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by claude@2026-07, 2026-07-04
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This study replicated and extended a previously proposed 9-parameter model of spatial-frequency tuning in human visual cortex that predicts BOLD response amplitudes across V1 as a function of stimulus orientation and spatial frequency. Using the nsdsynthetic supplement to the Natural Scenes Dataset in 8 subjects, the authors fit the model to retinotopic maps in V1 and further analyzed spatial-frequency tuning in extrastriate areas V2 and V3, reporting good agreement in most parameters despite differences from the original work (stimulus size, design, and MR field strength). They found similar dependence of preferred spatial frequency on eccentricity and similar orientation-dependent effects across studies, while observing substantial increases in tuning bandwidth from V1 to V2 and V3. This paper does not explicitly discuss endometriosis or adenomyosis; it was included in the corpus via a keyword match in the upstream search index.
Abstract
In a step toward developing a model of human primary visual cortex, a recent study introduced a model of spatial frequency tuning in V1 (Broderick et al., 2022). The model is compact, using just 9 parameters to predict BOLD response amplitude for locations across all of V1 as a function of stimulus orientation and spatial frequency. Here we replicated this analysis in a new dataset, the ‘nsdsynthetic’ supplement to the Natural Scenes Dataset (Allen et al., 2022), to assess generalization of model parameters. Furthermore, we extended the analyses to extrastriate maps V2 and V3. For each retinotopic map in the 8 NSD subjects, we fit the 9-parameter model. Despite many experimental differences between NSD and the original study, including stimulus size, experimental design, and MR field strength, there was good agreement in most model parameters. The dependence of preferred spatial frequency on eccentricity in V1 was similar between NSD and Broderick et al. Moreover, the effect of absolute stimulus orientation on spatial frequency maps was similar: higher preferred spatial frequency for horizontal and cardinal orientations compared to vertical and oblique orientations in both studies. The extension to extrastriate maps revealed that the biggest change in tuning between maps was in bandwidth: the bandwidth in spatial frequency tuning increased by 70% from V1 to V2 and 100% from V1 to V3. This implies that higher visual areas are sensitive to a greater range of stimulus spatial frequencies, paralleling the fact that higher visual areas are sensitive to a greater range in location (i.e., larger receptive fields). Together, the results show robust reproducibility and bring us closer to a systematic characterization of spatial encoding in the human visual system.
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Abstract
In a step toward developing a model of human primary visual cortex, a recent study introduced a model of spatial frequency tuning in V1 (Broderick et al., 2022). The model is compact, using just 9 parameters to predict BOLD response amplitude for locations across all of V1 as a function of stimulus orientation and spatial frequency. Here we replicated this analysis in a new dataset, the ‘nsdsynthetic’ supplement to the Natural Scenes Dataset (Allen et al., 2022), to assess generalization of model parameters. Furthermore, we extended the analyses to extrastriate maps V2 and V3. For each retinotopic map in the 8 NSD subjects, we fit the 9-parameter model. Despite many experimental differences between NSD and the original study, including stimulus size, experimental design, and MR field strength, there was good agreement in most model parameters. The dependence of preferred spatial frequency on eccentricity in V1 was similar between NSD and Broderick et al. Moreover, the effect of absolute stimulus orientation on spatial frequency maps was similar: higher preferred spatial frequency for horizontal and cardinal orientations compared to vertical and oblique orientations in both studies. The extension to extrastriate maps revealed that the biggest change in tuning between maps was in bandwidth: the bandwidth in spatial frequency tuning increased by 70% from V1 to V2 and 100% from V1 to V3. This implies that higher visual areas are sensitive to a greater range of stimulus spatial frequencies, paralleling the fact that higher visual areas are sensitive to a greater range in location (i.e., larger receptive fields). Together, the results show robust reproducibility and bring us closer to a systematic characterization of spatial encoding in the human visual system.
Competing Interest Statement
The authors have declared no competing interest.
Footnotes
We now added substantial information and strengthened the manuscript by revising methods, discussion and supplementary information.
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