On the Stability and Characteristics of Biogas/Methane/Air Flames Fired by a Double Swirl Burner

CO 2 -diluted methane fuel is relevant to biogas combustion applications. Despite its poor heating value and low reactivity, which limit its practical applicability, biogas gains popularity as a renewable fuel. However, implementing it in combustion systems requires either modifying or replacing the existing burners. This study investigates the stability, temperature field, and pollutant emissions of CH 4 /CO 2 /air-premixed flames fired by a double-swirl burner. A CH 4 /air mixture of equivalence ratio, Φ out was used in the outer stream, while a CH 4 /CO 2 /air mixture was supplied to the inner stream. The CO 2 mole fraction, 𝒳 CO 2 , in the inner fuel blend varied from 0 to 0.4 for various inner stream equivalence ratios, Φ in . The stability diagram of these flames was mapped in terms of Φ in verses 𝒳 CO 2 for a fixed Φ out . Based on the stability map, the inflame temperature field was investigated for six flames. Increasing the %CO 2 in the biogas modifies the stability map by increasing the inner stream lean blow-off limits. However, increasing Φ out sustains the flame stability, while reducing the CO 2 increases the overall flame below off equivalence ratio. Flame size growth with increasing 𝒳 CO 2 requires a longer residence time for efficient combustion. The addition of CO 2 physically and chemically affects the thermal flame structure, and hence the pollutant emissions. In this burner, ultra-low NO X emission was reported, while an increase in the CO and UHC, with increasing 𝒳 CO 2 was observed. However, the results show that, for a given 𝒳 CO 2 , controlling Φ in and Φ out could reduce CO and UHC emissions.