Deep Learning Identifies Cardiomyocyte Nuclei in Murine Tissue with High Precision

ABSTRACT Proper identification and annotation of cells in mammalian tissues is of paramount importance to biological research. Various approaches are currently used to identify and label cell types of interest in complex tissues. In this report, we generated an artificial intelligence (AI) deep learning model that uses image segmentation to predict cardiomyocyte nuclei in mouse heart sections without a specific cardiomyocyte nuclear label. This tool can annotate cardiomyocytes highly sensitively and specifically (AUC 0.94) using only cardiomyocyte structural protein immunostaining and a global nuclear stain. We speculate that our method is generalizable to other tissues to annotate specific cell types and organelles in a label-free way.