.39\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e66.31\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e58.79\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e60.14\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"98\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e150.58\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e53.71\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"98\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e88.13\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"27\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"97\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e50.91\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e66.48\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e63.25\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e53.36\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"98\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e88.13\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e54.52\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"98\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e96.50\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"27\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"97\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e55.11\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e51.99\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e55.65\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e63.04\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"98\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e65.29\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e53.79\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"98\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e69.44\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"27\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"97\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e51.18\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e63.02\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e50.80\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e54.65\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"98\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e63.48\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e54.36\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"98\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e74.60\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"27\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"97\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e56.66\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e67.46\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e65.34\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e64.26\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"98\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e55.13\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e54.78\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"98\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e73.59\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"27\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"97\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e57.62\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e67.07\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e65.06\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e62.75\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"98\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e54.55\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e54.67\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"98\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e52.88\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cbr /\u003eTable 7\u003c/strong\u003e The recovery results of the purification profiles by L9(3\u003csup\u003e4\u003c/sup\u003e) (%) (Continued )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNO.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMethyl parathion\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFenitrothion\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMalathion\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFenthion\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChlorpyrifos\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eParathion\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProfenofos\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTriazophos\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImidan\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePhosalone\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e58.47\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e59.34\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e57.59\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e54.43\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e51.41\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e52.05\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e53.84\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e55.65\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e52.78\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e54.15\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e56.54\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e51.29\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e53.49\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e50.25\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e51.02\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e54.46\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e50.52\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e50.62\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e54.57\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e50.31\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e59.41\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e75.46\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e58.56\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e55.44\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e52.83\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e51.31\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e56.61\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e55.09\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e52.17\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e55.47\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e54.17\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e79.81\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e54.86\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e55.74\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e108.09\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e51.69\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e50.89\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e58.53\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e52.34\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e53.79\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e55.42\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e71.84\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e52.56\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e55.80\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e51.77\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e51.61\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e54.71\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e55.72\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e52.33\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e54.82\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e51.95\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e70.51\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e53.82\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e55.91\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e136.44\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e52.31\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e56.58\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e53.31\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e52.25\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e54.01\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e76.11\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e97.41\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e56.22\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e54.64\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e60.13\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e50.87\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e64.04\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e60.66\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e55.63\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e52.50\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e57.47\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e62.31\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e57.61\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e55.97\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e53.58\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e51.20\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e55.74\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e56.39\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e52.32\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e54.78\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e57.78\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e81.35\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e58.05\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e55.94\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e53.67\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e50.96\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e57.56\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e56.57\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e51.97\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e55.66\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cbr /\u003eTable 8\u003c/strong\u003e\u0026nbsp; The analysis results of\u0026nbsp; intuitionistic analysis and square-difference analysis\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; through orthogonal experiment with automated\u0026ensp;solid-phase\u0026ensp;extraction\u0026ensp;system\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"12%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNO.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"15%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"17%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eB\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"15%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eC\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"21%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eD\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"17%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResult\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"12%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"15%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"17%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"15%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"21%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"17%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e104.7890\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"12%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"15%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"17%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"15%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"21%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"17%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e104.7031\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"12%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"15%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"17%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"15%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"21%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"17%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e106.3391\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"12%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"15%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"17%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"15%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"21%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"17%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e114.3657\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"12%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"15%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"17%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"15%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"21%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"17%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e108.2106\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"12%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"15%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"17%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"15%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"21%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"17%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e108.4004\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"12%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"15%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"17%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"15%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"21%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"17%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e111.6991\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"12%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"15%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"17%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"15%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"21%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"17%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e106.3132\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"12%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"15%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"17%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"15%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"21%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"17%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e105.2920\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"12%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAveraged\u0026nbsp;1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"15%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e105.277\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"17%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e110.285\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"15%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e106.501\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"21%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e106.097\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"17%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e--\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"12%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAveraged\u0026nbsp;2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"15%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e110.326\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"17%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e106.409\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"15%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e108.120\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"21%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e108.268\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"17%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e--\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"12%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAveraged 3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"15%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e107.767\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"17%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e106.676\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"15%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e108.750\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"21%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e109.006\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"17%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e--\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"12%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;Range\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"15%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.049\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"17%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.876\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"15%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.249\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"21%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.909\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"17%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-- \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e3.4 Methodology validation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3.4.1 Calibration curves, determination coefficients and LODs\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo confirm that the optimized method was suitable for application, precision, recovery, linear range and detection limits (LODs) were evaluated for the analytical approach developed using samples of \u003cem\u003ePanax notoginseng\u003c/em\u003e. Quantitative analysis was achieved using an external standard. The calibration curve was obtained by analyzing blank \u003cem\u003ePanax notoginseng\u003c/em\u003e samples spiked with pesticides at the same levels (Table 9). For detection of the 17 OPPs by GC/MS, the LODs were 0.12~0.52\u0026times;10\u003csup\u003e-3\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026mu;g. The acceptable linearity was indicated by the determination coefficients, which ranged from 0.9928 to 0.9999.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 9\u003c/strong\u003e Calibration curves, determination coefficients and LODs of the pesticides analyzed by GC/MS\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNO.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePesticide\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCalibration curve\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDetermination coefficient/r\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"79\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e Linear range\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(g/mL)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;LODs\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(\u0026times;10\u003csup\u003e-3\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026mu;g)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMethamidophos\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eY = 1578831X + 125793.7\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.9941\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"79\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.005～2.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.12\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDichlorvos\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eY = 2852786X + 455151.9\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.9945\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"79\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.005～2.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.17\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAcephate\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eY = 662784.3X+ 104183.2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.9986\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"79\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.005～2.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOmethoate\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eY = 585230.1X+ 82190.18\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.9928\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"79\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.005～2.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.31\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMonocrotophos\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eY = 1810437X + 138459.1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.9947\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"79\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.005～2.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.26\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePhorate\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eY = 3379836X + 149327.7\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.9980\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"79\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.005～2.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.38\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePhosphamidon\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eY = 296661.7X+ 36655.06\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.9909\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"79\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.005～2.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.21\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMethyl parathion\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eY = 1037505X + 100506.8\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.9973\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"79\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.005～2.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.46\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFenitrothion\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eY =906542.2X + 315367.7\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.9954\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"79\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.005～2.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.52\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMalathion\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eY = 1514504X + 128704.2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.9967\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"79\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.005～2.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.32\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFenthion\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eY = 2456014X + 139159.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.9973\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"79\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.005～2.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.45\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChlorpyrifos\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eY =661122.3X + 28795.83\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.9971\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"79\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.005～2.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.13\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eParathion\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eY =661122.3X + 28795.83\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.9971\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"79\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.005～2.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.37\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProfenofos\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eY = 635449.9X - 4061.267\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.9999\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"79\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.005～2.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.42\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTriazophos\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eY = 1102994X + 73458.66\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.9974\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"79\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.005～2.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.18\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImidan\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eY = 6699876X - 109404.20\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.9987\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"79\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.005～2.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.41\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePhosalone\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eY = 1403894X + 81005.27\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.9969\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"79\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.005～2.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.22\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e3.4.2 Results of methodology validation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUnder the optimized extraction, purification and detection conditions for 17 OPPs in \u003cem\u003ePanax notoginseng \u003c/em\u003edetermined by orthogonal design, two analytical methods were developed. In the first method, \u003cem\u003ePanax notoginseng\u003c/em\u003e was extracted by ultrasonic extraction. The extracts were cleaned up by an automated solid-phase extraction system and determined by GC/MS. The second method used homogenate extraction. Experiments in which standards were added to the samples to determine the recovery rate were performed. The standard recovery test results for the two methods and calculation of the recovery rate are shown in Table 10. The average recoveries of the first method ranged from 43.37% to 85.63%, with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 0.07~0.17% (n=3). The average recoveries of the second method ranged from 67.88% to 96.70%, with RSDs of 0.05~0.14% (n=3). The results showed that the average recoveries of the first method were often relatively lower the second method. Therefore, the analytical method was developed by homogenate extraction and automated solid-phase extraction system(the specific condition shown in 3.2 and 3.3). The average recovery (67.88%) of methyl parathion was just below 70%. The average recoveries of other OPPs ranged from 70% to120%, with RSDs\u0026nbsp;of less than\u0026nbsp;10% . So the established analytical method can be applied to determining 16 organophosphorus\u0026nbsp;pesticide\u0026nbsp;residues in\u003cem\u003e Panax notoginsen\u003c/em\u003eg. Similarly,to further verify the viability of the method for \u003cem\u003eAucklandia lappa decne\u003c/em\u003e,recovery experiments were carried out,the results were satisfactory. The rapid and simple method for the simultaneous determination of 16 organophosphorus\u0026nbsp;pesticide\u0026nbsp;residues in \u003cem\u003ePanax notoginseng and Aucklandia lappa decne\u003c/em\u003e was developed,which can meet the requirement of determining pesticide residues from \u003cem\u003ePanax notoginseng and Aucklandia lappa decne\u003c/em\u003e. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 10\u003c/strong\u003e The average recoveries of two analytical methods\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" colspan=\"5\" width=\"367\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUltrasonic extraction\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" colspan=\"3\" width=\"209\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHomogenate extraction\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 48px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 83px;\" rowspan=\"2\" width=\"88\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePesticides\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 48px;\" width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSpiked\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 48px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDetection value\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 48px;\" width=\"71\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe average recoveries\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 48px;\" width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRSD\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 48px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDetection value\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 48px;\" width=\"71\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe average recoveries\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 48px;\" width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRSD\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;(\u0026mu;g)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;(\u0026mu;g)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"71\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;(\u0026mu;g)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"71\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"88\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMethamidophos\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.87\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"71\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e75.23\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.14\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.80\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"71\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e82.75\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.12\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.66\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.74\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.72\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.94\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"88\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDichlorvos\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.90\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.49\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"71\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e43.37\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.25\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.76\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"71\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e83.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.38\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.69\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.30\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.79\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"88\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAcephate\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.98\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.85\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"71\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e84.44\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.12\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.89\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"71\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e86.77\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.12\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.72\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.92\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.91\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.73\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"88\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOmethoate\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.90\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.54\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"71\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e53.36\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.12\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.77\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"71\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e83.34\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.10\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.43\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.67\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.47\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.81\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"88\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMonocrotophos\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.90\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.83\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"71\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e85.27\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.09\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.76\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"71\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e85.95\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.78\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.82\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.69\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.74\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"88\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePhorate\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.90\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.75\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"71\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e85.63\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.13\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.87\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"71\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e96.69\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.68\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.93\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.88\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.81\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"88\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePhosphamidon\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.90\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.76\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"71\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e80.08\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.85\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"71\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e95.58\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.74\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.91\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.66\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.82\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"88\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMethyl parathion\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.99\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.54\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"71\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e53.73\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.10\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.68\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"71\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e67.88\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.14\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.58\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.57\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.47\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.76\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"88\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFenitrothion\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.90\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.55\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"71\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e62.69\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.09\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.69\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"71\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e82.65\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.08\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.62\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.73\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.52\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.81\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"88\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMalathion\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.90\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.74\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"71\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e72.28\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.15\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.90\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"71\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e94.45\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.66\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.81\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.55\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.84\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"88\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFenthion\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.90\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.75\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"71\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e63.97\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.09\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.74\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"71\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e72.56\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.09\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.63\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.80\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.69\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.71\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"88\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChlorpyrifos\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.08\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.51\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"71\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e60.46\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.17\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.77\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"71\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e80.43\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.06\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.47\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.68\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.65\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.72\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"88\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eParathion\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.90\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.84\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"71\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e84.44\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.09\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.76\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"71\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e78.16\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.08\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.73\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.70\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.71\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.65\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"88\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProfenofos\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.90\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.58\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"71\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e59.67\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.23\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.85\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"71\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e86.35\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.09\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.40\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.77\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.63\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.71\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"88\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTriazophos\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.90\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.71\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"71\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e67.08\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.15\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.93\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"71\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e96.70\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.06\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.56\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.82\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.54\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.86\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"88\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImidan\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.90\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.62\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"71\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e74.95\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.76\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"71\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e90.38\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.06\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.71\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.83\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.69\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.85\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105.375px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"88\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePhosalone\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105.375px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.90\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.73\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105.375px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"71\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e82.65\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105.375px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.10\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.79\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105.375px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"71\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e88.20\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 105.375px;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.68\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.74\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35.375px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.82\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35.375px;\" width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.85\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e3.5 The sample test\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe established analytical method can be applied to determining 16 organophosphorus\u0026nbsp;pesticide\u0026nbsp;residues in \u003cem\u003ePanax notoginseng and Aucklandia lappa decne\u003c/em\u003e from yunnan.The test indicated that Methamidophos, Dichlorvos, Acephate, Omethoate, Monocrotophos,Phorate,Phosphamidon,Fenitrothion,Malathion,Fenthion,Chlorpyrifos,Parathion,Profenofos,Triazophos,Imidan and Phosalone in \u003cem\u003ePanax notoginseng and Aucklandia lappa decne\u003c/em\u003e were not detected.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"4. Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eTwo sample pretreatment methods for the extraction of 16 OPPs from the traditional Chinese medicinal herb \u003cem\u003ePanax notoginseng and Aucklandia lappa decne \u003c/em\u003ewere developed. A comparison of the two methods of analyzing 16 OPPs in \u003cem\u003ePanax notoginseng \u003c/em\u003ewas performed. We can see that the homogenate extraction method is effective, with a high extraction rate and shortened extraction time. Therefore, a fast and sensitive multi-residue analysis method was developed for the determination of organophosphorus\u0026nbsp;pesticide residues in \u003cem\u003ePanax notoginseng and Aucklandia lappa decne\u003c/em\u003e by a homogenate extraction approach coupled with automated solid-phase extraction system and GC/MS. Under the optimum conditions, the results of the homogenate approach were compared with the ultrasonic extraction method, and the homogenate approach was used to extract the samples. The average recoveries of the method ranged from 72.56% to 96.70%, and RSDs were 0.05~0.14%, which meets the requirements for the determination of 16 organophosphorus\u0026nbsp;pesticide\u0026nbsp;residues in \u003cem\u003ePanax notoginseng and Aucklandia lappa decne\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgments\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis work was financially supported by the Department of Science and Technology of Yunnan Province (Grant No. 2012FD053 and No. 2013FZ121) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61361002 and Grant No. 21366011).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConflicts of interest\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThere are no conflicts of interest to declare.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJ.P.S. Gill, J.S. Bedi, R. Singh, M.N. Fairoze, R.A. Hazarika, A. Gaurav, S.K. 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Liu\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e Determination of Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) in \u003cem\u003ePanax notoginseng\u003c/em\u003e of Chinese Traditional Medicine by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. \u003cem\u003eAdvanced Materials Research\u003c/em\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e830\u003c/strong\u003e, 422-425 (2013). doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.830.422.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Comparative study, Sample preparation methods, Organophosphorus pesticide residues, Panax notoginseng and Aucklandia lappa decne, Automated solid-phase extraction system, Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-150299/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-150299/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"A fast and sensitive multi-residue analytical method was developed for the determination of organophosphorus pesticide residues in Panax notoginseng and Aucklandia lappa decne by comparing an ultrasonic extraction and homogenate extraction approach coupled with automated solid-phase extraction system and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Various factors affecting the homogenate extraction and purification efficiency were investigated in detail. The optimum conditions for homogenate extraction of organophosphorus pesticide residues from Panax notoginseng and Aucklandia lappa decne were 60 mL dichloromethane, 10000 r/min of extracting revolution speed and 2 min of extracting time. The extracts were cleaned up by automated solid-phase extraction system and determined by GC/MS. Under the optimum conditions, the results of the homogenate extraction approach were compared with those of the ultrasonic extraction, and the homogenate extraction approach was used to extract the samples. The average recoveries of the method by a homogenate extraction approach coupled with automated solid-phase extraction system and GC/MS ranged from 72.56% to 96.70%, and RSDs were 0.05~0.14%, which allowed the determination of 16 organophosphorus pesticide residues in Panax notoginseng and Aucklandia lappa decne. The results indicated that the proposed method can apply for the determination of organophosphate pesticides residues in Panax notoginseng and Aucklandia lappa decne with high accuracy and precision.","manuscriptTitle":"Study of Analytical Methods for Determining 16 Organophosphorus Pesticide Residues in Panax Notoginseng and Aucklandia\u0026nbsp;Lappa Decne by Automated Solid-Phase Extraction System and GC/MS","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2021-02-01 17:53:43","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-150299/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"d8f4ced8-0ea5-4fd2-a664-4ade64ab291b","owner":[],"postedDate":"February 1st, 2021","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":2186487,"name":"Agroecology"},{"id":2186488,"name":"Environmental Policy"},{"id":2186489,"name":"Physical Chemistry"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2021-03-30T16:44:10+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2021-02-01 17:53:43","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-150299","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-150299","identity":"rs-150299","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"rHA-KDH7Qsr4HCuvH75dn","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}