One case report of epilepsy and rapidly progressive dementia after levofloxacin treatment

Objective: To report a case of seizure and rapidly progressive dementia 20 minutes after intravenous administration of levofloxacin. Case summary: A 56-year-old woman was admitted to hospital with episodic unconsciousness and unresponsiveness. About 4 days ago, she experienced a loss of consciousness, fell to the floor, and yelled for 2 minutes, 20 minutes before the first intravenous dose of levofloxacin. The patient developed symptoms of cognitive impairment after the seizure. Levofloxacin is a synthetic third generation fluoroquinolone used to treat various infectious diseases. Upon admission, the patient was conscious and unresponsive. After 11 days of symptomatic and supportive treatment, the patient was discharged from the hospital with cognition restored to baseline level and no recurrence of seizures 10 months after discharge. Discussion: Epilepsy is a rare adverse reaction to levofloxacin treatment. The patient in this case had infection-related signs before the onset of the disease, and the disease progressed rapidly with fluctuating changes. After ruling out degenerative, infectious, toxic, and autoimmune causes, the patient's symptoms may be attributed to levofloxacin, and this is the first case of seizure and rapidly progressive dementia after levofloxacin injection reported in the literature. Clinicians should be aware that unexplained, rapidly progressing dementia with infection-related signs before onset may be a rare side effect of antibiotics.