Urbanization and Agriculture as Drivers of River Pollution: A Case Study from the Arkavathi River Basin

Urbanization and Agriculture as Drivers of River Pollution: A Case Study from the Arkavathi River Basin | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Urbanization and Agriculture as Drivers of River Pollution: A Case Study from the Arkavathi River Basin C P Brijesh, C M Gopal, Jayakrishna Kanhangad Shenoy, V N Amrish, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7488804/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract A small seasonal river, the Arkavathi River, which passes through the Silicon Valley of India, Bengaluru city, in southern India, is chosen for this study. This river provides for the drinking water needs of 14 million people of Bengaluru city and is home to vibrant aquatic ecosystems along its course (Review, 2025 ). A detailed seasonal study (post- and pre-monsoon) was conducted throughout the river to monitor certain physicochemical parameters, major ions, and heavy metals. The heavy metal pollution index confirmed that the water was fit for consumption when the samples were collected. Principal Component Analysis and land use maps confirmed that the river receives pollutants from industrial, urban, and agricultural wastewater discharge. Major ions were primarily sourced from the weathering of rocks. Their order abundance of anions Cl − >SO 4 2− >F − >NO 3 − and cations Na + >K + >Mg 2+ >K + . Domestic and industrial effluents are also suspected of pumping excess chloride into the river. We discuss the prevalence of heavy metals in the study area and identify whether agricultural regions impact water quality and environmental health. We also discuss the impact of pest infestation during 2016–2018 on river water quality. Statistical tools have been used to check whether urban or agricultural locations have a greater impact on water quality. This study highlights the importance of continuous water quality monitoring and can serve as baseline data for policymakers to develop effective management strategies. The results would also prompt policy interventions to preserve the ecological integrity of the Arkavathi River. Biological sciences/Ecology Earth and environmental sciences/Ecology Earth and environmental sciences/Environmental sciences Earth and environmental sciences/Hydrology Major ions heavy metals environmental health multivariate analysis seasonal variation India Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Introduction Water covers over 2/3 rd of the Earth’s surface, with freshwater accounting for 2.5% of the total water supply (Lal, 2015). Consequently, the environmental accumulation of heavy metals has increased due to various anthropogenic inputs (Ahmad et al., 2010; Avigliano & Schenone, 2015; Yi et al., 2011). This water is used for multiple reasons, including household, industrial, commercial, and public uses as well as agricultural (Nishitha et al., 2019). However, surface water provides an open environment for discharging different pollutants, and they are particularly vulnerable to heavy metal contamination (Herojeet et al., 2015). Because of their toxicity, bioaccumulation, and degree of environmental persistence, heavy metal poisoning in river systems poses a serious risk to aquatic life as well as the human population (Abdullah et al., 2013; Reza & Singh, 2010). Both natural and man-made processes, including soil leaching, urban storms, landfills, and mineral weathering, are the sources of heavy metals in aquatic systems. Leachate mining, runoff from agriculture, and household and industrial wastewater are primary sources of heavy metals and play major roles in the transport of heavy metals in aquatic systems during the weathering process of rock (Abdullah et al., 2013; Adamu et al., 2015; Nishitha et al., 2019; Singh et al., 2008). The need for freshwater has expanded along with the population, which has led to an increase in wastewater discharge and the subsequent pollution of freshwater bodies. Pharmaceutical waste may also contain heavy metals as they are used as catalysts in the drug manufacturing (Andreu et al., 2016; Chen et al., 2020; Nessa et al., 2016). A lot of heavy metals are used in cosmetics as perfumes and additives (Andreu et al., 2016; Ciszewski & Grygar, 2016; Islam et al., 2015). Certain cosmetics, chemicals, and additives are harmful and should not be used since they may induce endocrine disruption, cancer, gene mutations, and reproductive damage (Balakrishna et al., 2023; Collins et al., 2023). Certain substances may harm aquatic, animal, and human health at low concentrations (Zulaikha, 2015), and depending on the type of metal, these metals may harm the human body in different ways. They may have an impact on the ossification (formation of bone) process, renal function, neurological system, and other organs (Jamwal et al., 2022; Singh & Kumar, 2017). The impact of organic contaminants is contingent upon the function, conduct, and degradation products of residual contaminants in the environment, which can potentially find their way to aquatic ecosystems at different trophic levels. Monitoring and regulating the pollutants is a significant task in scientific efforts to prevent their influence on human health and the natural ecosystem. Heavy metal contamination is on the rise and poses a serious threat to humans, fish, and invertebrates (Uluturhan & Kucuksezgin, 2007). It can cause local fish populations to die or have sublethal effects after being strongly accumulated and biomagnified along the water, sediment, and aquatic food and shelter in bottom sediments (Almeida et al., 2002; McGeer et al., 2000). Pollutants can therefore be harmful to aquatic plants and animals either directly or indirectly because of contaminant bioaccumulation and Bioconcentration in the food chain, and their impact can also be seen on land (Nedjimi, 2021; Zhang & Ke, 2004). Although heavy metals occur naturally in the environment (via weathering), industrialization, transportation, and other human activities (Abida Begum et al., 2009; Franco-Uría et al., 2009; Jamwal et al., 2022; Nishitha et al., 2019) The widespread presence in water, soil, and atmosphere is mostly to blame. This research explores the continued contamination of the river Arkavathi from various sources in the four districts it passes through. The river covers urban, rural, and agricultural regions. It finally flows to the Kaveri River at Ramanagara. Throughout the discussion, we will attempt to identify the sources of contamination by performing a statistical analysis on the concentration of heavy metals and metal ions. The objective of the study was to quantify major ions and heavy metals present in the selected lake of Bengaluru, Arkavathi, its turbaries, and the input and outlets of the adjacent Water Treatment Plant (WTPs) discharging into lakes and the river. The primary goals of researching significant ions and heavy metals in a river basin are to monitor water quality, locate causes of pollution, evaluate health and environmental hazards, and provide sustainable water management methods. To safeguard water resources as well as the ecosystem and population that depend on them, regular study helps build regulatory frameworks and mitigation plans. Investigating the presence and concentration of toxic heavy metals that may build up in the food chain and damage both human and animal health. These ions act as markers of the chemical composition of the river and may represent natural processes, industrial effluents, or agricultural runoff as causes of pollution. We will evaluate the heavy metal pollution index to ascertain if it is severe enough to disrupt the food chain and thereby cause lasting harm to the flora, fauna, and human health Understanding the origin of contamination, including point and non-point sources like heavy metals after originating from industrial activities, mining, urban runoff, and wastewater discharges, while major ions can indicate agricultural activity (e.g., fertilizer) or urban pollution. Study area The Nandi Hill in Bengaluru, India, is the source of the Arkavathi River, which is a tributary of the Cauvery River. It flows for a length of 193km. The mainstream flows through Doddaballapur town. Sub tributaries join from Kumudhavathi, Vrishabhavathi, and Suvarnamukhi with small lake significant reservoirs before joining the Cauvery River, such as Hesarghatta, T.G. Halli, reservoirs supply the western Bengaluru region with around 30 million liters of drinking water per day (MLD) as it flows upstream through the Muchebele Dam. The Peenya Industries area is home to a variety of chemical industries, such as pharmaceuticals, dyes, leather, electroplating, etc. Provide the wastewater effluents for the Byramangala reservoir in the mid-stream region. Along with domestic wastewater, it finally enters the Arkavathi River at Kanakapura. The Arkavathi River basin covers an area of 4253 km2 and is spread across three districts. Bengaluru rural, Bengaluru urban, and Ramanagara. Kumudhavathi sub-tributary flows only during the monsoon period (Lele et al., 2013). The Vrishabhavathi sub-tributary traverses Bengaluru and the surrounding per-urban areas via the Byramangala tank (S18) (Fig. 1 b). Despite being a perennial river, the sewage contribution produced by Bengaluru City’s residents contributes significantly to contamination. Arkavathi River becomes diluted with other streams as it moves downstream near Mekedatu, where it joins the Cauvery River. The states of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu heavily rely on the water of the Cauvery River for domestic and agricultural uses. Figure 1a and 1b were generated using QGIS Desktop v3.28.6("QGIS," 2023) from the political map of India published by the Survey of India(India, 2025). The land use map was taken from Karnataka GIS portal (KSRSAC, 2025). 35 Samples collected during the monsoon and post-monsoon season of the 2018-2019 season (Fig.1a) were used to measure the physicochemical parameters determining the water quality characteristics. The samples were taken in October 2018, during the monsoon season, and in February 2019, following the monsoon season. Temperature, pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, and alkalinity are the main factors this investigation considers when evaluating the water quality. The results were reported, taking into account the average value of two climatic seasons. Moreover, surface water pollution levels can be determined by analyzing the levels of major ions and heavy metals in the water. To estimate the sources of pollution from the environment and humans, it is crucial to monitor inorganic major ions and heavy metals in the water. A preliminary comparison of the concentrations of the monsoon and post-monsoon samples is made. To gain a deeper comprehension of seasonal variations, this study will expand to include extensive time-series monitoring of the water bodies over an extended period. Methodology Physicochemical parameters A Hach-make Multiparameter was used to measure the fundamental physicochemical at each sampling station on-site, including temperature (TºC), pH, electrical conductivity (EC µs cm -1 ), and dissolved oxygen (DO mg L -1 ). The pH, Conductivity, and DO probes were calibrated in the laboratory using pH buffer solutions (pH 4.01, 7.01, and 10.02) and NaCl solution (1000 µ cm -1 ), respectively, before performing the on-site measurement of the water sample (Govindasamy et al., 2013; Praveena et al., 2023). After collecting water samples, alkalinity was measured using a Metrohm auto titrator. An acid-base titration using a pH electrode was used to carry out the alkalinity test. The pH probe was calibrated, and 0.02N HCl was standardized using 0.01g of sodium carbonate before the alkalinity test. The pH probe was calibrated, and 0.02N HCl was standardized using 0.01g of sodium carbonate before the alkalinity test. The water samples were titrated against 0.02N HCl to determine the alkalinity of the samples following a successful HCl calibration. A substance’s capacity to neutralize acids is measured by its alkalinity. According to certain studies (Ravikumar et al., 2013) Bicarbonate and carbonate are the main components that contribute to alkalinity and stabilize pH. Bicarbonate predominates as an ion in sample solution with pH values between 7 and 8.5; a pH of less than 5.0 suggests almost no bicarbonate contribution. In a similar vein, at pH>8.5, the carbonate ion is predominant. Major ions: Anions and cations were measured after filtering the samples using a 0.22 µm pore size filter paper. The Dionex Ion Chromatograph system (IC) was used to perform the analysis. The anion eluents were created by mixing 80 mL of sodium carbonate (8 mM) solution and 10 mL of sodium bicarbonate (1 mM) solution into 500 mL of deionized water, then adding more deionized water to make 1000 mL. The cation eluents (29mm methane sulphonic acid) were also made similarly. 500ml of deionized water was filled to 1000ml with water after 1.312ml of methane sulphonic acid was added. After a few sets of sample analyses to determine the system precision, variable standard concentrations of the calibration curves were used as a system suitability check. Heavy metals: Water samples (500ml) were acidified with nitric acid and filtered using filter paper (0.22m pore size) followed by measurement of heavy metals (Co, Cr, Cd, Mn, Fe, Ni) the analysis was carried out by Inductively coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer (Thermo ICAP-700 series). Argon gas was used as a coolant gas, auxiliary gas, and as a nebulizer gas in the ICP-OES instrument. By creating calibration curves at various concentration levels (1ppm, 10ppm, 50ppm, 100ppm, 500ppm, 1000ppm, 5000ppm, and 10,000ppm) the concentration of the standard solution was examined to determine the instrument’s performance ICP-OES was used analyze the water samples for trace metals directly, without the need to add any internal standard. (JUMBE & Nandini, 2012; Monesh et al., 2020).LGC Promochem certified reference standards were used to quantify metals. The variable concentration of the standard solution was analysed after a few sets of sample analysis to determine the instrument's performance. Accuracy and precision were within 20% of the actual value. This was ascertained by performing repeated measurements of the LGC-certified standards and the standards prepared in the lab. Measured concentrations are provided in Table 4. Calibration charts have also been provided for further reference (Fig. S15). Pollution indices and percentages Health hazard: The Heavy metals pollution index was calculated for all the samples as per the equation given (Patel et al., 2019). The following equations were used. Where, M i = measured value of the i th heavy metal, I i = ideal value (here, we assumed the desirable limit of metal), S i = standard value or permissible limit (BIS 2003), Q i = sub-index, W i = unit weightage, and n = several metals used in the calculation. (–) = numerical difference of two values, ignoring the algebraic sign. Statistical analysis, namely the PCA plots, will be performed using R Studio, the library “factominer,” and “factoextra,” and all their dependencies. The correlogram will be created in R Studio using the library “correlogram” and all its dependencies. Bar charts and other charts will be created using Microsoft Excel. Result and Discussion The river and lake water temperature varies from 20.2°C (Arkavathi river origin, Nandi hill) to 28.35°C (Hesarghatta lake) (Fig.S1 ) . This temperature range is typical in southwestern Bengaluru, India. The pH value measures the concentration or activity of hydrogen and hydroxyl ions in water. Pure water has a pH of 7.0, which is neither acidic nor basic. Acidic water has a pH below 7.0, while basic water has a pH above 7.0. Natural water typically has a pH range of 4.2 to 8.2, containing both acidic and basic conditions (Fig.S2). Further, 1-3 pH units vary within 24 hours due to changes in carbon dioxide concentration in response to the deviation in the rate of photosynthesis and respiration (Boyd et al., 2011). The water sample from the study area had pH ranges from 5.80 to 8.79 (Fig.S3), ranging from acidic to basic, with the majority showing a shift from neutral to alkaline conditions. Microbial activity and increased domestic effluent water drainage could cause this (Venkatesharaju et al., 2010). Over 7.5 pH was found in the Arkavathi area. Soil conductivity in water is determined by ionic concentration, mobility, valence, and measurement temperature. Natural waters contain mineral salts, making them conductive through ion dissociation. According to the study, during the 2018-2019 season, the electrical conductivity in Varthur Bridge and Kumudathirtha varied. Variation could result from drainage system connections based on population (Abida Begum et al., 2009). Because the lake and reservoir locations are isolated from the draining of domestic wastewater, conductivity is lower there (311 ± 169-9µS/cm is the mean ± SD) (Fig.S3). The average dissolved oxygen (DO) level indicates the average river water quality of 6.5mg/L. DO is essential for the health of Streams. Temperature and microbial activity both cause a decrease in DO in the study area. DO shows a very large, drastic variation from 1.01mg/L (Arkavathi river origin) to 9.16mg/L (Melkote kere) (7.58 ± 1.36 is the mean ± SD) of the 2018-2019 season (Fig.S4). It might be due to stagnant water with microbial activity. A substance’s alkalinity is determined by its capacity to neutralize acids: carbonate and bicarbonate are essential components. pH was stabilized during the 2018-2019 season, and alkalinity values in our study area varied from 23 mg/L to 837mg/L (Fig.S5). In regions with saline soil, alkalinity values changed, becoming more basic and indicating a change in pH. Due to the soil's nature in the Arkavathi River's upper stretches, the field observation indicates the presence of sugarcane cultivation in these areas. The unique balance of pH, alkalinity, and soil type allows for the growth of good-quality sugarcane. However, that does not protect the crops from pest attacks. During 2016-2018, there was a significant grub infestation in the Bengaluru region, including areas around the Arkavathi river basin. White grubs (holarchies serrata), a serious pest affecting sugarcane crops, caused severe crop damage by feeding on sugarcane roots, causing reduced yield and further economic losses for farmers. Traditional chemical pesticides have proven ineffective in removing the infestation of grubs so far. Chemical pesticides remain a conventional method for pest control. Their long-term impact on soil health and the surrounding environment cannot be ignored. These repeated applications of synthetic insecticides can lead to the accumulation of heavy metals in agricultural diversity, but also pose a risk to river water, groundwater contamination, and crop bioaccumulation. Furthermore, pesticide residues in water bodies contribute to eutrophication and toxicity to aquatic life. Studies in similar agricultural ecosystems have shown that excessive pesticide use alters the soil and pH, reduces organic matter content, and affects beneficial organisms such as earthworms, essential for soil aeration and nutrient cycling, and poses risks to the environment and non-target organisms (Ramachandra & Ahalya; Salvadó et al., 2006; Venkatesha Raju et al., 2012). During 2016 – 2018, extended field studies targeting white grubs (H. serrata) infestations in sugarcane were conducted in Karnataka, employing biocontrol agents M. anisopliae (ICAR – NBAIR Ma–4 Strain) and B. bassiana (ICAR – NBAIR Bb–5a) (Ramanujam et al., 2021). Major ions The main inorganic anions and cations present in surface water are Cl - , SO 4 2- , F - , NO 3 - , Na + , K + , Mg 2+ , and Ca2+. Surface water derived from minerals, rocks, atmospheric precipitation, and industrial and municipal wastes contains chloride ions, rich in sodium, magnesium, and calcium salts. Chloride ions (Cl-) are highly migratory ions from chloride salts of sodium, magnesium, and calcium. In surface water, it occurs from the leaching process of minerals like sylvite, bischofite, and carnallite. The other sources include chloride-containing rocks like nephelines and saline deposits. It also accumulates from atmospheric precipitation, and nowadays, it is associated with industrial and municipal wastes. In our study area, the chloride ion value ranges from a minimum of 3.09 mg/L (Kumudhathirtha) and a maximum of 642 mg/L (Jnabharathi) (mean ± SD, 156 ± 154) of the 2018-2019 season (Fig.S6). Sulphate (SO 4 2 -) ions are contained in all surface waters, and their source is mainly from various sedimentary rocks like gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O) or anhydrite. In our study area, the ion value ranges from a minimum of 0.76 mg/L (Hesarghatta Lake) to a maximum of 88 mg/L (Varthur bridge) (mean ± SD, 23.0 ±19.36) for the 2018-2019 season (Fig.S7). The presence of calcium ions, which combine to form the slightly soluble CaSO 4 , limits their content. Sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere from burning fossil fuels and roasting metals is what causes sulphate ions to accumulate in surface waters (Bhateria & Jain, 2016) Acid rain is made up of sulfur dioxide, which is created when sulfur dioxide is catalytically oxidized in many industries, including fertilizer, dyes, chemicals, soap, paper, textiles, fungicides, and insecticides. Use sulfuric acid and sulphates. Additionally, algae growth in raw and public water supplies is managed with copper sulphate. Fluoride ions are crucial for understanding surface water concentration, which impacts human health. The 2018-2019 season showed fluoride values ranging from 0.03mg/L in the Arkavathi River to 0.72mg/L in Mavthurkere. The Bureau of India Standard (BIS) recommends maintaining fluoride concentrations between 1.0mg/ L and 1.5 mg/L in water to prevent dental caries and fluorosis (Fig.S8). Fluoride forms a complex with metal ions at<5, while higher pH levels result in ionic form (F-). Therefore, it is advisable to maintain fluoride concentrations within this range. The essential rock minerals like fluorspar, apatite, cryolite, and hornblende are the most abundant in releasing fluoride ion concentration into water sources (Malago et al., 2017). Nitrates (NO 3 - ) ions value ranges from a minimum of 0.03mg/L (Rajarajeshwarinagar) and a maximum of 30mg/L (Bekuppe) (5.29 ± 8.52 is the mean ± SD). The nitrate ion value ranges from a minimum of 0.005mg/L (Melotekere) to a maximum of 0.005mg/L of 10.02mg/L (Jnanabarathi) (2.62 ± 3.29 is the mean ± SD) of the 2018-2019 season (Fig.S9). Nitrates are organic nitrogenous matter produced through aerobic decomposition, primarily from fertilizers used on agricultural land and wastewater from domestic and industrial effluents. Natural nitrate concentration ranges from 0-18 mg/L, depending on soil and vegetation conditions, however, agricultural land with anthropogenic activities significantly increases nitrate concentration (Ward et al., 2018). The potassium ion concentrations range from a minimum of 0.5965mg/L (Doddamarlawadi bridge) and a maximum of 86.45mg/L (Abbana Kuppe) (mean ± SD, 16.91 ± 17.24) of the 2018-2019 season (Fig.S10). Phosphates (PO 4 3- ) in surface water can come from a variety of sources, including solid rock deposits, runoff from surface catchments, fertilizers, detergent, boiler fluids that have been utilized, biological processes that result in detritus, dead plants, and animal remains at the bottom of river and lakes, and interaction between sediments and water. (Adeyemo et al., 2008). Sodium (Na + ) ions are sourced from rock weathering, salt deposits, ocean recycling, aerosol, rainfall, and a few constituents from ocean recycling. The sample’s sodium ion concentrations have a (131.86 ± 131.11 is the mean ± SD) in season and range from 1.644mg/L (Haniyur) to 563.03mg/L (Aralusandra) (Fig.S11). Thus, it occurs as the third-highest concentration in surface water. The maximum portion of the sodium ions is balanced by chloride ions, forming a stable mobile combination that moves with high velocity in water. Further sodium ions may accumulate from domestic sewage contamination through sodium dodecyl sulphate (C 12 H 25 NaO 4 S) used in household detergents, toothpaste, and shampoos (Ravikumar et al., 2013). Potassium (K + ) ions are similar in magnitude to sodium ions in soil, with concentrations ranging from 0.5965mg/L at Doddamarlawadi Bridge to 86.45mg/L at Abbana Kuppe (Fig.S12). The material actively participates in biological processes; it has a poor ability to migrate in surface water. Due to mineral dissolution, it occurs at lower concentrations, whereas ash and dry plant material have higher concentrations. Wood ashes have been used as a potassium source for centuries. Magnesium (Mg 2+ ) ions are less abundant than calcium ions in the Earth’s crust, with concentrations ranging from 0.206mg/L (Aralusandra) and (30.91 ± 30.57 is the mean ± SD) (Fig.S13), respectively. It enters the surface water through the dissolution and weathering of dolomite marks and other rocks. Magnesium is less active biologically compared to calcium ions. However, the higher solubility of magnesium and sulphate occurs in higher concentrations in surface water. Further, the magnesium ions are significantly influenced by organic compounds that are supplied with wastewater (Potasznik & Szymczyk, 2015). Calcium ions (Ca 2+ ) originate from streams flowing over limestone, gypsum, CaCO 3 , CaSo 4 , 2H 2 O (Bhateria & Jain, 2016). Other calcium-containing rocks include nephelines and saline deposits. The calcium ion concentrations range from a minimum of 2.0925mg/L (Kumudhathirtha) and a maximum of 406.9mg/L (Aralusandra) (72.35 ± 72.39 is the mean ± SD) (Fig.S14). The calcium carbonate is insoluble in water, but in the presence of a significant amount of carbon dioxide, it is soluble in water. A further source of calcium ions is the drainage canal containing incompletely treated wastewater (Potasznik & Szymczyk, 2015). Heavy metals Heavy metals and quality studies have observed a significant range in the spatial and temporal variation of heavy metals. In this study, the distribution and analysis of Co, Cr, Cd, Mn, Fe, and Ni were done. The metal distribution in the Arkavathi River is as follows: Cd<Cr<Co<Ni<Mn<Fe. Throughout the two seasons, different trends have been seen among the metals under study (monsoon and post-monsoon). The average concentrations across the two seasons of the metals (Fig.5) are Fe (106.8821mg/L)> Mn (62.89mg/L)> Ni (4.81mg/L)> Co (0.87mg/L)> Cr (0.86mg/L)> Cd (0.07mg/L). The river basin of Arkavathi is characterized by the three primary rocks with chemical compositions of migmatite, granulite (including pink granulite), and charnockite. The migmatite is composed of silica (SiO 2 ) (60-75%), alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) (10-15%), iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ) (2-8%), magnesium oxide (MgO) (1-5%), calcium oxide (CaO) (1-6%), potassium oxide (K 2 O), and sodium oxide (Na 2 O) (3-10%). Granulite/ pink Granulite includes silica (SiO 2 ) (50-70%), alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) (10-20%), iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ) (5-15%), magnesium oxide (MgO) (2-8%), calcium oxide (CaO) (3-12%), potassium oxide (K 2 O), and sodium oxide (Na 2 O) (2-8%). Charnockite contains silica (SiO 2 ) (55-70%), alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) (12-18%), iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ) (5-12%), magnesium oxide (MgO) (2-8%), calcium oxide (CaO) (2-10%), potassium oxide (K 2 O), and sodium oxide (Na 2 O) (3-7%). Granulite/pink granulite contributes a high percentage of iron oxide (5-15%), followed by charnockite (5-12%), and then migmatite contributes a small amount of iron oxide. Alumina contributing granulite/pink granulite (10-20%)> charnockite (12-18%), migmatite (10-15%). Iron, manganese, and nickel concentrations exceeded the permissible limit, whereas cadmium and chromium were within the allowable limit in the Indian standard (BIS, 2012). Trance metal in rivers is sourced from suspended sediments, surface runoff, groundwater flow, and anthropogenic activities. Distribution in aquatic systems is influenced by sediment recycling, biological reworking, water column mixing, and surface runoff. Dissolved metals, primarily organic complexes, are now entering riverine and aquatic systems through untreated sewage waste, posing a significant threat to aquatic ecosystems. During the 2018-2019 season (Fig.6(a-l)), the amount of dissolved iron in the Arkavathi River was higher than the permissible limit of 300 ppb, according to Indian guidelines (BIS, 2012). Fe is a weathering component that is mainly found in the crust of the Earth (Franco-Uría et al., 2009). It may be linked to an increase in residential sewage waste and buildings along riverbanks (Achary et al., 2016). The dissolved iron concentrations ranged from 906.65 ppb in the monsoon to 2019's post-season’s highest Fe value (1544.53 ppb), which was recorded at S5 during the post-monsoon, maybe as a result of the nearby Magadhamba temple. Manganese also exceeded the 100 ppb allowable limits naturally occurring in rock and soil. They range from 0.206 ppb to 232.05 ppb in the monsoon. The locations closest to Bengaluru had the highest concentration of manganese in post-monsoon (627.16 ppb) in the vicinity of Bidadi railway station, manganese steel, which is typically used in railway tracks because of its strength and contains around 13% manganese. The elevated concentration of manganese could be due to the deterioration of railway lines near the river. Manganese is used in cans, dry cell batteries, and as an oxidizing agent for steel, adding to the amount of manganese in the environment(Achary et al., 2016). Toxic metal cadmium, with a level under the Indian Standard acceptable limit of 3 ppb, is a significant hazard to both humans and animals (Fatoki et al., 2004; Suthar et al., 2009). The study discovered that during the monsoon, Cd concentrations ranged from 0.036 ppb to 0.628 ppb, and after the monsoon, from 0.0 to 1.722 ppb. According to Simpson (1981), human activity accounts for 40% of mercury contamination (Achary et al., 2016; Nessa et al., 2016; World Health, 2004). Cd in the Arkavathi River might come from agricultural land, where farmers might use phosphate fertilizers to grow plant roots, and alternatives with low Cd content are often expensive. Pesticides containing cadmium usually treat white grub infestation in sugarcane crops. The level of chromium ranged from 0.056 ppb to 4.114 ppb during the monsoon and 0.009 ppb to 3.475 ppb after the monsoon, all falling below the 50 ppb allowable limits. In addition to being present in the environment naturally as Cr (III), suspended insoluble chromium is also introduced by industrial operations such as tanning, pigment production, wood preservation, electroplating, paints, and surface polishing (Achary et al., 2016). Cr is mostly discharged from urban areas from sewage waste, industrial waste discharge, and dyeing units, and it is also present in cement dust, brick, and concrete material. Some Cr is also contributed from agricultural areas using fertilizer and pesticides on the crop. Cr affects the human liver, kidneys, weakens immunity, and causes reproductive problems (Suthar et al., 2009). Chromium is also used in fertilizers and pesticides that treat white grubs infesting sugarcane crops, thus explaining its higher concentration in the monsoon. Cobalt can be used in various sectors, including paint, motors, the chemical and petroleum industries, and corrosion-resistant materials. According to the research, cobalt concentration was observed to range from 0.105 ppb to 2.456 ppb post-monsoon and from 0.027 ppb to 2.73 ppb during the monsoon. The area closest to Bengaluru, where environmental cobalt contamination is most likely due to human activity, shows the greatest quantities (Jamwal et al., 2022). The presence of cobalt in urban and agricultural areas may be due to industrial pollution, sewage sludge, emissions from vehicles, phosphate fertilizer, and also small amounts from paints (paint can be leaching, and weathering from the painted surface can lead to cobalt leaching into waterbodies). Excessive levels of cobalt can be toxic to plants, animals, and humans (Suthar et al., 2009). High cobalt can reduce crop yield and pose health risks through water and air exposure, leading to heart disease, respiratory issues, and thyroid problems. Nickel, a biologically indispensable metal, is extensively scattered in the environment. It is present in Igneous rocks such as basalt, sedimentary rocks, slate, sandstone, and shale, and clay minerals are among the settings that contain nickel, a vital element. Ni concentration ranged from 0.13 ppb to 57.935 ppb during the monsoon and 0.649 ppb to 23.817 ppb post-monsoon, above the 20 ppb thresholds established by Indian regulations. Higher values were consistently high near Bengaluru and its surrounding regions (Nessa et al., 2016). Nickel is used in fertilizers and is present in sewage and industrial emissions. This can pose a serious crop risk, reduce soil fertility and cause harm in humans and animals. Nickel can cause lung diseases, skin allergies, organ toxicity, and potential cancer risks in humans (Suthar et al., 2009). Health hazard assessment: The heavy metal pollution index (HPI) assesses the contamination level of water bodies with heavy metals. Drinking water is safe if HPI≤ 100. All samples fall well within the HPI safe limit (Fig.7), so the Arkavathi River water is safe for human consumption. A slight peak at sample location S9 suggests a localized increase in heavy metal concentration, but it remains within the safe range. PCA (Principal Component Analysis) biplot is a graphical representation that shows both the principal component scores of observations (data points) and loadings of variables (arrows) in a reduced dimensional space. In this biplot, the x-axis (Dim 1) and y-axis (Dim 2) represent the first two principal components. The graph explains the maximum variance in the data. The data points indicate individual water samples, while the arrows represent variable metals such as Fe, Cd, Cr, Mn, Co, and Ni. The length and direction of the arrows suggest a more substantial influence on the data set variance. Comparing the PCA biplots of season 1(Fig.8.1) and season 2(Fig.8.2) reveals a shift in clustering and metal association, indicating seasonal metal concentrations. This analysis helps understand patterns, relationships, and seasonal influences on water quality. In the PCA biplots, Ag (Agricultural areas (blue circles)), Fo (Forest areas (yellow triangles)), and Ur (Urban areas (gray squares)) represent different land use types affecting water quality. Fertilizers and runoff influence Ag, while Fo experiences minimal human impact. Ur face pollution from industrial and domestic sources. The samples in the biplots highlight differences in metal concentration among these environments. Season variations further influence metal distribution, reflecting environmental changes and anthropogenic factors. This analysis helps identify pollution sources and assess water quality variations across land use types. PCA biplot for seasons 1 and 2 illustrates the variations in metal concentrations in the water samples at different locations. In season 1, the first two principal components explain 65.6% of the variance, with Dim 1 (38.9%) capturing most of it, followed by Dim 2 (26.7%) metals like Fe, Cd, Cr, Mn, Co, and Ni. Influence the distribution, with Fe and Cd showing a strong relationship, while Cr and Mn exhibit a distinct pattern. The data points representing different sample groups, Ag, Fo, and Ur, show a pattern with Ag and Ur samples appearing more concentration and Fo showing some dispersion. In season 2, the variance explained by the first two principal components may slightly decrease to 61.3%, but Dim 1 (43.7%) plays a more dominate role. The orientation of mental loading shifts slightly, with the Cd becoming more distinct and Cr and Fe still exerting a strong influence. The distribution of data points also changes, with Ag samples remaining clustered, while Fo and Ur become more Scattered compared to season 1. This suggests seasonal variation in metal concentrations, possibly due to rainfall, runoff, or anthropogenic influence. Overall, the difference between the two biplots indicates the metal concentration pattern is unstable and may fluctuate with seasonal changes in environmental conditions. This graph correlates with smooth line plots and fill visualization for different metal concentrations Ni, Co, Mn, Cr, Cd, and Fe. The correlogram is by default is the Pearson correlation. We have used the Pearson correlation to identify correlation between heavy metals. The diagonal elements show the density distribution of metal concentration, and the small red line plotted represents the correlation distribution of each metal. The dark blue represents strong positive correlations; lighter shades indicate weaker correlations. The numbers inside the fill indicate the correlation coefficients. A higher correlation coefficient means that the two variables are more likely to be correlated. Positive correlation coefficient indicates that the two variables move together in the same direction, while the negative indicates the opposite. The two correlograms (Fig.9.1, Fig.9.2) compare the concentrations of heavy metals (Ni, Co, Mn, Cr, Cd, and Fe) in the first season; Fe has the highest concentration of 906.65ppb followed by Mn 232.06ppb and Ni at 57.94ppb. In contrast, the second-season correlograms show Fe with a significantly higher concentration of 1544.53ppb, Mn at 627.16ppb, and Ni at 23.82ppb; Cd is at a lower level in both seasons, with slight variation. The patterns suggest differences in metal contamination between the two samples, possibly due to the agricultural land using pesticides for insects and worms to protect crops and waste water leading from town to the river. The second season sample appears to have more contamination, particularly with Fe and Mn indicating higher pollution levels. The chemicals used for insecticides that have been tested thus to control grubs, which are pests in sugarcane crops, have shown less efficiency and are expensive, making them unaffordable for low-income farmers. Chemicals, pesticides, and insecticides harm insects and seriously threaten the health and safety of local flora and fauna. New environmental beings and financial variables for low-income farmers must be developed to handle white grubs (Ramanujam et al., 2021). The soil ecosystem to effectively reduce soil pests, naturally occurring entomopathogens such as nematodes, bacteria, viruses, and fungi are essential (Chandel et al., 2018). Contribute to insecticide resistance in insects, and pose health and environmental threats to people. New environmental beings and financial variables for low-income farmers must be developed to handle white grubs (Ramanujam et al., 2021). The soil ecosystem to effectively reduce soil pests, naturally occurring entomopathogens such as nematodes, bacteria, viruses, and fungi are essential (Chandel et al., 2018). Heavy metal toxicity harms the environment as it causes bioaccumulation within the food chain and can thereby pose a risk to animal health. The finding reveals that heavy metals originate from multiple anthropogenic sources, including industrial discharge, urban runoff, and agricultural inputs. These contaminants pose significant health hazards, such as organ toxicity, immunosuppression, reparatory ailments, and carcinogenic effects (Ali et al., 2019). They contribute to ecological change by reducing soil fertility, affecting aquatic ecosystems, and disrupting biodiversity. The result emphasizes the necessity for comprehensive pollution control strategies (Nagajyoti et al., 2010). Conclusion The river water temperature varied from 20.2ºC (the origin of the Arkavathi River is Nandi Hill) to 28.5ºC (the Hesarghatta Lake), a temperature typical of Bengaluru, India, towards the southwest. The rise in physicochemical parameters such as pH, Conductivity, and Alkalinity decrease in the dissolved oxygen confirms the extent of pollution throughout the study area. The major ions present in the surface water were Cl − , SO 4 2− , F − , NO 3 − , Na + , K + , Mg 2+ , and K + . In the Arkavathi River catchment area, the predominant anion and cation trend was in the order of Cl − >SO 4 2− >NO 3 − >PO 4 3− >F − and Na + >Ca 2+ >Mg 2+ >K + , respectively. Among the anions in the surface water, chloride ions predominated. From 3.09 mg/L at Varathur bridge, the concentration ranges were varied. Sodium was the predominant ion in the cation species, and its concentration was 1.7 mg/L at Haniyur to a maximum of 563 mg/L at Aralusandra. The different natural processes that cause rocks and minerals to weather, leach, and erode can be blamed for the varying concentrations of these ions. Chloride and sodium ion concentrations in rivers can rise due to effluent addition. The Arkavathi River is contaminated with heavy metals by anthropogenic activities. Sample from 35 locations in rural Bengaluru was tested using an ICP-OES instrument for heavy metals Iron, Manganese, Nickel, Cobalt, Chromium, and Cadmium during both the monsoon and the post-monsoon season. The average concentrations across the two seasons of the metals were Fe (107 mg/L), Mn (0.063 mg/L), Ni (0.0048 mg/L), Co (0.00087 mg/L), Cr (0.00086 mg/L), and Cd (0.00007 mg/L). The study has found that all the samples fall within the heavy metal pollution index and hence are safe for human consumption. The distribution of heavy metals across rural (upstream and downstream) and urban (midstream) areas confirms its sources from both natural and anthropogenic activities. There is a clear seasonal shift between concentration of certain heavy metals during monsoon and post monsoon season in river Arkavathi. During the monsoon, the concentration of these heavy metals are higher (namely Cd, Fe and Cr) at certain sampling locations. It could be due to their usage in agricultural regions in the study area. During post monsoon, these elevated concentrations are not visible. This could be due to the leaching of these heavy metals to the monsoon season, thus causing its spike. The same spike is not visible in the map of the post monsoon season. Heavy metal pollution (HPI) indicates overall water quality remains within safe limits for human consumption. Especially urbanized locations demand targeted remediation and continuous monitoring. The PCA and correlogram analyses further substantiate the role of seasonal shift and land use in influencing pollutant distribution and highlight the need for integrated land and water management strategies. The information gathered from this study provides a detailed picture of the Arkavathi River’s condition. The anthropogenic cause of pollution is exposed by it most likely, untreated sewage pollution was the cause of the increased metal contamination in the river. This is also well demonstrated by the greater amounts of several pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the river. Triclosan is a chemical that can be harmful to human health at high concentrations (hazard quotient > 1) (Gopal et al., 2021 )The analysis reveals that natural and man-made pollution sources contaminate the river. This investigation also shows the health risks associated with pollution. Declarations Acknowledgements We are grateful to MAHE for providing the analytical facility under the Central Instrumentation Facility. Funding We sincerely thank the Board of Research in Nuclear Sciences (BRNS) , Government of India, through project no. 35/14/17/2017-BRNS/35140 granted to Dr K Balakrishna for providing us with logistical support and consumables. Competing interests The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose. Authors contribution: All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Brijesh C P, Dr Gopal C M, Jayakrishna Kanhangad Shenoy, Dr Amrish Vadakkeveedu Narayan and Dr Keshava Balakrishna. The first draft of the manuscript was written jointly by Brijesh C P, Dr Gopal C M and Jayakrishna Kanhangad Shenoy and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. 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Tables Table.1 The average value of the physicochemical parameter (Seasons 1 and 2) Sample ID Temp ( °C) pH Conductivity ( µS/cm) DO(mg/L) Alkalinity(mmol/L) S1 17 7 490 6 4 S2 24 6 254 6 1 S3 21 7 144 7 3 S4 24 7 83 7 1 S5 21 7 137 6 2 S6 24 7 121 7 2 S7 24 7 134 6 3 S8 22 8 2 4 14 S9 21 8 975 5 6 S10 23 8 659 7 5 S11 24 8 170 6 3 S12 24 8 506 4 5 S13 24 8 118 6 5 S14 24 8 1580 7 10 S15 24 8 1570 5 11 S16 24 8 1274 6 9 S17 24 8 1630 5 12 S18 21 8 1659 1 12 S19 21 8 1528 8 8 S20 22 8 1355 1 13 S21 22 8 1355 0 13 S22 22 8 1134 0 10 S23 22 8 1277 0 10 S24 22 8 1344 0 12 S25 20 9 587 8 5 S26 21 9 478 8 5 S27 25 9 386 8 5 S28 25 8 1238 7 9 S29 25 8 1037 7 8 S30 25 9 991 9 11 S31 25 8 1404 7 12 S32 26 9 370 7 5 S33 25 9 907 8 9 S34 25 9 718 8 7 S35 25 9 742 7 9 Table.2 Average value of Major ion (Season 1 and 2) Sample ID Na + K + Ca 2+ Mg 2+ PO 4 3- NO 3 - Cl - F - SO 4 2- S1 4 7 11 1 0 0 7 0 2 S2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 S3 19 21 25 4 0 0 38 1 6 S4 1 1 2 0 0 0 2 0 4 S5 26 8 31 5 0 2 32 0 22 S6 1 1 1 0 0 1 2 0 2 S7 5 10 17 8 0 0 6 0 1 S8 263 29 139 72 5 6 433 0 62 S9 163 19 49 43 0 8 401 0 41 S10 120 13 54 29 0 1 166 0 14 S11 39 5 28 10 0 0 30 0 4 S12 199 11 183 42 0 0 38 0 3 S13 136 12 59 33 0 1 219 0 16 S14 638 72 442 145 6 18 177 0 23 S15 199 24 113 42 7 8 254 0 38 S16 179 12 89 50 1 15 225 0 37 S17 152 19 88 30 7 5 181 0 26 S18 353 52 111 77 8 0 221 0 34 S19 125 17 86 25 5 0 135 0 32 S20 129 18 90 25 5 0 154 0 27 S21 167 27 88 37 9 0 214 0 25 S22 105 18 79 24 9 0 123 0 10 S23 114 18 74 30 10 0 146 0 12 S24 98 18 75 21 6 0 104 0 16 S25 94 16 67 19 6 0 113 1 9 S26 82 12 64 17 2 0 83 0 18 S27 141 8 80 37 0 6 105 0 16 S28 132 7 80 33 1 9 142 1 20 S29 23 2 31 16 0 0 19 0 8 S30 145 10 89 32 1 11 153 1 20 S31 166 18 104 37 6 35 285 1 33 S32 50 6 9 12 0 0 55 1 17 S33 18 0 11 3 0 0 10 0 4 S34 59 1 8 10 0 0 31 0 8 S35 7 2 2 0 0 0 2 0 1 Table. 3 Season 1 Heavy Metal data Sample ID Fe (ppb) Mn (ppb) Ni (ppb) Cd (ppb) Co (ppb) Cr (ppb) S1 906.654 29.009 1.622 0.628 1.286 1.44 S2 0 0 0 0 0 0 S3 547.116 6.635 1.623 0 0.835 1.337 S4 543.013 6.502 1.79 0.08 0.094 1.132 S5 58.562 0.34 1.237 0.131 0.481 0.202 S6 631.843 8.815 3.743 0.122 1.101 3.713 S7 4.755 2.771 6.091 0 0.551 0.129 S8 6.384 9.857 57.935 0 2.773 1.228 S9 0 0.309 8.338 0 1.34 1.046 S10 0 0.503 1.456 0.087 0.678 0 S11 0 0.417 0.303 0.049 0 0.531 S12 3.102 0.333 0.528 0.144 0.725 0.281 S13 0 0.647 3.144 0.131 0.347 0.456 S14 2.393 0.206 2.928 0 0.668 0.502 S15 2.394 9.724 9.945 0 2.13 0.643 S16 18.129 14.791 5.251 0.055 0.658 0.128 S17 17.456 31.508 6.984 0 1.585 1.039 S18 18.513 44.357 11.187 0 1.419 0.754 S19 310.803 49.039 8.819 0.196 0.294 1.068 S20 617.35 27.085 13.201 0.235 0.458 4.114 S21 34.538 204.344 9.14 0.054 2.383 0.997 S22 130.362 232.056 6.366 0.091 0.495 2.649 S23 79.31 225.392 4.917 0.115 0.318 2.108 S24 100.505 142.646 10.861 0 1.141 3.506 S25 62.676 172.918 13.252 0.595 1.998 3.305 S26 38.487 109.851 1.066 0.186 1.225 1.044 S27 0 1 2.215 0.154 0.055 0 S28 0 1.635 2.818 0 0.505 0.495 S29 0 1.489 0.515 0.036 0.649 0.188 S30 0 1.037 2.213 0 0 0.056 S31 0 0.51 3.505 0 0.822 0.329 S32 5.587 4.722 0.79 0 0.336 0.17 S33 175.815 10.696 1.015 0 0.027 0.42 S34 122.618 4.144 0.697 0.212 1.096 0.759 S35 0 8.832 0.13 0.047 0.266 0 Table.3a Season 2 Heavy Metal data Sample ID Fe (ppb) Mn (ppb) Ni (ppb) Cd (ppb) Co (ppb) Cr (ppb) S1 0 0 0 0 0 0 S2 0 0 0 0 0 0 S3 138.73 19.75 1.33 0 1.37 0.15 S4 0 0 0 0 0 S5 1544.53 34.25 2.9 0 1.35 3.33 S6 0 0 0 0 0 0 S7 0 0 6.19 0 0.89 0 S8 23.06 9.25 8.52 0 1.57 0.24 S9 0 1.45 3.51 1.72 0.74 0 S10 0 6.28 1.7 0 0.8 0 S11 0 7.19 0 0 0 0 S12 241.14 627.17 0 0 0.9 0 S13 0 0 1.56 0 0.11 0 S14 0 0 5.28 0 1.29 0.36 S15 0 4.09 5.77 0 0.94 0.5 S16 0 5.05 0.65 0 1.31 0 S17 45.26 128.44 6.92 0 1.43 1.69 S18 136.16 398.99 8.35 0 1 3.48 S19 165.7 382.54 8.13 0 1.89 1.56 S20 101.6 253.67 7.21 0 1.2 2.32 S21 114.11 259.6 9.22 0 1.12 0.32 S22 144.45 301.25 7.17 0 2.46 0.48 S23 63.11 243.3 4.62 0 1.37 2.17 S24 62.89 48.51 13.62 0 1.6 1.99 S25 88.77 192.64 23.82 0 1.81 2.81 S26 122.25 102.1 1.28 0 1.06 0.42 S27 0 1.16 0 0 0.91 0 S28 0 0 0 0 1.43 0 S29 0 0 0 0 1.08 0 S30 0 0 0 0 0.43 0.07 S31 0 4.28 3.71 0 1.71 0.02 S32 0 1.69 0 0 0.59 0.13 S33 0 0 0 0 0 0 S34 0 0 0 0 0 0 S35 30.2 3.85 0 0 0.33 0 Table 4 Measured concentration during calibration vs true concentration Category Concentration average (0.1 ppm) Concentration average (0.5 ppm) Concentration average (1 ppm) Concentration average (5 ppm) Concentration average (10 ppm) Ca 393.366{86} (Axial) 0.096 ppm 0.508 ppm 0.996 ppm N/A N/A Ca 396.847{85} (Radial) 0.058 ppm 0.478 ppm 1.000 ppm 5.127 ppm 9.938 ppm Cd 228.802 {447} (Axial) 0.051 ppm 0.485 ppm 1.022 ppm 5.087 ppm 9.956 ppm Cd 226.502{449} (Radial) 0.072 ppm 0.494 ppm 1.018 ppm 5.035 ppm 9.981 ppm Co 228.616{447} (Axial) 0.059 ppm 0.488 ppm 1.018 ppm 5.071 ppm 9.964 ppm Co 238.892{141} (Radial) 0.062 ppm 0.506 ppm 1.012 ppm 5.042 ppm 9.978 ppm Cr 283.563{119} (Axial) 0.057 ppm 0.487 ppm 1.006 ppm 5.099 ppm 9.951 ppm Cr 267.716{126} (Radial) 0.069 ppm 0.488 ppm 1.010 ppm 5.065 ppm 9.967 ppm Cu 324.754 {104} (Axial) 0.042 ppm 0.479 ppm 1.007 ppm 5.143 ppm 9.930 ppm Cu 327.396{103} (Radial) 0.070 ppm 0.490 ppm 1.022 ppm 5.038 ppm 9.980 ppm Fe 259.940{130} (Axial) 0.053 ppm 0.482 ppm 0.997 ppm 5.132 ppm 9.935 ppm Fe 238.204{141} (Radial) 0.088 ppm 0.490 ppm 0.993 ppm 5.057 ppm 9.973 ppm Hg 184.950 {482} (Axial) 0.083 ppm 0.499 ppm 0.992 ppm 5.051 ppm 9.976 ppm Hg 194.227 {474} (Radial) 0.098 ppm 0.512 ppm 1.005 ppm 4.975 ppm 10.012 ppm K 766.490{44} (Axial) O. 155 ppm 0.493 ppm 0.962 ppm 4.974 ppm 10.017 ppm K 404.414{83} (Radial) -5.608 ppm 0.546 ppm 6.008 ppm 7.200 ppm 8.454 ppm Mg 279.553{121} (Axial) 0.035 ppm 0.506 ppm 1.073 ppm 4.986 ppm N/A Mg 280270 {120} (Radial) 0.052 ppm 0.491 ppm 1.022 ppm 5.071 ppm 9.963 ppm Mn 257.610{131} (Axial) 0.032 ppm 0.481 ppm 1.025 ppm 5.126 ppm 9.936 ppm Mn 259.373{130} (Radial) 0.054 ppm 0.489 ppm 1.018 ppm 5.080 ppm 9.959 ppm Na 588.995{57} (Radial) 4.476 ppm 3.358 ppm 1.717 ppm -10.384 ppm 17.434 ppm Na 589.592{57} (Radial) 0.057 ppm 0.468 ppm 1.026 ppm 5.099 ppm 9.950 ppm Ni 231.604{446} (Axial) 0.050 ppm 0.487 ppm 1.024 ppm 5.079 ppm 9.959 ppm Ni 221.647{452} (Radial) 0.079 ppm 0.498 ppm 1.027 ppm 4.996 ppm 10.000 ppm Pb 220.353{453} (Axial) 0.048 ppm 0.489 ppm 1.026 ppm 5.077 ppm 9.960 ppm Pb 216.999{455} (Radial) O. 108 ppm 0.370 ppm 1.062 ppm 5.119 ppm 9.941 ppm Zn 213.856{458} (Axial) 0.043 ppm 0.480 ppm 1.022 ppm 5.113 ppm 9.943 ppm Zn 202.548{466} (Radial) 0.075 ppm 0.490 ppm 1.021 ppm 5.032 ppm 9.983 ppm Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. 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1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":921822,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ea\u003c/strong\u003e Location map of the Arkavathi River, India.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eb Land use/land cover map for the \u003c/strong\u003eArkavathi River basin. Sampling station numbers are also noted on the map.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7488804/v1/774fd10d9fe598b5040d2b05.png"},{"id":91846391,"identity":"662d2e43-c16b-4c45-93ff-59ef3701fb3e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-22 10:19:12","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":63692,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFig.5 \u003c/strong\u003eMaximum average metal concentration distribution in the Arkavathi River\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7488804/v1/fc04a1740eefbcc001c0ff06.png"},{"id":91846396,"identity":"fa962233-1ab7-4d3e-abbc-47666f4df62a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-22 10:19:12","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":555808,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFig. 6.1(a-l) \u003c/strong\u003eSpatial metal concentration range across the study area.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7488804/v1/fd03fd58fc474e3c2872acf3.png"},{"id":91847739,"identity":"c79b2ca7-f32d-4af6-8370-4c091608d174","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-22 10:27:12","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":143215,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFig. 7 \u003c/strong\u003eHeavy metal pollution index for water sample of the Arkavathi River.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"7.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7488804/v1/36779e90e9b6d6682aed68dd.png"},{"id":91847742,"identity":"a0bfa139-fa4f-41b2-8e5b-20f3799fde11","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-22 10:27:12","extension":"png","order_by":5,"title":"Figure 5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":355208,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFig. \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;8.1 \u003c/strong\u003ePCA \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;biplot for Season 1.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFig. \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;8.2 \u003c/strong\u003ePCA \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;biplot for Season 2.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAg (Agricultural areas (blue circles)), Fo (Forest areas (yellow triangles)), and Ur (Urban areas (gray squares)).\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"8.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7488804/v1/86ccdc009e35704fa4426c98.png"},{"id":91848031,"identity":"e5e77d18-981b-477a-8a96-ab901c5ccfee","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-22 10:35:12","extension":"png","order_by":6,"title":"Figure 6","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":209749,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFig. 9.1 \u003c/strong\u003eSeason 1 Correlogram\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFig. 9.2 \u003c/strong\u003eSeason 2 Correlogram\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"9.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7488804/v1/c65a432462eeea7b5d20f23d.png"},{"id":91963747,"identity":"e9ac33db-cbf9-4dad-b72a-de8823d1158a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-23 08:10:32","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":3507871,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7488804/v1/20a90a36-ab6b-4b7d-8c22-ce96193c6e98.pdf"},{"id":91846393,"identity":"d8e833c7-d109-44f4-8d8d-8996d42e2a7c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-22 10:19:12","extension":"docx","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":1519912,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Figures.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7488804/v1/008e8ffce6cb2e558928fef8.docx"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Urbanization and Agriculture as Drivers of River Pollution: A Case Study from the Arkavathi River Basin","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eWater covers over 2/3\u003csup\u003erd\u003c/sup\u003e of the Earth\u0026rsquo;s surface, with freshwater accounting for 2.5% of the total water supply (Lal, 2015). Consequently, the environmental accumulation of heavy metals has increased due to various anthropogenic inputs (Ahmad et al., 2010; Avigliano \u0026amp; Schenone, 2015; Yi et al., 2011). This water is used for multiple reasons, including household, industrial, commercial, and public uses as well as agricultural (Nishitha et al., 2019). However, surface water provides an open environment for discharging different pollutants, and they are particularly vulnerable to heavy metal contamination (Herojeet et al., 2015). Because of their toxicity, bioaccumulation, and degree of environmental persistence, heavy metal poisoning in river systems poses a serious risk to aquatic life as well as the human population (Abdullah et al., 2013; Reza \u0026amp; Singh, 2010). Both natural and man-made processes, including soil leaching, urban storms, landfills, and mineral weathering, are the sources of heavy metals in aquatic systems. Leachate mining, runoff from agriculture, and household and industrial wastewater are primary sources of heavy metals and play major roles in the transport of heavy metals in aquatic systems during the weathering process of rock (Abdullah et al., 2013; Adamu et al., 2015; Nishitha et al., 2019; Singh et al., 2008). The need for freshwater has expanded along with the population, which has led to an increase in wastewater discharge and the subsequent pollution of freshwater bodies. Pharmaceutical waste may also contain heavy metals as they are used as catalysts in the drug manufacturing (Andreu et al., 2016; Chen et al., 2020; Nessa et al., 2016). A lot of heavy metals are used in cosmetics as perfumes and additives (Andreu et al., 2016; Ciszewski \u0026amp; Grygar, 2016; Islam et al., 2015). Certain cosmetics, chemicals, and additives are harmful and should not be used since they may induce endocrine disruption, cancer, gene mutations, and reproductive damage (Balakrishna et al., 2023; Collins et al., 2023). Certain substances may harm aquatic, animal, and human health at low concentrations (Zulaikha, 2015), and depending on the type of metal, these metals may harm the human body in different ways. They may have an impact on the ossification (formation of bone) process, renal function, neurological system, and other organs (Jamwal et al., 2022; Singh \u0026amp; Kumar, 2017). The impact of organic contaminants is contingent upon the function, conduct, and degradation products of residual contaminants in the environment, which can potentially find their way to aquatic ecosystems at different trophic levels. Monitoring and regulating the pollutants is a significant task in scientific efforts to prevent their influence on human health and the natural ecosystem. Heavy metal contamination is on the rise and poses a serious threat to humans, fish, and invertebrates (Uluturhan \u0026amp; Kucuksezgin, 2007). It can cause local fish populations to die or have sublethal effects after being strongly accumulated and biomagnified along the water, sediment, and aquatic food and shelter in bottom sediments (Almeida et al., 2002; McGeer et al., 2000). Pollutants can therefore be harmful to aquatic plants and animals either directly or indirectly because of contaminant bioaccumulation and Bioconcentration in the food chain, and their impact can also be seen on land (Nedjimi, 2021; Zhang \u0026amp; Ke, 2004).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Although heavy metals occur naturally in the environment (via weathering), industrialization, transportation, and other human activities (Abida Begum et al., 2009; Franco-Ur\u0026iacute;a et al., 2009; Jamwal et al., 2022; Nishitha et al., 2019) The widespread presence in water, soil, and atmosphere is mostly to blame. This research explores the continued contamination of the river Arkavathi from various sources in the four districts it passes through. The river covers urban, rural, and agricultural regions. It finally flows to the Kaveri River at Ramanagara. Throughout the discussion, we will attempt to identify the sources of contamination by performing a statistical analysis on the concentration of heavy metals and metal ions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eThe objective of the study was to quantify major ions and heavy metals present in the selected lake of Bengaluru, Arkavathi, its turbaries, and the input and outlets of the adjacent Water Treatment Plant (WTPs) discharging into lakes and the river. The primary goals of researching significant ions and heavy metals in a river basin are to monitor water quality, locate causes of pollution, evaluate health and environmental hazards, and provide sustainable water management methods. To safeguard water resources as well as the ecosystem and population that depend on them, regular study helps build regulatory frameworks and mitigation plans.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eInvestigating the presence and concentration of toxic heavy metals that may build up in the food chain and damage both human and animal health. These ions act as markers of the chemical composition of the river and may represent natural processes, industrial effluents, or agricultural runoff as causes of pollution. We will evaluate the heavy metal pollution index to ascertain if it is severe enough to disrupt the food chain and thereby cause lasting harm to the flora, fauna, and human health\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eUnderstanding the origin of contamination, including point and non-point sources like heavy metals after originating from industrial activities, mining, urban runoff, and wastewater discharges, while major ions can indicate agricultural activity (e.g., fertilizer) or urban pollution.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStudy area\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Nandi Hill in Bengaluru, India, is the source of the Arkavathi River, which is a tributary of the Cauvery River. \u0026nbsp;It flows for a length of 193km. The mainstream flows through Doddaballapur town. Sub tributaries join from Kumudhavathi, Vrishabhavathi, and Suvarnamukhi with small lake significant reservoirs before joining the Cauvery River, such as Hesarghatta, T.G. Halli, reservoirs supply the western Bengaluru region with around 30 million liters of drinking water per day (MLD) as it flows upstream through the Muchebele Dam. The Peenya Industries area is home to a variety of chemical industries, such as pharmaceuticals, dyes, leather, electroplating, etc. Provide the wastewater effluents for the Byramangala reservoir in the mid-stream region. Along with domestic wastewater, it finally enters the Arkavathi River at Kanakapura.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Arkavathi River basin covers an area of 4253 km2 and is spread across three districts. Bengaluru rural, Bengaluru urban, and Ramanagara. Kumudhavathi sub-tributary flows only during the monsoon period (Lele et al., 2013). The Vrishabhavathi sub-tributary traverses Bengaluru and the surrounding per-urban areas via the Byramangala tank (S18) (Fig. 1 b). Despite being a perennial river, the sewage contribution produced by Bengaluru City\u0026rsquo;s residents contributes significantly to contamination. \u0026nbsp;Arkavathi River becomes diluted with other streams as it moves downstream near Mekedatu, where it joins the Cauvery River. The states of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu heavily rely on the water of the Cauvery River for domestic and agricultural uses. Figure 1a and 1b were generated using QGIS Desktop v3.28.6(\u0026quot;QGIS,\u0026quot; 2023) from the political map of India published by the Survey of India(India, 2025). The land use map was taken from Karnataka GIS portal (KSRSAC, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e35 Samples collected during the monsoon and post-monsoon season of the 2018-2019 season (Fig.1a) were used to measure the physicochemical parameters determining the water quality characteristics. The samples were taken in October 2018, during the monsoon season, and in February 2019, following the monsoon season. Temperature, pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, and alkalinity are the main factors this investigation considers when evaluating the water quality. The results were reported, taking into account the average value of two climatic seasons. Moreover, surface water pollution levels can be determined by analyzing the levels of major ions and heavy metals in the water. To estimate the sources of pollution from the environment and humans, it is crucial to monitor inorganic major ions and heavy metals in the water. A preliminary comparison of the concentrations of the monsoon and post-monsoon samples is made. To gain a deeper comprehension of seasonal variations, this study will expand to include extensive time-series monitoring of the water bodies over an extended period.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methodology","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePhysicochemical parameters\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA Hach-make Multiparameter was used to measure the fundamental physicochemical at each sampling station on-site, including temperature (T\u0026ordm;C), pH, electrical conductivity (EC \u0026micro;s cm\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e), and dissolved oxygen (DO mg L\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e). The pH, Conductivity, and DO probes were calibrated in the laboratory using pH buffer solutions (pH 4.01, 7.01, and 10.02) and NaCl solution (1000 \u0026micro; cm\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e), respectively, before performing the on-site measurement of the water sample (Govindasamy et al., 2013; Praveena et al., 2023).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAfter collecting water samples, alkalinity was measured using a Metrohm auto titrator. An acid-base titration using a pH electrode was used to carry out the alkalinity test. The pH probe was calibrated, and 0.02N HCl was standardized using 0.01g of sodium carbonate before the alkalinity test. The pH probe was calibrated, and 0.02N HCl was standardized using 0.01g of sodium carbonate before the alkalinity test. The water samples were titrated against 0.02N HCl to determine the alkalinity of the samples following a successful HCl calibration. A substance\u0026rsquo;s capacity to neutralize acids is measured by its alkalinity. According to certain studies (Ravikumar et al., 2013) Bicarbonate and carbonate are the main components that contribute to alkalinity and stabilize pH. Bicarbonate predominates as an ion in sample solution with pH values between 7 and 8.5; a pH of less than 5.0 suggests almost no bicarbonate contribution. In a similar vein, at pH\u0026gt;8.5, the carbonate ion is predominant.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMajor ions:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eAnions and cations were measured after filtering the samples using a 0.22 \u0026micro;m pore size filter paper. The Dionex Ion Chromatograph system (IC) was used to perform the analysis. The anion eluents were created by mixing 80 mL of sodium carbonate (8 mM) solution and 10 mL of sodium bicarbonate (1 mM) solution into 500 mL of deionized water, then adding more deionized water to make 1000 mL. The cation eluents (29mm methane sulphonic acid) were also made similarly. 500ml of deionized water was filled to 1000ml with water after 1.312ml of methane sulphonic acid was added. After a few sets of sample analyses to determine the system precision, variable standard concentrations of the calibration curves were used as a system suitability check.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHeavy metals:\u003c/strong\u003e Water samples (500ml) were acidified with nitric acid and filtered using filter paper (0.22m pore size) followed by measurement of heavy metals (Co, Cr, Cd, Mn, Fe, Ni) the analysis was carried out by Inductively coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer (Thermo ICAP-700 series). Argon gas was used as a coolant gas, auxiliary gas, and as a nebulizer gas in the ICP-OES instrument. By creating calibration curves at various concentration levels (1ppm, 10ppm, 50ppm, 100ppm, 500ppm, 1000ppm, 5000ppm, and 10,000ppm) the concentration of the standard solution was examined to determine the instrument\u0026rsquo;s performance ICP-OES was used analyze the water samples for trace metals directly, without the need to add any internal standard. (JUMBE \u0026amp; Nandini, 2012; Monesh et al., 2020).LGC Promochem certified reference standards were used to quantify metals. The variable concentration of the standard solution was analysed after a few sets of sample analysis to determine the instrument\u0026apos;s performance. Accuracy and precision were within 20% of the actual value. This was ascertained by performing repeated measurements of the LGC-certified standards and the standards prepared in the lab. Measured concentrations are provided in Table 4. Calibration charts have also been provided for further reference (Fig. S15).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePollution indices and percentages\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHealth hazard:\u003c/strong\u003e The Heavy metals pollution index was calculated for all the samples as per the equation given (Patel et al., 2019). The following equations were used.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://myfiles.space/user_files/58895_8739fc6c57c1c19a/58895_custom_files/img1758290256.png\" width=\"304\" height=\"158\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhere,\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM\u003csub\u003ei\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/em\u003e = measured value of the \u003cem\u003ei\u003c/em\u003e\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e heavy metal,\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eI\u003csub\u003ei\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/em\u003e = ideal value (here, we assumed the desirable limit of metal), \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eS\u003csub\u003ei\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/em\u003e = standard value or permissible limit (BIS 2003), \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eQ\u003csub\u003ei\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/em\u003e = sub-index,\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eW\u003csub\u003ei\u003c/sub\u003e = unit weightage, and\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003en = several metals used in the calculation.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(\u0026ndash;) = numerical difference of two values, ignoring the algebraic sign.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStatistical analysis, namely the PCA plots, will be performed using R Studio, the library \u0026ldquo;factominer,\u0026rdquo; and \u0026ldquo;factoextra,\u0026rdquo; and all their dependencies. The correlogram will be created in R Studio using the library \u0026ldquo;correlogram\u0026rdquo; and all its dependencies. Bar charts and other charts will be created using Microsoft Excel.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Result and Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe river and lake water temperature varies from 20.2\u0026deg;C (Arkavathi river origin, Nandi hill) to 28.35\u0026deg;C (Hesarghatta lake) (Fig.S1\u003cstrong\u003e)\u003c/strong\u003e. This temperature range is typical in southwestern Bengaluru, India. The pH value measures the concentration or activity of hydrogen and hydroxyl ions in water. Pure water has a pH of 7.0, which is neither acidic nor basic. Acidic water has a pH below 7.0, while basic water has a pH above 7.0. Natural water typically has a pH range of 4.2 to 8.2, containing both acidic and basic conditions (Fig.S2). Further, 1-3 pH units vary within 24 hours due to changes in carbon dioxide concentration in response to the deviation in the rate of photosynthesis and respiration (Boyd et al., 2011). The water sample from the study area had pH ranges from 5.80 to 8.79 (Fig.S3), ranging from acidic to basic, with the majority showing a shift from neutral to alkaline conditions. Microbial activity and increased domestic effluent water drainage could cause this (Venkatesharaju et al., 2010). Over 7.5 pH was found in the Arkavathi area. Soil conductivity in water is determined by ionic concentration, mobility, valence, and measurement temperature. Natural waters contain mineral salts, making them conductive through ion dissociation. According to the study, during the 2018-2019 season, the electrical conductivity in Varthur Bridge and Kumudathirtha varied. Variation could result from drainage system connections based on population (Abida Begum et al., 2009). Because the lake and reservoir locations are isolated from the draining of domestic wastewater, conductivity is lower there (311 \u0026plusmn; 169-9\u0026micro;S/cm is the mean \u0026plusmn; SD) (Fig.S3). The average dissolved oxygen (DO) level indicates the average river water quality of 6.5mg/L. DO is essential for the health of Streams. Temperature and microbial activity both cause a decrease in DO in the study area. DO shows a very large, drastic variation from 1.01mg/L (Arkavathi river origin) to 9.16mg/L (Melkote kere) (7.58 \u0026plusmn; 1.36 is the mean \u0026plusmn; SD) of the 2018-2019 season (Fig.S4). It might be due to stagnant water with microbial activity. A substance\u0026rsquo;s alkalinity is determined by its capacity to neutralize acids: carbonate and bicarbonate are essential components. pH was stabilized during the 2018-2019 season, and alkalinity values in our study area varied from 23 mg/L to 837mg/L (Fig.S5). In regions with saline soil, alkalinity values changed, becoming more basic and indicating a change in pH.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDue to the soil\u0026apos;s nature in the Arkavathi River\u0026apos;s upper stretches, the field observation indicates the presence of sugarcane cultivation in these areas. The unique balance of pH, alkalinity, and soil type allows for the growth of good-quality sugarcane. However, that does not protect the crops from pest attacks. During 2016-2018, there was a significant grub infestation in the Bengaluru region, including areas around the Arkavathi river basin. White grubs (holarchies serrata), a serious pest affecting sugarcane crops, caused severe crop damage by feeding on sugarcane roots, causing reduced yield and further economic losses for farmers. Traditional chemical pesticides have proven ineffective in removing the infestation of grubs so far. Chemical pesticides remain a conventional method for pest control. Their long-term impact on soil health and the surrounding environment cannot be ignored. These repeated applications of synthetic insecticides can lead to the accumulation of heavy metals in agricultural diversity, but also pose a risk to river water, groundwater contamination, and crop bioaccumulation. Furthermore, pesticide residues in water bodies contribute to eutrophication and toxicity to aquatic life. Studies in similar agricultural ecosystems have shown that excessive pesticide use alters the soil and pH, reduces organic matter content, and affects beneficial organisms such as earthworms, essential for soil aeration and nutrient cycling, and poses risks to the environment and non-target organisms (Ramachandra \u0026amp; Ahalya; Salvad\u0026oacute; et al., 2006; Venkatesha Raju et al., 2012). During 2016 \u0026ndash; 2018, extended field studies targeting white grubs (H. serrata) infestations in sugarcane were conducted in Karnataka, employing biocontrol agents M. anisopliae (ICAR \u0026ndash; NBAIR Ma\u0026ndash;4 Strain) and B. bassiana (ICAR \u0026ndash; NBAIR Bb\u0026ndash;5a) (Ramanujam et al., 2021).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMajor ions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe main inorganic anions and cations present in surface water are\u0026nbsp;Cl\u003csup\u003e-\u003c/sup\u003e, SO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e2-\u003c/sup\u003e, F\u003csup\u003e-\u003c/sup\u003e, NO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e-\u003c/sup\u003e, Na\u003csup\u003e+\u003c/sup\u003e, K\u003csup\u003e+\u003c/sup\u003e, Mg\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c/sup\u003e, and Ca2+. Surface water derived from minerals, rocks, atmospheric precipitation, and industrial and municipal wastes contains chloride ions, rich in sodium, magnesium, and calcium salts. Chloride ions (Cl-) are highly migratory ions from chloride salts of sodium, magnesium, and calcium. In surface water, it occurs from the leaching process of minerals like sylvite, bischofite, and carnallite. The other sources include chloride-containing rocks like nephelines and saline deposits. \u0026nbsp;It also accumulates from atmospheric precipitation, and nowadays, it is associated with industrial and municipal wastes. In our study area, the chloride ion value ranges from a minimum of 3.09 mg/L (Kumudhathirtha) and a maximum of 642 mg/L (Jnabharathi) (mean \u0026plusmn; SD, 156 \u0026plusmn; 154) of the 2018-2019 season (Fig.S6).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSulphate (SO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e-) ions are contained in all surface waters, and their source is mainly from various sedimentary rocks like gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O) or anhydrite. In our study area, the ion value ranges from a minimum of 0.76 mg/L (Hesarghatta Lake) to a maximum of 88 mg/L (Varthur bridge) (mean \u0026plusmn; SD, 23.0 \u0026plusmn;19.36) for the 2018-2019 season\u0026nbsp;(Fig.S7). The presence of calcium ions, which combine to form the slightly soluble CaSO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e, limits their content. Sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere from burning fossil fuels and roasting metals is what causes sulphate ions to accumulate in surface waters (Bhateria \u0026amp; Jain, 2016) Acid rain is made up of sulfur dioxide, which is created when sulfur dioxide is catalytically oxidized in many industries, including fertilizer, dyes, chemicals, soap, paper, textiles, fungicides, and insecticides. Use sulfuric acid and sulphates. Additionally, algae growth in raw and public water supplies is managed with copper sulphate.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFluoride ions are crucial for understanding surface water concentration, which impacts human health. The 2018-2019 season showed fluoride values ranging from 0.03mg/L in the Arkavathi River to 0.72mg/L in Mavthurkere. The Bureau of India Standard (BIS) recommends maintaining fluoride concentrations between 1.0mg/ L and 1.5 mg/L in water to prevent dental caries and fluorosis\u0026nbsp;(Fig.S8). Fluoride forms a complex with metal ions at\u0026lt;5, while higher pH levels result in ionic form (F-). Therefore, it is advisable to maintain fluoride concentrations within this range. The essential rock minerals like fluorspar, apatite, cryolite, and hornblende are the most abundant in releasing fluoride ion concentration into water sources (Malago et al., 2017).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNitrates (NO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e-\u003c/sup\u003e) ions value ranges from a minimum of 0.03mg/L (Rajarajeshwarinagar) and a maximum of 30mg/L (Bekuppe) (5.29 \u0026plusmn; 8.52 is the mean \u0026plusmn; SD). The nitrate ion value ranges from a minimum of 0.005mg/L (Melotekere) to a maximum of 0.005mg/L of 10.02mg/L (Jnanabarathi) (2.62 \u0026plusmn; 3.29 is the mean \u0026plusmn; SD) of the 2018-2019 season (Fig.S9). Nitrates are organic nitrogenous matter produced through aerobic decomposition, primarily from fertilizers used on agricultural land and wastewater from domestic and industrial effluents. Natural nitrate concentration ranges from 0-18 mg/L, depending on soil and vegetation conditions, however, agricultural land with anthropogenic activities significantly increases nitrate concentration (Ward et al., 2018).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe potassium ion concentrations range from a minimum of 0.5965mg/L (Doddamarlawadi bridge) and a maximum of 86.45mg/L (Abbana Kuppe) (mean \u0026plusmn; SD, 16.91 \u0026plusmn; 17.24) of the 2018-2019 season\u0026nbsp;(Fig.S10). Phosphates (PO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e3-\u003c/sup\u003e) in surface water can come from a variety of sources, including solid rock deposits, runoff from surface catchments, fertilizers, detergent, boiler fluids that have been utilized, biological processes that result in detritus, dead plants, and animal remains at the bottom of river and lakes, and interaction between sediments and water.\u0026nbsp;(Adeyemo et al., 2008).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSodium (Na\u003csup\u003e+\u003c/sup\u003e) ions are sourced from rock weathering, salt deposits, ocean recycling, aerosol, rainfall, and a few constituents from ocean recycling. The sample\u0026rsquo;s sodium ion concentrations have a\u0026nbsp;(131.86\u0026nbsp;\u0026plusmn; 131.11 is the mean \u0026plusmn; SD) in season and range from 1.644mg/L (Haniyur) to 563.03mg/L (Aralusandra)\u0026nbsp;(Fig.S11). Thus, it occurs as the third-highest concentration in surface water. The maximum portion of the sodium ions is balanced by chloride ions, forming a stable mobile combination that moves with high velocity in water. Further sodium ions may accumulate from domestic sewage contamination through sodium dodecyl sulphate\u0026nbsp;(C\u003csub\u003e12\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e25\u003c/sub\u003eNaO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003eS) used in household detergents, toothpaste, and shampoos\u0026nbsp;(Ravikumar et al., 2013).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePotassium (K\u003csup\u003e+\u003c/sup\u003e) ions are similar in magnitude to sodium ions in soil, with concentrations ranging from 0.5965mg/L at Doddamarlawadi Bridge to 86.45mg/L at Abbana Kuppe\u0026nbsp;(Fig.S12). The material actively participates in biological processes; it has a poor ability to migrate in surface water. Due to mineral dissolution, it occurs at lower concentrations, whereas ash and dry plant material have higher concentrations. Wood ashes have been used as a potassium source for centuries.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMagnesium (Mg\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c/sup\u003e) ions are less abundant than calcium ions in the Earth\u0026rsquo;s crust, with concentrations ranging from 0.206mg/L (Aralusandra) and\u0026nbsp;(30.91\u0026nbsp;\u0026plusmn; 30.57 is the mean \u0026plusmn; SD)\u0026nbsp;(Fig.S13),\u0026nbsp;respectively. It enters the surface water through the dissolution and weathering of dolomite marks and other rocks. Magnesium is less active biologically compared to calcium ions. However, the higher solubility of magnesium and sulphate occurs in higher concentrations in surface water. Further, the magnesium ions are significantly influenced by organic compounds that are supplied with wastewater\u0026nbsp;(Potasznik \u0026amp; Szymczyk, 2015).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCalcium ions (Ca\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c/sup\u003e) originate from streams flowing over limestone, gypsum, CaCO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e, CaSo\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e, 2H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO (Bhateria \u0026amp; Jain, 2016). Other calcium-containing rocks include nephelines and saline deposits. The calcium ion concentrations range from a minimum of 2.0925mg/L (Kumudhathirtha) and a maximum of 406.9mg/L (Aralusandra) (72.35\u0026nbsp;\u0026plusmn; 72.39 is the mean \u0026plusmn; SD)\u0026nbsp;(Fig.S14). The calcium carbonate is insoluble in water, but in the presence of a significant amount of carbon dioxide, it is soluble in water. A further source of calcium ions is the drainage canal containing incompletely treated wastewater\u0026nbsp;(Potasznik \u0026amp; Szymczyk, 2015).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHeavy metals\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHeavy metals and quality studies have observed a significant range in the spatial and temporal variation of heavy metals. In this study, the distribution and analysis of Co, Cr, Cd, Mn, Fe, and Ni were done. The metal distribution in the Arkavathi River is as follows: Cd\u0026lt;Cr\u0026lt;Co\u0026lt;Ni\u0026lt;Mn\u0026lt;Fe. Throughout the two seasons, different trends have been seen among the metals under study (monsoon and post-monsoon). The average concentrations across the two seasons of the metals (Fig.5) are Fe (106.8821mg/L)\u0026gt; Mn (62.89mg/L)\u0026gt; Ni (4.81mg/L)\u0026gt; Co (0.87mg/L)\u0026gt; Cr (0.86mg/L)\u0026gt; Cd (0.07mg/L).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe river basin of Arkavathi is characterized by the three primary rocks with chemical compositions of migmatite, granulite (including pink granulite), and charnockite. The migmatite is composed of silica (SiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e) (60-75%), alumina (Al\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e) (10-15%), iron oxide (Fe\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e) (2-8%), magnesium oxide (MgO) (1-5%), calcium oxide (CaO) (1-6%), potassium oxide (K\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO), and sodium oxide (Na\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO) (3-10%). Granulite/ pink Granulite includes silica (SiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e) (50-70%), alumina (Al\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e) (10-20%), iron oxide (Fe\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e) (5-15%), magnesium oxide (MgO) (2-8%), calcium oxide (CaO) (3-12%), potassium oxide (K\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO), and sodium oxide (Na\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO) (2-8%). Charnockite contains silica (SiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e) (55-70%), alumina (Al\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e) (12-18%), iron oxide (Fe\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e) (5-12%), magnesium oxide (MgO) (2-8%), calcium oxide (CaO) (2-10%), potassium oxide (K\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO), and sodium oxide (Na\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO) (3-7%). Granulite/pink granulite contributes a high percentage of iron oxide (5-15%), followed by charnockite (5-12%), and then migmatite contributes a small amount of iron oxide. Alumina contributing granulite/pink granulite (10-20%)\u0026gt; charnockite (12-18%), migmatite (10-15%).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIron, manganese, and nickel concentrations exceeded the permissible limit, whereas cadmium and chromium were within the allowable limit in the Indian standard (BIS, 2012). Trance metal in rivers is sourced from suspended sediments, surface runoff, groundwater flow, and anthropogenic activities. Distribution in aquatic systems is influenced by sediment recycling, biological reworking, water column mixing, and surface runoff. Dissolved metals, primarily organic complexes, are now entering riverine and aquatic systems through untreated sewage waste, posing a significant threat to aquatic ecosystems.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDuring the 2018-2019 season (Fig.6(a-l)), the amount of dissolved iron in the Arkavathi River was higher than the permissible limit of 300 ppb, according to Indian guidelines (BIS, 2012). Fe is a weathering component that is mainly found in the crust of the Earth (Franco-Ur\u0026iacute;a et al., 2009). It may be linked to an increase in residential sewage waste and buildings along riverbanks (Achary et al., 2016). The dissolved iron concentrations ranged from 906.65 ppb in the monsoon to 2019\u0026apos;s post-season\u0026rsquo;s highest Fe value (1544.53 ppb), which was recorded at S5 during the post-monsoon, maybe as a result of the nearby Magadhamba temple.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eManganese also exceeded the 100 ppb allowable limits naturally occurring in rock and soil. They range from 0.206 ppb to 232.05 ppb in the monsoon. The locations closest to Bengaluru had the highest concentration of manganese in post-monsoon (627.16 ppb) in the vicinity of Bidadi railway station, manganese steel, which is typically used in railway tracks because of its strength and contains around 13% manganese. The elevated concentration of manganese could be due to the deterioration of railway lines near the river. Manganese is used in cans, dry cell batteries, and as an oxidizing agent for steel, adding to the amount of manganese in the environment(Achary et al., 2016).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eToxic metal cadmium, with a level under the Indian Standard acceptable limit of 3 ppb, is a significant hazard to both humans and animals (Fatoki et al., 2004; Suthar et al., 2009). The study discovered that during the monsoon, Cd concentrations ranged from 0.036 ppb to 0.628 ppb,\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003eand after the monsoon, from 0.0 to 1.722 ppb. According to Simpson (1981), human activity accounts for 40% of mercury contamination (Achary et al., 2016; Nessa et al., 2016; World Health, 2004). Cd in the Arkavathi River might come from agricultural land, where farmers might use phosphate fertilizers to grow plant roots, and alternatives with low Cd content are often expensive. Pesticides containing cadmium usually treat white grub infestation in sugarcane crops. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe level of chromium ranged from 0.056 ppb to 4.114 ppb during the monsoon and 0.009 ppb to 3.475 ppb after the monsoon, all falling below the 50 ppb allowable limits. In addition to being present in the environment naturally as Cr (III), suspended insoluble chromium is also introduced by industrial operations such as tanning, pigment production, wood preservation, electroplating, paints, and surface polishing (Achary et al., 2016). Cr is mostly discharged from urban areas from sewage waste, industrial waste discharge, and dyeing units, and it is also present in cement dust, brick, and concrete material. Some Cr is also contributed from agricultural areas using fertilizer and pesticides on the crop. Cr affects the human liver, kidneys, weakens immunity, and causes reproductive problems (Suthar et al., 2009). Chromium is also used in fertilizers and pesticides that treat white grubs infesting sugarcane crops, thus explaining its higher concentration in the monsoon.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCobalt can be used in various sectors, including paint, motors, the chemical and petroleum industries, and corrosion-resistant materials. According to the research, cobalt concentration was observed to range from 0.105 ppb to 2.456 ppb post-monsoon and from 0.027 ppb to 2.73 ppb during the monsoon. The area closest to Bengaluru, where environmental cobalt contamination is most likely due to human activity, shows the greatest quantities (Jamwal et al., 2022). The presence of cobalt in urban and agricultural areas may be due to industrial pollution, sewage sludge, emissions from vehicles, phosphate fertilizer, and also small amounts from paints (paint can be leaching, and weathering from the painted surface can lead to cobalt leaching into waterbodies). Excessive levels of cobalt can be toxic to plants, animals, and humans (Suthar et al., 2009). High cobalt can reduce crop yield and pose health risks through water and air exposure, leading to heart disease, respiratory issues, and thyroid problems. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNickel, a biologically indispensable metal, is extensively scattered in the environment. It is present in Igneous rocks such as basalt, sedimentary rocks, slate, sandstone, and shale, and clay minerals are among the settings that contain nickel, a vital element. Ni concentration ranged from 0.13 ppb to 57.935 ppb during the monsoon and 0.649 ppb to 23.817 ppb post-monsoon, above the 20 ppb thresholds established by Indian regulations. Higher values were consistently high near Bengaluru and its surrounding regions (Nessa et al., 2016). Nickel is used in fertilizers and is present in sewage and industrial emissions. This can pose a serious crop risk, reduce soil fertility and cause harm in humans and animals. Nickel can cause lung diseases, skin allergies, organ toxicity, and potential cancer risks in humans (Suthar et al., 2009). \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHealth hazard assessment:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe heavy metal pollution index (HPI) assesses the contamination level of water bodies with heavy metals. Drinking water is safe if HPI\u0026le; 100. All samples fall well within the HPI safe limit (Fig.7), so the Arkavathi River water is safe for human consumption. A slight peak at sample location S9 suggests a localized increase in heavy metal concentration, but it remains within the safe range.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePCA (Principal Component Analysis) biplot is a graphical representation that shows both the principal component scores of observations (data points) and loadings of variables (arrows) in a reduced dimensional space. In this biplot, the x-axis (Dim 1) and y-axis (Dim 2) represent the first two principal components. The graph explains the maximum variance in the data. The data points indicate individual water samples, while the arrows represent variable metals such as Fe, Cd, Cr, Mn, Co, and Ni. The length and direction of the arrows suggest a more substantial influence on the data set variance. Comparing the PCA biplots of season 1(Fig.8.1) and season 2(Fig.8.2) reveals a shift in clustering and metal association, indicating seasonal metal concentrations. This analysis helps understand patterns, relationships, and seasonal influences on water quality.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn the PCA biplots, Ag (Agricultural areas (blue circles)), Fo (Forest areas (yellow triangles)), and Ur (Urban areas (gray squares)) represent different land use types affecting water quality. Fertilizers and runoff influence Ag, while Fo experiences minimal human impact. Ur face pollution from industrial and domestic sources. The samples in the biplots highlight differences in metal concentration among these environments. Season variations further influence metal distribution, reflecting environmental changes and anthropogenic factors. This analysis helps identify pollution sources and assess water quality variations across land use types.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePCA biplot for seasons 1 and 2 illustrates the variations in metal concentrations in the water samples at different locations. In season 1, the first two principal components explain 65.6% of the variance, with Dim 1 (38.9%) capturing most of it, followed by Dim 2 (26.7%) metals like Fe, Cd, Cr, Mn, Co, and Ni. Influence the distribution, with Fe and Cd showing a strong relationship, while Cr and Mn exhibit a distinct pattern. The data points representing different sample groups, Ag, Fo, and Ur, show a pattern with Ag and Ur samples appearing more concentration and Fo showing some dispersion.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn season 2, the variance explained by the first two principal components may slightly decrease to 61.3%, but Dim 1 (43.7%) plays a more dominate role. The orientation of mental loading shifts slightly, with the Cd becoming more distinct and Cr and Fe still exerting a strong influence. The distribution of data points also changes, with Ag samples remaining clustered, while Fo and Ur become more Scattered compared to season 1. This suggests seasonal variation in metal concentrations, possibly due to rainfall, runoff, or anthropogenic influence. Overall, the difference between the two biplots indicates the metal concentration pattern is unstable and may fluctuate with seasonal changes in environmental conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis graph correlates with smooth line plots and fill visualization for different metal concentrations Ni, Co, Mn, Cr, Cd, and Fe. The correlogram is by default is the Pearson correlation. We have used the Pearson correlation to identify correlation between heavy metals. The diagonal elements show the density distribution of metal concentration, and the small red line plotted represents the correlation distribution of each metal. The dark blue represents strong positive correlations; lighter shades indicate weaker correlations. The numbers inside the fill indicate the correlation coefficients. A higher correlation coefficient means that the two variables are more likely to be correlated. Positive correlation coefficient indicates that the two variables move together in the same direction, while the negative indicates the opposite.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe two correlograms (Fig.9.1, Fig.9.2) compare the concentrations of heavy metals (Ni, Co, Mn, Cr, Cd, and Fe) in the first season; Fe has the highest concentration of 906.65ppb followed by Mn 232.06ppb and Ni at 57.94ppb. In contrast, the second-season correlograms show Fe with a significantly higher concentration of 1544.53ppb, Mn at 627.16ppb, and Ni at 23.82ppb; Cd is at a lower level in both seasons, with slight variation. The patterns suggest differences in metal contamination between the two samples, possibly due to the agricultural land using pesticides for insects and worms to protect crops and waste water leading from town to the river. The second season sample appears to have more contamination, particularly with Fe and Mn indicating higher pollution levels.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe chemicals used for insecticides that have been tested thus to control grubs, which are pests in sugarcane crops, have shown less efficiency and are expensive, making them unaffordable for low-income farmers. Chemicals, pesticides, and insecticides harm insects and seriously threaten the health and safety of local flora and fauna. New environmental beings and financial variables for low-income farmers must be developed to handle white grubs (Ramanujam et al., 2021). The soil ecosystem to effectively reduce soil pests, naturally occurring entomopathogens such as nematodes, bacteria, viruses, and fungi are essential (Chandel et al., 2018). Contribute to insecticide resistance in insects, and pose health and environmental threats to people. New environmental beings and financial variables for low-income farmers must be developed to handle white grubs (Ramanujam et al., 2021). The soil ecosystem to effectively reduce soil pests, naturally occurring entomopathogens such as nematodes, bacteria, viruses, and fungi are essential (Chandel et al., 2018).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHeavy metal toxicity harms the environment as it causes bioaccumulation within the food chain and can thereby pose a risk to animal health. The finding reveals that heavy metals originate from multiple anthropogenic sources, including industrial discharge, urban runoff, and agricultural inputs. These contaminants pose significant health hazards, such as organ toxicity, immunosuppression, reparatory ailments, and carcinogenic effects (Ali et al., 2019). They contribute to ecological change by reducing soil fertility, affecting aquatic ecosystems, and disrupting biodiversity. The result emphasizes the necessity for comprehensive pollution control strategies (Nagajyoti et al., 2010).\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe river water temperature varied from 20.2\u0026ordm;C (the origin of the Arkavathi River is Nandi Hill) to 28.5\u0026ordm;C (the Hesarghatta Lake), a temperature typical of Bengaluru, India, towards the southwest. The rise in physicochemical parameters such as pH, Conductivity, and Alkalinity decrease in the dissolved oxygen confirms the extent of pollution throughout the study area.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe major ions present in the surface water were Cl\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u003c/sup\u003e, SO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u0026minus;\u003c/sup\u003e, F\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u003c/sup\u003e, NO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u003c/sup\u003e, Na\u003csup\u003e+\u003c/sup\u003e, K\u003csup\u003e+\u003c/sup\u003e, Mg\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c/sup\u003e, and K\u003csup\u003e+\u003c/sup\u003e. In the Arkavathi River catchment area, the predominant anion and cation trend was in the order of Cl\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u003c/sup\u003e \u0026gt;SO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u0026minus;\u003c/sup\u003e \u0026gt;NO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u003c/sup\u003e \u0026gt;PO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e3\u0026minus;\u003c/sup\u003e \u0026gt;F\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u003c/sup\u003e and Na\u003csup\u003e+\u003c/sup\u003e \u0026gt;Ca\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c/sup\u003e \u0026gt;Mg\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c/sup\u003e \u0026gt;K\u003csup\u003e+\u003c/sup\u003e, respectively. Among the anions in the surface water, chloride ions predominated. From 3.09 mg/L at Varathur bridge, the concentration ranges were varied. Sodium was the predominant ion in the cation species, and its concentration was 1.7 mg/L at Haniyur to a maximum of 563 mg/L at Aralusandra. The different natural processes that cause rocks and minerals to weather, leach, and erode can be blamed for the varying concentrations of these ions. Chloride and sodium ion concentrations in rivers can rise due to effluent addition.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe Arkavathi River is contaminated with heavy metals by anthropogenic activities. Sample from 35 locations in rural Bengaluru was tested using an ICP-OES instrument for heavy metals Iron, Manganese, Nickel, Cobalt, Chromium, and Cadmium during both the monsoon and the post-monsoon season. The average concentrations across the two seasons of the metals were Fe (107 mg/L), Mn (0.063 mg/L), Ni (0.0048 mg/L), Co (0.00087 mg/L), Cr (0.00086 mg/L), and Cd (0.00007 mg/L). The study has found that all the samples fall within the heavy metal pollution index and hence are safe for human consumption. The distribution of heavy metals across rural (upstream and downstream) and urban (midstream) areas confirms its sources from both natural and anthropogenic activities.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThere is a clear seasonal shift between concentration of certain heavy metals during monsoon and post monsoon season in river Arkavathi. During the monsoon, the concentration of these heavy metals are higher (namely Cd, Fe and Cr) at certain sampling locations. It could be due to their usage in agricultural regions in the study area. During post monsoon, these elevated concentrations are not visible. This could be due to the leaching of these heavy metals to the monsoon season, thus causing its spike. The same spike is not visible in the map of the post monsoon season.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHeavy metal pollution (HPI) indicates overall water quality remains within safe limits for human consumption. Especially urbanized locations demand targeted remediation and continuous monitoring. The PCA and correlogram analyses further substantiate the role of seasonal shift and land use in influencing pollutant distribution and highlight the need for integrated land and water management strategies.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe information gathered from this study provides a detailed picture of the Arkavathi River\u0026rsquo;s condition. The anthropogenic cause of pollution is exposed by it most likely, untreated sewage pollution was the cause of the increased metal contamination in the river. This is also well demonstrated by the greater amounts of several pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the river. Triclosan is a chemical that can be harmful to human health at high concentrations (hazard quotient\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;1) (Gopal et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e)The analysis reveals that natural and man-made pollution sources contaminate the river. This investigation also shows the health risks associated with pollution.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgements\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe are grateful to \u003cstrong\u003eMAHE\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003efor providing the analytical facility under the Central Instrumentation Facility.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe sincerely thank the \u003cstrong\u003eBoard of Research in Nuclear Sciences (BRNS)\u003c/strong\u003e, Government of India, through project no. 35/14/17/2017-BRNS/35140 granted to Dr K Balakrishna for providing us with logistical support and consumables.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting interests\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors contribution:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Brijesh C P, Dr Gopal C M, Jayakrishna Kanhangad Shenoy, Dr Amrish Vadakkeveedu Narayan and Dr Keshava Balakrishna. The first draft of the manuscript was written jointly by Brijesh C P, Dr Gopal C M and Jayakrishna Kanhangad Shenoy and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. Dr Balakrishna was also instrumental in securing the funding and co-ordinating with BRNS in order to complete the work. \u0026nbsp;All authors read and approved the final manuscript.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData Availability\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article and its supplementary materials.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAbdullah, H., Hassan, F., \u0026amp; Valenzuela, A. (2013, 18-19 Sept. 2013). 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Biological control of white grubs, Holotrichia serrata (Fabricius) in sugarcane by two species of entomopathogenic fungi, Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana. \u003cem\u003eInternational Journal of Tropical Insect Science\u003c/em\u003e,\u003cem\u003e 41\u003c/em\u003e(1), 671-680. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42690-020-00256-y \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRavikumar, P., Aneesul Mehmood, M., \u0026amp; Somashekar, R. (2013). Water quality index to determine the surface water quality of Sankey tank and Mallathahalli lake, Bangalore urban district, Karnataka, India. \u003cem\u003eApplied Water Science\u003c/em\u003e,\u003cem\u003e 3\u003c/em\u003e, 247-261. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReview, W. P. (2025). \u003cem\u003eBangalore\u003c/em\u003e. Retrieved 09-04-2025 from https://worldpopulationreview.com/cities/india/bangalore\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReza, R., \u0026amp; Singh, G. (2010). 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(2004). \u003cem\u003eCadmium in drinking-water: background document for development of WHO guidelines for drinking-water quality\u003c/em\u003e. https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/75364\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eYi, Y., Yang, Z., \u0026amp; Zhang, S. (2011). Ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in sediment and human health risk assessment of heavy metals in fishes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River basin. \u003cem\u003eEnvironmental Pollution\u003c/em\u003e,\u003cem\u003e 159\u003c/em\u003e(10), 2575-2585. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eZhang, M.-K., \u0026amp; Ke, Z.-X. (2004). Heavy metals, phosphorus and some other elements in urban soils of Hangzhou City, China. \u003cem\u003ePedosphere\u003c/em\u003e,\u003cem\u003e 14\u003c/em\u003e(2), 177-185. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eZulaikha, S. (2015). Hazardous ingredients in cosmetics and personal care products and health concern: A review. \u003cem\u003eJ. Public Health Res.\u003c/em\u003e,\u003cem\u003e 5\u003c/em\u003e, 7. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"},{"header":"Tables","content":"\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"620\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 620px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable.1 The average value of the physicochemical parameter (Seasons 1 and 2)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSample ID\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTemp (\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026deg;C)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003epH\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConductivity (\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026micro;S/cm)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDO(mg/L)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAlkalinity(mmol/L)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e490\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e254\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e144\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e137\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e121\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e134\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e975\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e659\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e170\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e506\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e118\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1580\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1570\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1274\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1630\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1659\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1528\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1355\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1355\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1134\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1277\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1344\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e587\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e478\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e386\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1238\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1037\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e991\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1404\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e370\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e907\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e718\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e742\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"619\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"11\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 619px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable.2 Average value of Major ion (Season 1 and 2)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSample ID\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNa\u003csup\u003e+\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eK\u003csup\u003e+\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCa\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMg\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e3-\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e-\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCl\u003csup\u003e-\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eF\u003csup\u003e-\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e2-\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e263\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e139\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e433\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e163\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e49\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e401\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e120\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e166\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e199\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e183\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e136\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e219\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e638\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e442\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e145\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e177\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e199\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e113\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e254\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e179\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e225\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e152\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e181\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e353\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e111\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e221\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e125\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e135\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e129\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e154\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e167\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e214\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e105\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e123\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e114\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e74\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e146\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e98\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e104\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e94\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e113\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e141\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e105\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e132\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e142\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e145\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e153\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e166\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e104\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e285\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" align=\"\" width=\"624\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"7\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 624px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable. 3 Season 1 Heavy Metal data\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSample ID\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFe (ppb)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMn (ppb)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNi (ppb)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCd (ppb)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCo (ppb)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCr (ppb)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e906.654\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.009\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.622\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.628\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.286\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e547.116\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.635\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.623\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.835\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.337\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e543.013\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.502\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.094\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.132\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e58.562\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.237\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.131\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.481\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.202\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e631.843\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.815\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.743\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.122\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.101\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.713\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.755\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n 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\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.773\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.228\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.309\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.338\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.046\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.503\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.456\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.087\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.678\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.417\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.303\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.049\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.531\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.102\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.333\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.528\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.144\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.725\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.281\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.647\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.144\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.131\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.347\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.456\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.393\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.206\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.928\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.668\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.502\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.394\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.724\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.945\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.643\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.129\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.791\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.251\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.055\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.658\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.128\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.456\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31.508\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.984\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.585\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.039\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.513\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44.357\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.187\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.419\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.754\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e310.803\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e49.039\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.819\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.196\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.294\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.068\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e617.35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.085\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.201\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.235\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.458\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.114\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34.538\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e204.344\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.054\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.383\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.997\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e130.362\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e232.056\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.366\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.091\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.495\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.649\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e79.31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e225.392\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.917\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.115\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.318\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.108\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100.505\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e142.646\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.861\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.141\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.506\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62.676\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e172.918\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.252\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.595\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.998\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.305\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38.487\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e109.851\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.066\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.186\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.225\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.044\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.215\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.154\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.055\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.635\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.818\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.505\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.495\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.489\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.515\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.036\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.649\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.188\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.037\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.213\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.056\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.505\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.822\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.329\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.587\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.722\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.336\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e175.815\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.696\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.015\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.027\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e122.618\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.144\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.697\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.212\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.096\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.759\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.832\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.047\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.266\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"617\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"7\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 617px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable.3a Season 2 Heavy Metal data\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSample ID\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFe (ppb)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMn (ppb)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNi (ppb)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCd (ppb)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCo (ppb)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCr (ppb)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e138.73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1544.53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34.25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.74\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e241.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e627.17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.94\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45.26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e128.44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.92\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e136.16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e398.99\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e165.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e382.54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e101.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e253.67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e114.11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e259.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e144.45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e301.25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e63.11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e243.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62.89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48.51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.99\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e88.77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e192.64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.81\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.81\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e122.25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e102.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.91\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 4 Measured concentration during calibration vs true concentration\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCategory\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eConcentration average (0.1 ppm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eConcentration average (0.5 ppm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eConcentration average (1 ppm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eConcentration average (5 ppm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eConcentration average (10 ppm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCa 393.366{86} (Axial)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.096 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.508 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.996 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCa 396.847{85} (Radial)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.058 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.478 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.127 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.938 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCd 228.802 {447} (Axial)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.051 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.485 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.022 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.087 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.956 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCd 226.502{449} (Radial)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.072 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.494 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.018 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.035 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.981 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCo 228.616{447} (Axial)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.059 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.488 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.018 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.071 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.964 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCo 238.892{141} (Radial)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.062 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.506 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.012 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.042 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.978 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCr 283.563{119} (Axial)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.057 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.487 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.006 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.099 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.951 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCr 267.716{126} (Radial)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.069 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.488 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.010 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.065 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.967 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCu 324.754 {104} (Axial)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.042 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.479 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.007 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.143 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.930 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCu 327.396{103} (Radial)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.070 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.490 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.022 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.038 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.980 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFe 259.940{130} (Axial)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.053 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.482 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.997 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.132 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.935 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFe 238.204{141} (Radial)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.088 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.490 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.993 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.057 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.973 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHg 184.950 {482} (Axial)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.083 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.499 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.992 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.051 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.976 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHg 194.227 {474} (Radial)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.098 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.512 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.005 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.975 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.012 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eK 766.490{44} (Axial)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eO. 155 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.493 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.962 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.974 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.017 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eK 404.414{83} (Radial)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-5.608 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.546 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.008 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.200 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.454 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMg 279.553{121} (Axial)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.035 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.506 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.073 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.986 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMg 280270 {120} (Radial)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.052 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.491 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.022 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.071 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.963 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMn 257.610{131} (Axial)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.032 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.481 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.025 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.126 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.936 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMn 259.373{130} (Radial)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.054 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.489 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.018 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.080 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.959 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNa 588.995{57} (Radial)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.476 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.358 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.717 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-10.384 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.434 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNa 589.592{57} (Radial)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.057 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.468 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.026 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.099 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.950 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNi 231.604{446} (Axial)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.050 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.487 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.024 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.079 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.959 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNi 221.647{452} (Radial)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.079 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.498 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.027 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.996 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.000 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePb 220.353{453} (Axial)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.048 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.489 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.026 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.077 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.960 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePb 216.999{455} (Radial)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eO. 108 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.370 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.062 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.119 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.941 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eZn 213.856{458} (Axial)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.043 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.480 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.022 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.113 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.943 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eZn 202.548{466} (Radial)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.075 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.490 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.021 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.032 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.983 ppm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Major ions, heavy metals, environmental health, multivariate analysis, seasonal variation, India","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7488804/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7488804/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eA small seasonal river, the Arkavathi River, which passes through the Silicon Valley of India, Bengaluru city, in southern India, is chosen for this study. This river provides for the drinking water needs of 14\u0026nbsp;million people of Bengaluru city and is home to vibrant aquatic ecosystems along its course (Review, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR45\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2025\u003c/span\u003e). A detailed seasonal study (post- and pre-monsoon) was conducted throughout the river to monitor certain physicochemical parameters, major ions, and heavy metals. The heavy metal pollution index confirmed that the water was fit for consumption when the samples were collected. Principal Component Analysis and land use maps confirmed that the river receives pollutants from industrial, urban, and agricultural wastewater discharge. Major ions were primarily sourced from the weathering of rocks. Their order abundance of anions Cl\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026gt;SO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u0026minus;\u003c/sup\u003e \u0026gt;F\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u003c/sup\u003e \u0026gt;NO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u003c/sup\u003e and cations Na\u003csup\u003e+\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026gt;K\u003csup\u003e+\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026gt;Mg\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c/sup\u003e \u0026gt;K\u003csup\u003e+\u003c/sup\u003e. Domestic and industrial effluents are also suspected of pumping excess chloride into the river. We discuss the prevalence of heavy metals in the study area and identify whether agricultural regions impact water quality and environmental health. We also discuss the impact of pest infestation during 2016\u0026ndash;2018 on river water quality. Statistical tools have been used to check whether urban or agricultural locations have a greater impact on water quality.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis study highlights the importance of continuous water quality monitoring and can serve as baseline data for policymakers to develop effective management strategies. The results would also prompt policy interventions to preserve the ecological integrity of the Arkavathi River.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Urbanization and Agriculture as Drivers of River Pollution: A Case Study from the Arkavathi River Basin","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-09-22 10:19:07","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7488804/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"815e756c-a56c-4a92-842f-ae35885d3002","owner":[],"postedDate":"September 22nd, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":54904389,"name":"Biological sciences/Ecology"},{"id":54904390,"name":"Earth and environmental sciences/Ecology"},{"id":54904391,"name":"Earth and environmental sciences/Environmental sciences"},{"id":54904392,"name":"Earth and environmental sciences/Hydrology"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-09-22T10:19:09+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-09-22 10:19:07","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7488804","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7488804","identity":"rs-7488804","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}