Post-dryout heat transfer in circular tubes using R-134a: Experiment and correlation assessment

Post-dryout heat transfer in circular tubes using R-134a: Experiment and correlation assessment | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Post-dryout heat transfer in circular tubes using R-134a: Experiment and correlation assessment Ludwig Köckert, Wei Liu, Xu Cheng This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3910840/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 10 Aug, 2024 Read the published version in Heat and Mass Transfer → Version 1 posted 8 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Post-dryout heat transfer plays an important role in the safety analysis of nuclear reactors or in the design of once through steam generators, and thus attracts great interest in the research community and technical applications. In the present study, experiments on post dryout heat transfer were conducted in a uniformly heated tube test section using Freon R-134a with the following range of parameters; pressure from 11 to 28 bar, mass flux from 300 to 2000 kg/(m 2 s), heat flux from 20 to 140 kW/m 2 , and local thermal equilibrium vapor quality of more than 100%. Both procedures with increasing and decreasing heat flux were applied, to examine the hysteresis phenomenon. In general, excellent reproducibility of experiments is proven. The behavior of wall temperature and the effect of various parameters on post-dryout heat transfer can be well explained with mechanistic processes. In total, about 9000 data points were obtained and provide a valuable data base for future development of prediction models. Based on the test data gathered, five widely applied correlations of post-dryout heat transfer were selected and assessed. It was found that both correlations using thermal equilibrium approach have a much better prediction capability than the other three correlations based on thermal non-equilibrium conditions. Further analysis reveals that the main deficiency in the thermal non-equilibrium correlations is in the prediction of actual superheating of vapor, which requires obviously further improvement. Post dryout heat transfer experiment correlation assessment circular tubes Freon R-134a Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files AppendixA.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 10 Aug, 2024 Read the published version in Heat and Mass Transfer → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 28 May, 2024 Reviews received at journal 02 Apr, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 26 Mar, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 25 Mar, 2024 Reviewers invited by journal 25 Mar, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 07 Feb, 2024 Submission checks completed at journal 01 Feb, 2024 First submitted to journal 30 Jan, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-3910840","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":270564071,"identity":"99a1823f-0e14-45de-a876-f34735dfd39f","order_by":0,"name":"Ludwig Köckert","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Institut für Angewandte Thermofluidik (IATF), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ludwig","middleName":"","lastName":"Köckert","suffix":""},{"id":270564072,"identity":"564332c1-6184-4f93-bb91-ea7fbd4e707d","order_by":1,"name":"Wei Liu","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABB0lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACPmYQaWADJJgbGBtAbJgUmIcFsEG0pIGVEKkFQh3GogUXYGPnMZP4UHA+z+D4wQbGmW2H7c0lEtgkGGrsGJhnY7eGjZnHTHKGwe1igzOJDYwb2w4n7pwB0nIsmYFxzgGcWm7zGNxO3HAD6LCHbYcTDG7kf5NgYDvAwDgjAbeWPwbn4FrsDW6AbPlHQAuDwQGIFqDDGDeAtDC24dPCVv6zxyA5cSbQLwdnnEtP3HDmAbNFYl8yDy6/8PMf3mzw449dYt/xwwcf9pRZ2xscT2C88eGbnZwhjhBDAQcYodHEAHQSj+EMwjqA4A8SW16CKC2jYBSMglEw/AEA7bBd9P/ImawAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Kyushu University","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Wei","middleName":"","lastName":"Liu","suffix":""},{"id":270564073,"identity":"7fdeadd1-646e-4af2-ab39-6eb8e76dccde","order_by":2,"name":"Xu Cheng","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xu","middleName":"","lastName":"Cheng","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-01-30 14:16:09","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3910840/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3910840/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-024-03498-5","type":"published","date":"2024-08-10T15:58:14+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":62298607,"identity":"6b0d36f2-6353-4759-a520-e12d54f97506","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-08-12 16:15:15","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":617802,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"ManuscriptSubmit.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-3910840/v1_covered_008d5501-3520-46ef-a09e-7b231cb898be.pdf"},{"id":50637752,"identity":"b4a31d08-6f6d-4fd5-b190-ad90518c176a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-02-05 04:15:47","extension":"docx","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":17531,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"AppendixA.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-3910840/v1/7b62b6b476cf9ceefe3b85e6.docx"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Post-dryout heat transfer in circular tubes using R-134a: Experiment and correlation assessment","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"heat-and-mass-transfer","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"hamt","sideBox":"Learn more about [Heat and Mass Transfer](https://www.springer.com/journal/231)","snPcode":"231","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/231/3","title":"Heat and Mass Transfer","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Post dryout heat transfer, experiment, correlation assessment, circular tubes, Freon R-134a","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3910840/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3910840/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003ePost-dryout heat transfer plays an important role in the safety analysis of nuclear reactors or in the design of once through steam generators, and thus attracts great interest in the research community and technical applications. 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