The Transformation of Water Management: From Market Solutions to Rights-Based Approaches

This article analyses how the debate over water privatisation has changed since it became popular in the 1980s, moving from a simple public-versus-private argument to a nuanced discussion of resource management, human rights, and environmental sustainability. The study illustrates how the results of privatisation are inextricably tied to institutional capability, regulatory frameworks, and local socioeconomic circumstances through the examination of international case studies. Three key aspects are examined in the study: the conflict between market-based techniques and universal coverage ambitions, the issue of corruption in the intricate technical and governance frameworks of the industry, and the need to strike a balance between affordability concerns and efficiency improvements. Recent developments reveal a shift towards domestic and regional enterprises gaining prominence, particularly from developing nations, alongside the emergence of hybrid models combining private sector participation with public oversight. The findings suggest that future water privatisation will be predominantly shaped by political considerations, requiring innovative approaches that balance commercial viability with social responsibility and environmental stewardship.