When Indian mother delivers neonates larger than 4000 grams: Possibly maternal characteristics and newborn’s sex play decisive role associated with fetal macrosomia

Abstract Background A new born’s birth weight occur ≥ 4000 grams is defined as fetal macrosomia, recognized as a serious reproductive and child health problem, directly or indirectly can contribute to severe maternal, fetal and neonatal morbidity, mortality and disability worldwide. Objectives Our present study aims to analyse the role of maternal factors and newborn’s sex resulting fetal macrosomia in Indian context. Methods Data were drawn from the fifth round of National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5), conducted in India during 2019–2021. A cross-sectional observational study was carried out with a total of 152, 827 children born to women in reproductive age group (15–49) who had most recent live birth in the past five years preceding the survey. Descriptive analyses, cross-tabulation, test of association through Pearson’s chi-squared test and finally binary logistic regression analyses were performed to fulfil the study objectives. Results In India, the prevalence of macrosomia was found 3% of total study participants (n = 152,827). Considering new born characteristics, fetal macrosomia was prevalent among the male neonates. Giving importance regarding maternal characteristics, overweight and obese mothers, having gestational diabetes and hypertension were more vulnerable to give birth of macrosomic babies. Besides, the multiparous mothers and the women who did not undergo through proper ANC follow up, had also greater risks of developing fetal macrosomia. Even, muslim women, and women belonged to scheduled tribe category were significantly associated with the risk of having fetal macrosomia.