MYOSLID: A Critical Modulator of Cancer Hallmarks

Despite being the leading cause of death worldwide, cancer still lacks precise biomarkers for effective targeting, limiting efforts to reduce mortality rates. This review explores the role and clinical significance of the newly identified long non-coding RNA, MYOSLID, in cancer progression. MYOSLID has emerged as a critical modulator in cancer progression by influencing key hallmarks such as proliferation, immune evasion, metastasis, and metabolic reprogramming. It promotes tumor cell growth by stabilizing hypoxia-inducible factor 1 and acting as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to sequester tumor-suppressive microRNAs like miR-29c-3p, thereby enhancing oncogene expression. It facilitates immune evasion by upregulating PD-L1, suppressing T-cell activation, and modulating necroptosis pathways involving RIPK1 and RIPK3. Additionally, MYOSLID drives metastasis by regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers such as LAMB3 and Slug while promoting RAB13-mediated cytoskeletal remodeling and enhancing cancer cell invasion. High MYOSLID expression is associated with poor prognosis in cancers such as colorectal adenocarcinoma (COAD) and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Given its significant potential as a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target, further research is required to elucidate its precise molecular mechanisms and therapeutic applications in cancer treatment.