One Case of Direct Evidence’s peripheral ulcerative keratitis with Tuberculosis | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Case Report One Case of Direct Evidence’s peripheral ulcerative keratitis with Tuberculosis Yajie Gong, keke Huang, Jun Huang, Shuang Wang This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3804430/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Compared with intraocular tuberculosis (TB), ocular tuberculosis (OTB) with ocular surface involvement is rare. Corneal involvement in OTB can be characterized by interstitial keratitis or peripheral ulcer-ative keratitis(PUK). We report a case of PUK with direct basis as the sign of tuberculosis. The corneal ulcer scraping was performed and mycobacterium TB DNA polymerase chain reaction(PCR) was positive.After a month of oral anti tuberculosis treatment, the corneal ulcer was completely controlled. peripheral ulcerative keratitis uveitis Tuberculosis secondary glaucoma pulmonary tuberculosis Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Case report A 20-year-old man complained of his left eye vision loss and pain for 1 week. Slit lamp examination of left eyes showed defected corneal epithelium, interstitial edema of the left cornea, with a white irregular infiltrative lesion and ulcer 2mm * 2.5mm in size in the inferior temporal region (Fig. 1 ). Anterior chamber reactions include several pigment keratic precipitates, ++ flare and formed pigmented exudation was noted. Moreover, the patient’s conjunctiva was mixed with congestion, and the fundus was unclear. The best corrected visual acuity(BCVA) of the left eye was finger counting, while the BCVA of the right eye was 20/20(snellen chart), and the intraocular pressure of both eyes was 18mmHg(right eye), T + 2(left eye).The diagnosis of PUK, secondary glaucoma and uveitis was made. The patient was administered with intravenous mannitol and topical treatment with eye drops(2%Cartenolol、0.2%Bromonidine、Tobramycin and Dexamethasone ). The patient was from Linzhi County, Tibet Province, and lives in Tibet all the year round, where tuberculosis(TB) has a high incidence area in China. Clinical symptoms like weight loss, malaise, or fever were not mentioned by patient. Simultaneously, no other medical history or lifestyle history such as keeping pets.Systemic examination were checked, including purified protein derivative (PPD) skin test revealed an induration of 10 mm,T-spot was strongly positive results, erythrocyte sedimentation rates sped but other blood tests (antinuclear antibody, rheumatoid factor, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody, and HIV serology etc.) were unremarkable. Chest computed tomography (CT) scans showed multiple spots and nodules.We highly suspected ocular tuberculosis-related lesions, thus corneal ulcer scraping was performed and sent for microbiological examination. Surprisingly,acid fast staining was negative, while mycobacterium TB DNA polymerase chain reaction(PCR) was positive. Furthermore ,ulmonary fibrobronchoscopy, sputum acid fast staining and culture of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis DNA PCR were both negative. Collectively, a diagnosis of ocular and pulmonary tuberculosis was made. On the basis of previous treatment, the patient started anti-tuberculosis quadritherapy. After one week of medication, the patient's corneal edema improved, with anterior chamber flash (-), BCVA improved to 2/20, and intraocular pressure was 20mmHg. Fundus examination revealed 1 + vitreous haze, scattered round circular white-yellowish lesion, and occlusive vasculitis. After a month of oral anti tuberculosis treatment, the corneal ulcer was completely controlled(Fig. 2 ). TB is a common public health problem [ 1 ], especially in Tibetan living areas in China. TB often invaded the lungs, but ocular tuberculosis was relatively rare. The prevalence of ocular TB among TB has been reported to be 6.8% [ 2 ]. TB had been reported in all eye tissues [ 3 ], but corneal tuberculosis was extremely rare [ 4 ].TB may cause PUK, which is characterized by progressive peripheral corneal stromal thinning with an associated epithelial defect or present in an idiopathic form (Mooren ulcer) [ 5 ]. Ocular lesions can be caused by a direct invasion of microorganisms or result from immunologic reactions (delayed hypersensitivity type IV) in the absence of the infectious agent [ 4 ]. In this case, PUK was caused by direct invasion of Mycobacterium TB rather than by immune response.According to our hypothesis, pulmonary infection may precede corneal lesions, and Mycobacterium Tuberculosis may be transferred form lungs to the cornea through blood. This patient was diagnosed through corneal scraping and microbiological examination, but the multiple sputum examinations of the lungs did not show positive results. Declarations Ethical standards statement This study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Chengdu Third People's Hospital Consent for publication The patient had signed an informed consent for publication and had agreed to use his condition for public publication. This article would cover the patient's age, gender, province, but would not cover specific information such as name and address. Availability of data and materials Not applicable Authors' contributions Shuang Wang、Yajie Gong、Keke Huang together wrote the manuscript. Jun Huang helped identify the tuberculosis. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Funding Not applicable Conflict of interests The authors have no relevant proprietary interests. References Testi I, Agrawal R, Mehta S, Basu S, Nguyen Q, Pavesio C, et al. Ocular tuberculosis: Where are we today? Indian J Ophthalmol. 2020;68:1808–17. Yoo IK, Choung RS, Hyun JJ, Kim SY, Jung SW, Koo JS, et al. Incidences of serious infections and tuberculosis among patients receiving anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha therapy. Yonsei Med J. 2014;55:442–8. Tabbara KF. Ocular tuberculosis: anterior segment. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 2005;45:57–69. Rafiezadeh P, Schmack I, Shajari M, Kohnen T. Autoimmune keratitis in mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Curr Ophthalmol. 2018;30:381–3. Hassanpour K, R HE, Arabi A, C RF, A ME TKE, et al. Peripheral Ulcerative Keratitis: A Review. J Ophthalmic Vis Res. 2022;17:252–75. Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-3804430","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Case Report","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":266026595,"identity":"43394d1e-002c-44fd-834c-99bb74cd8df0","order_by":0,"name":"Yajie Gong","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Chengdu Third People’s Hospital, Southwest Jiaotong University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yajie","middleName":"","lastName":"Gong","suffix":""},{"id":266026596,"identity":"40160313-f4fa-48ff-bced-48af743b2de3","order_by":1,"name":"keke Huang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Chengdu Third People’s Hospital, Southwest Jiaotong University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"keke","middleName":"","lastName":"Huang","suffix":""},{"id":266026597,"identity":"7f4f0df2-3557-4923-99e7-ced9e092aab3","order_by":2,"name":"Jun Huang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Chengdu Third People’s Hospital, Southwest Jiaotong University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jun","middleName":"","lastName":"Huang","suffix":""},{"id":266026598,"identity":"2c5e5569-f2e0-49a5-affd-9510b968ef0c","order_by":3,"name":"Shuang Wang","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAzElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACfmb+hw8kDCTs+NkbiNQi2c7DbGBRYJMs2XOASC0G53nYJCo+pDFuuJFArMsO8x42uGFwmNng5uONNxhqbKIJ6mBs5kt8OMPgMJ/k7bRiC4ZjabkNhLQwMzMYG0sAbeG7nWMmwdhwmLAWNmYGM+k/BocZG26eIVILDzOPmYSEQRrjhBs8RGqRYGZLNpAwAAUy0C8JxPjF/vzhgw8k/oCi8vDGGx9qbAhrQQYGEgmkKIdoIVXHKBgFo2AUjAwAAPqxPPoTsrSgAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Chengdu Third People’s Hospital, Southwest Jiaotong University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Shuang","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2023-12-25 12:29:12","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3804430/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3804430/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":49439426,"identity":"2877e563-4286-4623-9c90-402c91cf5232","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-01-10 21:45:51","extension":"jpeg","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":98886,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003ethere was edema of the corneal stroma and a 2mm * 2mm sized white irregular infiltrating lesion with and ulcer below the temporal area (Figure 1), with the appearance of anterior uveitis like suet KP (+) and flash (++) in anterior chamber. We also found that the patient’s eye ball was with mixed congestion.The lens was transparent, and the fundus was unclear.The best corrected visual acuity(BCVA) of the left eye was finger counting, while the BCVA of the right eye was 20/20(snellen chart), and the intraocular pressure of both eyes was 18mmHg(right eye), T+2(left eye).\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage1.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-3804430/v1/fcacd496b80583d89ff4dcf1.jpeg"},{"id":49439425,"identity":"0a5cda2d-bac1-4f00-af6b-acdac6a251db","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-01-10 21:45:51","extension":"jpeg","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":103986,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eAfter a month of oral anti tuberculosis treatment,the corneal ulcer was completely controlled. The anterior chamber was clean, conjunctival congestion was disappeared. There was no cells in both anterior chamber and vitreous cavity.There was still several yellow dots on retina indicating that the retina remained inflammation caused by TB.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage2.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-3804430/v1/0bfa9ac41548ac0d0dfe1461.jpeg"},{"id":50364451,"identity":"c0cb4cc6-a43f-446e-afa4-e2440e33fc37","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-01-30 11:09:03","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":368506,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-3804430/v1/558e9f99-f4d9-44e7-89fd-5dff432a78e2.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"One Case of Direct Evidence’s peripheral ulcerative keratitis with Tuberculosis","fulltext":[{"header":"Case report","content":"\u003cp\u003eA 20-year-old man complained of his left eye vision loss and pain for 1 week. Slit lamp examination of left eyes showed defected corneal epithelium, interstitial edema of the left cornea, with a white irregular infiltrative lesion and ulcer 2mm * 2.5mm in size in the inferior temporal region (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e). Anterior chamber reactions include several pigment keratic precipitates, ++ flare and formed pigmented exudation was noted. Moreover, the patient\u0026rsquo;s conjunctiva was mixed with congestion, and the fundus was unclear. The best corrected visual acuity(BCVA) of the left eye was finger counting, while the BCVA of the right eye was 20/20(snellen chart), and the intraocular pressure of both eyes was 18mmHg(right eye), T\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;2(left eye).The diagnosis of PUK, secondary glaucoma and uveitis was made. The patient was administered with intravenous mannitol and topical treatment with eye drops(2%Cartenolol、0.2%Bromonidine、Tobramycin and Dexamethasone ).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe patient was from Linzhi County, Tibet Province, and lives in Tibet all the year round, where tuberculosis(TB) has a high incidence area in China. Clinical symptoms like weight loss, malaise, or fever were not mentioned by patient. Simultaneously, no other medical history or lifestyle history such as keeping pets.Systemic examination were checked, including purified protein derivative (PPD) skin test revealed an induration of 10 mm,T-spot was strongly positive results, erythrocyte sedimentation rates sped but other blood tests (antinuclear antibody, rheumatoid factor, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody, and HIV serology etc.) were unremarkable. Chest computed tomography (CT) scans showed multiple spots and nodules.We highly suspected ocular tuberculosis-related lesions, thus corneal ulcer scraping was performed and sent for microbiological examination. Surprisingly,acid fast staining was negative, while mycobacterium TB DNA polymerase chain reaction(PCR) was positive. Furthermore ,ulmonary fibrobronchoscopy, sputum acid fast staining and culture of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis DNA PCR were both negative. Collectively, a diagnosis of ocular and pulmonary tuberculosis was made. On the basis of previous treatment, the patient started anti-tuberculosis quadritherapy.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAfter one week of medication, the patient's corneal edema improved, with anterior chamber flash (-), BCVA improved to 2/20, and intraocular pressure was 20mmHg. Fundus examination revealed 1\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;vitreous haze, scattered round circular white-yellowish lesion, and occlusive vasculitis. After a month of oral anti tuberculosis treatment, the corneal ulcer was completely controlled(Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTB is a common public health problem [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e], especially in Tibetan living areas in China. TB often invaded the lungs, but ocular tuberculosis was relatively rare. The prevalence of ocular TB among TB has been reported to be 6.8% [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e]. TB had been reported in all eye tissues [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e], but corneal tuberculosis was extremely rare [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e].TB may cause PUK, which is characterized by progressive peripheral corneal stromal thinning with an associated epithelial defect or present in an idiopathic form (Mooren ulcer) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e]. Ocular lesions can be caused by a direct invasion of microorganisms or result from immunologic reactions (delayed hypersensitivity type IV) in the absence of the infectious agent [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn this case, PUK was caused by direct invasion of Mycobacterium TB rather than by immune response.According to our hypothesis, pulmonary infection may precede corneal lesions, and Mycobacterium Tuberculosis may be transferred form lungs to the cornea through blood. This patient was diagnosed through corneal scraping and microbiological examination, but the multiple sputum examinations of the lungs did not show positive results.\u003c/p\u003e "},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthical standards statement\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Chengdu Third People's Hospital\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent for publication\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe patient had signed an informed consent for publication and had agreed to use his condition for public publication. This article would cover the patient's age, gender, province, but would not cover specific information such as name and address.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAvailability of data and materials\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors' contributions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eShuang Wang、Yajie Gong、Keke Huang together wrote the manuscript. Jun Huang helped identify the\u0026nbsp;tuberculosis. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConflict of interests\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors have no relevant proprietary interests.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eTesti I, Agrawal R, Mehta S, Basu S, Nguyen Q, Pavesio C, et al. Ocular tuberculosis: Where are we today? Indian J Ophthalmol. 2020;68:1808\u0026ndash;17.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eYoo IK, Choung RS, Hyun JJ, Kim SY, Jung SW, Koo JS, et al. Incidences of serious infections and tuberculosis among patients receiving anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha therapy. Yonsei Med J. 2014;55:442\u0026ndash;8.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eTabbara KF. Ocular tuberculosis: anterior segment. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 2005;45:57\u0026ndash;69.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eRafiezadeh P, Schmack I, Shajari M, Kohnen T. Autoimmune keratitis in mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Curr Ophthalmol. 2018;30:381\u0026ndash;3.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHassanpour K, R HE, Arabi A, C RF, A ME TKE, et al. Peripheral Ulcerative Keratitis: A Review. J Ophthalmic Vis Res. 2022;17:252\u0026ndash;75.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"
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