Phenomenological Study of International Medical Graduates (IMGs) and the Supervisory Relationship: Implications for Enhancing Successful Transitions to Practice in Canada

Abstract Introduction: International medical graduates (IMGs) comprise a substantial proportion of the medical workforces of many developed countries. Supervision, mentoring and coaching are often used to support IMGs with their adjustment and transition to medical practice in many of these countries. This study sought to explore the experiences of IMGs and their supervisors with the supervisory process. Methods Applying a phenomenological approach, six focus group interviews were conducted with twenty-one supervisors and IMGs on temporary licensure to explore the nature of the supervisory relationship and perceptions of the roles and expectations of supervisors of IMGs in Canada. Results The role of supervisor was perceived as important to supporting the IMG with adjusting, transitioning and navigating medical practice in Canada. Access and availability of the supervisor was critical, while supervisors with IMG backgrounds were felt to be more empathetic to the needs of supervisees. Having mentors, in addition to one’s supervisor, was seen as valuable to help with personal and professional adjustments to life in a new country and a novel medical system. Conclusion Effective supervision has an important role in supporting the successful transition and adjustment of IMGs to their new countries of practice, and potentially enhancing retention of these physicians in the rural and underserved communities where they may practice. Aspects of effective supervision include regular access and availability of the supervisor, fostering a supportive relationship and knowledge of the IMG background to provide empathetic support.